Model Test 9

Model test 2一、词汇题（本题共20小题，每小题1分满分20 分）Par tⅠ.VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. Don't touch it; otherwise you might _________ the alarm system.a.motivateb.activatec.stimulated.regulate2. The verb must agree _______ the subject _________ person and number.a.with...tob.about...inc.with... ind.on...to3. To help the students to understand, the lecturer drew a(n) __________ between the way water moves in wave and the way light travels.a.conclusionb.linec.attentiond.analogy4. There was still a long way to go._________,some progress had been made.a.As a resultb.Moreoverc.What s mored.Nonetheless5. The thief wore a false beard and glasses as a ________.a.trickb.disguisec.maskd.pretence6. How to dispose _________ the nuclear waste is a pressing problem for scientists and politicians alike.a of b.with c.to d.behind7. This regulation doesn't _________ you, so don't worry about it.a.concern b acclaim c.distract d.disturb8.A nurse has many duties to _________ in caring for the sick.a.achievepletec.fulfilld.finish9. At the gates of most five-star hotels,the hotel doorman will _________ a cab for you.a.hailb.reservec.taked.halt10. At the head of the valley. the scouts turned left and headed ________ the summit.a.tob.forc.ond.toward11.Instead of formulas and charts, the math teacher uses games and drawings to__the subject.a.designateb.imaginec.eliminated.illuminate12.To call the music of another music-culture "primitive" is __one's own standards on a group that does not recognize them.a.puttingb.emphasizingpellingd.imposing13.He actually had no plan for a new car.He bought it __.a.for an impulseb.at an impulsec.on an impulsed.in an impulse14.It is real problem for the modern society that some people have become so __the suffering of others.a.cautious againstb.rigid inc.indifferent tod.scared of15.He is a real role model and I have always regard him as a man of __.a.prosperityb.superiorityc.integrityd.popularity16.The noise coming from the nearby construction site every night really__the neighborhood.a.excitesb.brightensc.irritatesd.surprises17.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to __himself.a.spotb.placec.located.establish18.The disease typically__itself in a high fever and chest pains.a.assertedb.expressedc.justifiedd.manifested19.The__driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.monb.averageuald.general20.Now that the initial shock was __ , he was in considerable pain.a.wearing awayb.wearing downc.wearing outd.wearing off二、判断题（本题共10小题，每小题1 分，满分10分）Part II. True or FalseDirections: Read the following passage and 10 statements, decide whether each of the statements is true or false, based on the information from the passage. Write T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet.How to Achieve Good Mental HealthMost Americans believe that good emotional health is just as important as good physical health. In fact, in a survey conducted in 1996, the American Psychological Association (APA) found that 84 percent of Americans feel psychological health is important for overall good health. The survey also found some disturbing news –47 percent of Americans don't know when it's appropriate to see a mental health professional and 68 percent don't know how to find a mental health professional to help them.People may need professional help to maintain good psychological health in much the same way that you need a dentist to examine a toothache, a physician to set a broken bone, and a lawyer to answer legal questions.“One of the ways to achieve good mental health is to talk to people you trust about what’s bothering you,” said Dorothy Cantor, Psy. D., former president of the American Psychological Association. “Try not to turn a bad day into a major catastrophe – we all have bad days once in a while. But, if time passes and you’re still feeling overwhelmed by problems in your life, even after you have talked to people who you love, admire and trust, then perhaps it’s time to talk to a mental health professional.”When you have a question about your emotional health, psychologists can be a great resource. Psychologists have the necessary background and education to help you resolve your problems and help you find solutions you may not have known existed. After graduation from college, psychologists spend an average of seven years in graduate education training and research before receiving a doctoral degree. As part of their professional training, they must complete a supervised clinical internship in a hospital or organized health setting and at least one year of post-doctoral supervised experience before they can practice independently in any health care arena.According to Dr. Cantor, learning to talk about your problems and concerns is an important part of taking good care of you and maintaining good psychological health.“When you have good emotional health, you’re able to experi ence feelings, share them appropriately and not be overwhelmed by them. That doesn’t mean you can never be angry or sad. It means finding a balance and expressing your feelings appropriately,” said Dr. Cantor.Good psychological health means having the mental energy to function well at home, atwork and at play. “It means being able to eat, sleep and relax without feeling anxious, depressed or worried,” she said.How to maintain good mental healthIn addition to taking care of your loved ones and your career, it is important that you take care of yourself. “Find time to do things you enjoy –things that you’re passionate about. Spend time exercising and eating well,” suggested Dr. Cantor.She warns that when you put yourself last on the pr iority list, you’re not going to be able to maintain good psychological health. “In some instances, women put themselves low on the priority list and don’t take care of themselves. They become more concerned with taking care of everyone else and they may forget about themselves. Men, on the other hand, have a tendency to ignore signals that something is distressing them and typically won’t talk about their problems.”Good psychological health vs. good physical health Sychological health affects physical health. “We’ve been told for so long to get physical checkups, but taking care of our emotional well being has been sorely overlooked,” she said.“We are ‘whole’ people – whole in the sense that our minds and bodies are connected. If we only take care of our physical well-being and not our emotional well-being, it could come back to haunt us.”“When we’re doing the things that enable us to have good emotional health, we’re far more likely to maintain both the level of physical and emotional health we need. We feel energetic and more productive at home and at work,” said Dr. Cantor.21. There is no need to check emotional matters.22. Find time to do things you enjoy can solve all the problem.23. It’s wicked to search for help from professionals in hospital just for mental illness.24. Mental illness and mental disorder are sharing the same meaning.25. Physical checkups is more important than mental checkups.26. Men are willing to share something unhappy with others.27.Women doesn’t put themselves low on the priority list.28. If you feel angry ,just keep moving without words. That’s good for your health.29.Tell what’s bothering you to your friend can solve some problems.30.If we only take care of our physical well-being and not our emotional well-being, it could come back to haunt us. ”三、完形填空题（本题共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）Part ⅢClozeDirections: Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter forWise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 26 your money or can add to the cost.Take the 27 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 28 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 29 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 30 to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 31 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 32 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 33 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 34 , or a service, do check四、阅读理解题（本题共20小题，每小题2分, 满分40 分）。

Model Test Five试题解析Part I Writing【审题】本题是一篇典型的情景作文。

写此类作文时，要特别注意审题，按给定的情节合理展开内容。

按题目要求，我们应该写一封求职信。

书信的格式通常包括称呼、正文、落款三个部分。

针对本题，正文部分应该重点写“李明”有什么优势，为什么能胜任这份工作。

另外，在信的开头要说明写信目的；在结尾部分应表示感谢、期待回信等。

【范文】An Application LetterJune 23, 2013Dear Sir or Madam,I’m sending this letter to apply for the part-time hotel receptionist position, which you advertised in the People’s Daily on Sunday.I believe I have the required qualities for the position. First of all, I am easy-going, kind-hearted and patient, which I think are the imperative traits for being a good waitress. At present, I am a junior majoring in Business Management from Zhejiang University. I work very hard and my academic performance is fairly good. I am familiar with Windows-based systems and am proficient with Office software, such as Word and Excel. Besides, I’ve past CET-6 with high grades.As my resume indicates, last summer vacation I worked as a waitress at McDonald’s. The experience improved my capability and skill in communication and made me more confident. I am sure I am the right person for the job.If you consider me as an eligible applicant, I would be available for an interview any time at your convenience. My telephone number is 87766555 and I’m looking forward to your early reply.Yourssincerely,Li MingPart II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. M: Tony and I were supposed to meet here at the gate at 7 o’clock, but he hasn’t shown upyet.W: Are you sure? He told me you would meet at half past six. Now it’s already 7:10. I guess he has seated down in the auditorium.Q: When did Tony think they were supposed to meet?【答案】C2. M: Excuse me, do you know how this works?W: Yes. Put the clothes inside, shut the door and the money goes in here. When the machine starts you have to put the soap powder in through here.Q: Where does the conversation most likely take place?【答案】B3. W: Maybe we should take Front Street this morning. The radio announcer said traffic on thefreeway is really heavy.M: Well, if he says to take Front Street, then we should go the other way!Q: What is the man’s opinion of the radio announcer?【答案】B4. M: How did you find your job? Was it advertised in the paper?W: I have looked for months without finding anything. Then a friend told me about this job.So I applied and got it!Q: How did the woman learn about the job opening?【答案】C5. M: The paper says it’ll be cloudy and rainy today. What do you think?W: I don’t believe it. Look! The sun’s out. There’s no cl oud in the sky. And the newspaper is wrong.Q: What are they talking about?【答案】A6. W: You have spent too much time doing your coursework, Sam Don’t you think you shouldgo out and get some fresh air?M: Thanks for the advice, Rose. But this is how I relieve my stress. I’d rather not fall too far behind in my class.Q: What can be inferred about the man?【答案】C7. M: I don’t know where to treat my parents-in-law for dinner this weekend.W: Have you ever been to the rotating Italian restaurant by the river? You can have a bird’s-eye-view of the whole city while enjoying your meal.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?【答案】C8. M: Hello, Tracy. How come you’re sweating on such a cold day?W: Sorry I’m late for the meeting. Just after I passed through the supermarket, my car broke down. So I decided to run all the way here.Q: What do we learn about the woman?【答案】BConversation OneM: Hi, Mary, ( 9) how do you like your classes this semester?W: ( 9) Not so good, I’m afraid. I like English most, but I’m afraid Computer Science is the hardest. It always takes me much time to do the programming, and then I just feel exhausted when I am supposed to do some reading for other courses.M: Oh, that’s too bad.W: How about you? Do you enjoy your classes?M: I think so. All the professors are so great, and I really like my discussion class in English literature.W: Really? How come?M: Well, (10) it’s fantastic to hear Professor Wang’s analysis on Shakepear. And we’ve got lo ts of chances to talk about those interesting charactors in his works. It’s really good to hearwhat others have to say. And the student who leads the discussion is a fan of Shakespear, he knows almost everything about Shakespear’s works!W: Oh, yeah? It sounds great for you. But personally, (11) I’ve never cared for discussion classes. I prefer lectures, and I would rather listen to my professor than to my classmates,because I think it’s a waste of time.M: Why? I think it’s a good way to express o ur ideas and hear more opinions from others by discussion. In fact, we can get a lot out of discussion. Besides, lectures sometimes are soboring that I just can’t help falling asleep in class.W: Well, anyway, I’m glad that you like your class. So are you still working in the restaurant during your leisure time?M: No, I’ve quitted that part-time job because I’ve got more evening classes this semester and I don’t have enough time to work in the evening now. But I do need a job.W: Hey, you might go to the student center and probably you can find some information from the job board. We always find job openings there.M: Really? (12) Great, thank you for the information. I might try my luck there. But by the way, how can I find the student center?【预测】预览各选项，出现了Shakespear’s works, English literature, lecture, discussion class, 由此推测出对话可能与课堂学习内容有关。

M o d e l-T e s t-1News Report OneThe United States central bank has raised an important interest rateby one-fourth of 1 percent. The federal funds rate, a rate paid by banksfor short-team loans, is now one-half of 1 percent.Janet Yellen, the first woman to lead the Federal Reserve System, spoke after the announcement. The decision was based on a few factors. Yellen said Economic growth is expected to continue in the U.S. Another reason to increase interest rates, Yellen noted, was the low official rate of inflation . The central bank has said its target inflation rate is 2 percent. It says that rate would help support employment and keep prices stable. However, inflation currently is not at the target rate, but below 1 percent. The federal reserve chief also said the strong labor market providedanother reason to raise rates. The U.S. Economy is adding about 20000jobs each month.1.What is the news report mainly about?2 . What do we learn about the target inflation rate set by the central bank? News Report TwoThe campaign group Amnesty International says it has evidencesthat Russian air strikes in Syria since September have killed hundreds of civilians, causing widespread to basic facilities. Amnesty suggests the strikes are in violations of international humanitarian law and accuses Russia of attempting a cover-up. After interviewing witnesses, doctorsand human rights groups, Amnesty reports that homes and hospitals were hit as well as a market and a Muslim building. In most cases, the location and timing of the attacks correspond with Russian defense ministry reports on air strikes though it says it was targeting so-called IS. Militants. Despite dropping thousands of bombs in Syria, Russian officials have never acknowledged causing any civilian casualties there. There were proud of their effective pinpoints strikes against terrorists and had dismissed previous claims to the country as part of an anti-Russian information war by the west3.What did Amnesty International say about the Russian air strikes?4.What was Russia’s reaction towards civilian casualties?News Report ThreeRoad traffic crashes kill 1.25 million people each year worldwide. But the Word Health Organization (WHO) say they are preventable.The report surveyed 180 countries, and it shows the number of annual deaths from traffic crashes is stabilizing. [5]And that is good news the number of motor vehicles grows worldwide.But the data also show that road crashes are the No.1 cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29. Young adults around the world are the worst driving risks. Even in the U.S., drivers aged 15 to 24 accountfor about 30 percent of all driving-related accidents.The WHO report also finds a big gap in road safety and deaths between poor and rich countries. Poor countries have only 54 percent of world’s vehicles. But those countries have some of the worse safety statistics in the report.‘‘Africa has only two percent of the word’s vehicles, but has the highest death rat e on the road. ’’ That is what Etienne Krug, the head of theWHO Department of Non-communicable Diseases, says. Sweden, the Netherlands and the United kingdom are leaders in preventing traffic deaths. The highest death rates are in Africa and the Middle East.5.Why is the survey result good news?6.What does the survey report show?7.What do we learn about the road crashes in poor countries?Conversation OneW: Hi, Mr. Johnson. When do you usually get up?M:I usually get up about five ,and then go for jog before breakfast, We usually have breakfast at around 6:30. Then I have time to read the papers. W: Which paper do you read?M: Well, the Financial Times, the Times and the Independent. I don’t exactly read them from cover to cover.W: I see.M: After reading. I have for the office. I’m usually behind my desk by 7:30. The first job of the day is the post. My secretary sorts out those letters which need immediate attention. Then at about 9:00, I have a daily meeting with my deputy. We run through the agenda for the day.W: What’s a typical day like?M: Well, there’s no such things as a typical day, but I have regular morning meetings with my Finance and Sales Directors. Of course, I travel a lot , then I keep up-to-date by telephone.W: What about lunch?M: I try to have lunch in the company canteen as often as possible. Of course, sometimes I have lunch out with some customers.W: What about the afternoons?M: I often go down to our plant and see how things are going. We have weekly management committee meetings on Friday afternoon. Then there are monthly board meetings, usually the first Monday of the month.W: When do you finish work?M: At about seven. If there is nothing evening, I’ll go home. More often than not, there’s a dinner engagement.W: All right, thank you for accepting my interview, Mr. Johnson.8.What does Mr. Johnson usually do before breakfast?9.What is Mr. Johnson’s first job in his office?10.W hat is Mr. Johnson’s typical day like?11.W hat does Mr. Johnson do on Friday afternoon/Conversation TwoW: Hello?M: Hi, Jessica?W: Oh, hi, Mike. What’s up?M: [12]Sorry to call you so lat but I’m having trouble with the math assignment.W: Don’t worry, it’s not that bad. But I do have to say that I haven’t worked this hard on an assignment all term. I’ve already spent more than two hours on it and I’m still not halfway through it.M: Well, that’s still farther than I’ve gotten. I have no idea even where to start. I was thinking about calling Professor Johnson.W: Now? [13]But the assignment’s due tomorrow.He’ll wonder why you waited until now to ask for help.M: This always happens. I mean, when I first got the assignment, [14]I thought it looked OK and I figured I could do it in two hours. But now, it turn s out I can’t even figure out how to get started.W: Oh… well, [15]do you want to come over? I could show you what I’ve worked out so far, and then we could work on the rest together.M: Are you sure? I hate to interrupt you. I don’t want to hold you back.W: It’s OK, I’m sick of working on it alone. And anyway, if I’m thinking out loud, it’ll probably help clarify the most difficult parts for me, too. Headed for another bad grade.W: No problem.M: See you in a few minutes.W: Okay. Bye.12 Why does the man call the woman?13 When will the speakers have to hand in the assignment?14 What do we know about the man?15 How does the woman respond to the man’s problem?Passage OneSome kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. [16]Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effect of training can last for many years after that training has ended.[17]Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them. The people were part of the ten-year research project. They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.More than 2,800 volunteered for the study. Most studied when they were than 70 years old. The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities. One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning.[18]A third group received help with speed-of-processing-speed of receiving and understanding information . A fourth group-the control group did not get any training.Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years .Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, [19] the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later. Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group. [19]They are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fast, that’s exactly what they found.16. What can improve mental skills according to the research?17. What was the purpose of Johns Hopkins University’s research?18. What does the term speed-of-processing refer to?19. What do we learn about the effects of most training?Passage TwoSingapore has topped 131 cities globally to beco me the world’s most expensive city to live this year, ac-cording to the Economist Intelligence Unit. [20]The city’s strong currency combined with the high cost of running a car and soaring utility bills contributed to Singapore topping the list. It is also the most expensive place in the world to buy clothes.[21]Singapore replaces Tokyo, which topped the list last year. Other cities making up the top five most expensive cities to live in are Paris, Oslo, Zurich and Sydney, with Tokyo falling to sixth place. The EIU’s Worldwide Cost of Living Survey is a relocation tool that uses New York City as a base. It looks at more than 400 individual prices. The editor of the report Jon Copestake said , improving sentiment in structurally expensive European cities combined with the continued rise of Asian cities means that that these two regions continue to supply most of the world’s most expensive cities. But Asian cities also continue to make up many of the world’s cheapest, especially in the Indian areas.[22]Most Asian cities that top the list are there for mainly higher costs of groceries. Tokyo is still at the top of the list for everyday food items.20.What contributed to Singapore being one of the world’s most expensive cities to live in?21.What city topped the list last year?22.What is the main reason that most Asian cities top the list? Passage Three[23]According to new research by British scientists, teens who don’t smoke, drink only moderately or not at all, and who don’t eat much junk food tend to be happier than other teens. The study looked at 40,000 British households and came up with some interesting findings. For example, kids who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report higher on happiness than kids who drank. And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on happiness charts compared to kids who don’t smoke. Same goes for diet and physical activity. The more fruits and vegetables kids ate, and the more hours they spent playing sports, the happier they were.Now, of course this doesn’t mean that not smoking or drinking, and playing sports guarantees happiness. [24]It could be that kids who have happy characters tend to be more active and less inclined to drink or smoke. And it could equally be the case that kids who are unhappy are more likely to drink and smoke and eat junk food, instead of the other way around.[25]Other studies have shown that exercise is a proven way to fend off and treat anxiety and depression. Future studies may support the notion that other healthful behaviors, including keeping away from smoking, drinking, and eating too much junk, can ward off sadness and boost happiness, too.23. Who are more likely to be happier according to the study?精品文档24. What can we infer from the research?25. What is a proven way to get rid of anxiety?收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。

Model Test N i n ePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.4.A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B)More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A) It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.B)More security guards. D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.10.A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A) Join the man to watch a match. B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match. D) Join the man to play in a match. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) An interview between a customer and a shopping a ssistant.B)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.15.A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A) They are rocky planets . B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water. D) They are covered by sea ice.18.A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers. D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.I) flexibility J) identical K) informed L) likely M) mistake N) selectively O) shapingA) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) fact24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didn’t know their politic al affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving th em more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.Section BHow to Fix the Internet[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or pi ece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases, you could do it anonymously.[F]For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New Yorker cart oon, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying , and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃圾邮件) ，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Pla to’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and you’re invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’ works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]M ost internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.[L]S o the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]T he benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but becauseproblems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators ( 捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph, .A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A. To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors. B) Putting minors in danger.C) Spreading falsehoods and rumors. D) Leaki ng users’ personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is .A)objective B) positive C) negative D) impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple, but not easy-it requires resolve. Yet, despite the key culprit (罪犯) in the UK being well known-diesel (柴油机的) vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have been illegally high across much of the UK since 2010. In 2015 86% of major urban areas broke annual limits. Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally, only for the Treasury to reject most of them, arguing they “ would be political ly very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air. Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December, officials there swung into action. Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates. In the UK, during the same December smog, the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road. The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal. The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph？A)It is a piece of cake. B) It needs political will.C) It is the main problem. D) It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is .A)to reduce diesel emissions B) to encourage the use of old carsC) to retire low-end old vehicles D) to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury .A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones. C) Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes. D) Posting several announcements on Twitter.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）,用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（colored glaze）、珍珠等物品。

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023 年9 月测试英语试卷本试卷共150 分，考试时间100 分钟。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分45 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AHello, everyone. Welcome to our school. Now let’s take a look at some interesting school publications.ColumbusIt is our literary magazine; the name shows the place where we live. Editorial training includes developing skills for critical evaluation of student creative writing. Published twice yearly, many student contributors are also recognized as Scholastic Writing Awards winners.DiversionIt is our language publication. Published annually, it features student work presented in Mandarin, French, and Spanish. Working with advisors who teach these languages, student editors help in presentin g their classmates’ work including poems, essays, short stories, comic strips（连环画）and art. Diversion is often used by our language teachers in the classroom as well.The BrunerIt is Trinity’s yearbook. Serving the entire school, it is a yearly testament（证明）to the many aspects of Trinity life. Editorial positions are named in May, allowing editors to attend a two-day summer conference at NYU. This conference allows students to develop their capability to acquire knowledge before the start of the school year. Work on the yearbook begins immediately thereafter, as students work to create an impressive K-12 publication.The Trinity TimesIt is the upper school newspaper, written, edited, photographed and produced entirely by students as an extracurricular activity. Current sections of the paper include Arts and Innovation, Trinity Life, NY Culture, Science, Opinion and Editorial, and Sports. The editorial policy is generally determined by the editorial staff and their faculty advisor.How often does Diversion come outA．Once a month. B．Once a year. C．Twice a month. D．Twice a year. What is the purpose of the summer conference at NYU？A．To make editorial policy.To present students’ poems and essays.To cultivate students’ ability gain knowledge.To develop student s’ skills for critical evaluation.Which publication are students responsible for A．Columbus. B．Diversion. C．The Bruner. D．The Trinity Times. BWhen my daughter was seven years old, she came home from soccer practice clearly downhearted. When pressed, she told me what a teammate said: Her teeth were too yellow. My heart broke for her. As parents, we strive to keep our children safe, but we can’t always be there to protect our kids from unkind words. I tried to comfort my daughter. I told her that she has a beautiful smile with nice, strong, healthy teeth. I explained why she shouldn’t let someone else’s criticisms define her. On the inside, though, I worried. From my youth, I’ve struggled with the concept that my self-worth was directly related to my physical appearance. The idea began when I was eight years old, with small, hurtful words, and grew into a beast that I still battle even today.When I became a mom, I was terrified that this concept would take root in my daughter. I wanted to protect her little ears from harsh words that might influence her idea of self-worth. I wanted to shield her little eyes from unrealistic beauty standards promoted by magazines, television, and movies. I wanted to guard her little heart from being broken by the notion that s he didn’t measure up insome way.On social media, the battle became exceptionally greater. Every day we are bombarded with people living their “best life”, all told through filters which only highlight the “best” parts: Best angles, best locations, best outfits, and best hair. Rarely do we get a glimpse of reality. On social media, outer beauty controls everything.How, then, can we teach our kids that they are much more than their appearance We can start by modeling kindness, empathy, and self-acceptance in our own lives. Kids are incredible mimics（模仿者）, so be mindful of what you say, even when you think your kids aren’t listening. If we are constantly putting ourselves down, our kids will follow suit. Instead, adopt a positive attitude when it comes to your own self- worth. Additionally, strive to teach your children to see the inner beauty in themselves and in others. There’s beauty in strength, goodness, gentleness, perseverance, and kindness. Praise kids for their acts of kindness, like sharing with a friend or helping a family member without being asked, and talk to them about how it makes them feel.How did the author react to her daughter’s trouble(AThrilled.B．Apologetic. C．Sorrowful. D．Curious.) (A．Cure.B．Fix.C．Broaden. DProtect.)What does the underlined word probably mean in paragraph 2 6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3A．People like to share their privacy in social media. B．Everything in social media is not true.Social media reflects an unrealistic world.People attach more importance to their physical appearance. What should parents do to their kidsTell them to behave themselves.Praise their kids for their appearance.Set a positive example for their kids.Encourage their kids to ignore the outer beauty.CPeople hate mosquitoes due to their blood-sucking tendencies. Scientists, too, are troubled by mosquitoes and have been researching ways to keep them away. A team of researchers from Virginia Tech in the US looked into different kinds of soap. They invited volunteers to test how four different soap flavors attract mosquitoes.After analyzing the mosquitoes’ behavior, the researchers discovered several chemicals in the soap that can influence themosquitoes’ “choice of food”. Two chemicals, one with the smell of coconut and the other with the scent of flowers, can keep the insects away.The team also found that what matters to mosquitoes is not just the chemicals, but rather the combination of chemicals with each person’s smell. For example, people who attract mosqui toes can be more attractive to them after using one type of soap. They can also repel（驱除）mosquitoes by using another kind of soap. The findings were “remarkable”, said senior author Clement Vinauger in a news release, adding that he would choose a coconut-scented soap to keep mosquitoes away.How these insects manage to find humans has also made scientists curious. According to a new study published in Current Biology, researchers built a “canteen” for hundreds of mosquitoes. In the 20-by-20- meter facility, there were six pads that had the smell of different humans. The pads were heated to mimic sleeping humans. They found that the insects can track scents up to 60 meters. Also, mosquitoes are most attracted to a kind of chemical called carboxylic acid（羧酸）, which is usually produced by bacteria on human skin. The smell of one participant wasn’t attractive to the insects, and researchers believed it was due to the person’s diet, which is a mainly plant-based food.By analyzing the chemicals that either attract or repel mosquitoes, scientists are able to improve mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）. With more studies, scientists believe changing a person’s diet could one day make them “mosquito-proof”. This is especially beneficial for regions where mosquitoes carry diseases, such as malaria, CNN reported.What did the researchers from Virginia Tech try to find outHow many soap flavors attract mosquitoes.What soap scents can help avoid mosquitoes.Why mosquitoes prefer certain soap flavors.What kind of people attracts mosquitoes most.What kind of smell may help chase the mosquitoes away A．Human skin. B．Grass. C．Carboxylic acid. D．Coconut.What did scientists discover in their studiesA．People’s diet can account for mosquitoes’ bites. B．Mosquitoes are attracted by each per son’s smell.The scent of flowers is most appealing to mosquitoes.Using soap when washing is an effective way to keep mosquitoes away.What is the best title of the passageHow to Kill MosquitoesWhat Kind of Soap Is Most UsefulSoap Science Beats away Bug BitesUsing Soap Is of Great SignificanceDRoughly translated as “cuteness”, kawaii is one of the most frequently used Japanese words. In a broader sense, it describes the culture of celebrating all things adorable and treating fictional characters as the representation of positivity. The concept has spread through many aspects of modern life, including art, fashion, technology, and even food.Japan’s kawaii culture is believed to have begun in the 1970s when teenagers developed their own childlike handwriting. Given a variety of names, including marui ji (round writing), koneko ji (kitten writing), and burikko ji (fake-child writing), it features curvy, noodle-like lines next to hearts, stars, and cartoon faces. People believe that this new cute style allowed the youth of the time to express their individual characteristics. In 1974, Japanese stationery brand Sanrio launched its iconic character, Hello Kitty. The super-cute white cat— with no mouth and a pink bow — was first printed onto a coin purse. Almost 55 years later, Hello Kitty is recognized all over the world, has been placed on countless products, and even has her own themed bullet train. In 2008, Japan named Hello Kitty as theirofficial tourism ambassador, inviting the rest of the world to cel ebrate the country’s proud kawaii identity. Since Hello Kitty, many producers have developed cute characters who, although are fictional, have also become pop signs.Kawaii doesn’t just apply to fictional characters, it also materializes in real life as a fashionable subculture. In Japan, there are several styles that are based on the idea of kawaii. Lolita fashion, for example, finds inspiration from the Victorian and Rococo period and consists of rich details, including fine bows. Related to this style is Sweet Lolita, which includes outfits that are even more “feminine”. The trend also involves turning basic packed lunches —comprising rice, fish or meat, and vegetables —into adorable works of art. Kawaii’s influence has resulted in two distinct bento （便当）box styles: Kyaraben (character bento) or oekakiben (picture bento).”What can we learn about kawaii according to the first paragraphIt is the most frequently used Japanese word.It is applied to almost all walks of life.It stands for various Japanese cultures.Both positive and negative things are related to it.What do people think of the early childlike handwriting A．Funny. B．Lifelike. C．Conventional. D．Personalized.What happened in Japan after Hello Kitty came onto the marketIt promoted local tourism.Japan’s economy was boosted greatly.It enjoyed popularity both at home and abroad.Other cute characters are no equal to Hello Kitty.Why does the author mention Lolita fashionTo illustrate Kawaii has an effect on the fashion trend.To describe Japanese passion for fashion.To introduce a new style of fictional character.To prove it has become a popular sign.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Model Test 1Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。

11 A) Catch a cold.B) Hurry to catch the bus.C) Sit next to the bus stop.D) Fix his torn sleeve.12A) Lily no longer lives in Boston.B) Lily doesn’t know how to economize.C) The woman called Lily in New York.D) The woman didn’t ever meet Lily.13A) Go to London.B) Spend the weekend at home.C) Go to Berlin.D) Visit her cousin.14A) To sell it to others.B) To make others interested in it.C) To throw it away.D) To ask Bill and Betty whether they want to have it.15A) The shopping list.B) Changing the curtains.C) What they need.D) Their economical condition.16A) Big parties are more impersonal than small ones.B) She prefers small parties.C) She likes big parties better.D) The party is too noisy.17A) Ann is serious about Bob.B) Bob is serious about Ann.C) Ann is not serious about Bob.D) Bob is not serious about Sally.18A) $20. B) $15. C) $24. D) $21.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It’s too noisy.B) It’s not convenient to the university.C) The heating system is defective.D) The owner is unpleasant.20. A) Tell the owner two months in advance that she is moving.B) Alerting the housing authorities to her problem.C) Move to another apartment in the same building.D) Leave the end of the month.21. A) Rent would be very expensive.B) Public transportation wouldn’t be available.C) Apartment complexes in Winsor are old.D) Apartments in Winsor tend to be noisy.22. A) There is nothing special.B) They are new and functional.C) The walls are thin and you can hear everything from the next door.D) It is very noisy around.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) At Beijing City Tour Information Services.B) In Australia.C) At Beijing Hotel.D) In the Forbidden City.24. A) Tiananmen Square and the Palace Museum.B) The Summer Palace and the Yuanmin Garden.C) The Forbidden City and Chang’an Street.D) The Suburbs of Beijing.25. A) He can take No. 101 bus from the hotel.B) He can take a subway train.C) He can take the shuttle bus directly to the Summer Palace.D) All above are correct.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。

2、model的rules验证规则model的rules验证规则是指在使用模型进行数据验证时所遵循的规则。

在开发过程中，数据验证是非常重要的一环，它可以确保输入的数据符合预期的格式和规范，提高系统的稳定性和安全性。

本文将介绍一些常见的model的rules验证规则，并详细解释其作用和使用方法。

1. 必填规则（required rule）必填规则是最基本的验证规则，它要求指定的字段不能为空。

当用户未填写必填字段时，系统会自动提示用户进行填写。

在使用框架自带的验证器时，可以通过在验证器规则中加入'required'来实现必填规则的验证。

2. 数据类型规则（data type rule）数据类型规则用于验证输入数据的类型是否正确。

例如，当我们需要验证一个字段是否为整数类型时，可以使用'int'规则来进行验证。

系统会自动检查输入的数据是否为整数类型，如果不是，则会给出相应的错误提示。

3. 字符长度规则（string length rule）字符长度规则用于限制输入字段的字符长度。

例如，我们可以使用'min:2|max:10'规则来验证某个字段的字符长度必须在2到10之间。

当用户输入的字符长度不符合要求时，系统会给出相应的错误提示。

4. 唯一性规则（unique rule）唯一性规则用于验证某个字段的值在数据库中是否唯一。

例如，我们可以使用'unique:users,email'规则来验证用户的邮箱是否已经存在于数据库中。

如果存在相同的邮箱，则系统会提示用户进行修改。

5. 正则表达式规则（regular expression rule）正则表达式规则用于验证输入数据是否符合指定的正则表达式格式。

例如，我们可以使用'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/'规则来验证某个字段是否只包含字母和数字。

如果输入的数据不符合正则表达式的格式要求，则系统会给出错误提示。

Model Test 参考答案Model Test 1 参考答案Part I WritingMy View on Part-time JobsIt is quite common that many college students now take part-time jobs in their spare time. However, there is still a controversy about whether it is good or not. Some people think that taking a part-time job certainly brings some benefits to students.In the first place, it is good and effective for college students to get to know the society and learn how to get along with different kinds of people. What's more, taking a part-time job provides students with a golden opportunity to get some work experience, which will make them more competitive in the job market in the future. Finally, students can make some money, which can help to lessen their families' financial burdens.Of course, there are also some problems arising from students' taking part-time jobs. First, some students may spend too much time on their part-time jobs, then neglect their studies. Second, some students may be cheated by others since they are not mature enough to make correct judgments.As for me, I hold the view that college students need to have more access to the outside world. However, they should balance their social practices and academic studies. After all, they should know what their main task is.范文点评本文题目为“我对兼职工作的看法”，从三个提纲来看，有些人认为大学生找兼职工作可以了解社会、积累经验等，有些人认为兼职工作影响学习，据此判断此题为正反观点论证题，要求考生在论证两方观点后要提出自己的看法。

1.单词辨析：predecessor、successor与processor。

三词意思有明显区别。

predecessor指前辈；successor指后继者；processor指处理器。

2.同上：overdue、overdose与overtax。

其中overdue指事件逾期；overdose常指药剂服用过量；overtax常指工作负荷过重。

3.有关“result”的短语。

“result from”指由……导致；“result in”指导致……；另外再补充一个短语：’acquaint sb. with sth ‘指熟悉某人某物；被动语态为“sb. be acquainted with sth”.4.关于“throw”的短语：“throw away”指抛弃、扔掉；“throw out”指拒绝接收；“throw off”指摆脱，从……中恢复；“throw up”指产生、带来；“throw back at someone”指说某人过去的坏事以羞辱某人；“throw in”随意介入（谈话）等。

5.词义辨析：sensory、sensible、sensitive与sensational. “sensory”指感官上的、感觉上的；“sensible”指合情合理的；“sensitive”指敏感的，常用短语“be sensitive to ”;“sensational”指轰动的（事件）。

6.有关几个动词的用法：write、smell、taste、touch等（此处用法较特殊，只是引起大家的注意）。

通常下：“说笔很容易写”应为，The pen writes easily. (这类词遇到此种情况一般不会用被动)。

例如：The meal smells good. This cake tastes delicious.等7.四个词组辨析：”rather than”指而不是……；“other than”指除过……；”less than”指不足……；“more than”指超过、非常。