英国教育体系介绍24页PPT

maters)
Attendance
93%
Teaching Staff and Facilities
Graduates
7%
Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities.
Students from the public
schools are more promising,
❖ At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education中学毕业证书) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job.
❖ There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years.
❖ Prep Schools (预备学校) (from 7/8 to 13)
(separate; fees; entrance exam )
.
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Secondary Schools
❖ State Schools (93%)
1. Comprehensive Schools (综合中学) (84%)
(No entrance exam, general education)

改进与问责
对于评估结果未达标的 学校，英国政府采取措 施进行改进，并对未履 行职责的学校进行问责 。
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英国教育的文化背景
教育与文化的关系
教育作为文化的传承
英国教育深受其传统文化影响，如古典文学、艺术、语言等， 这些文化元素在教育体系中得到传承和发扬。
文化对教育的影响
英国的教育理念、教学方法和课程设置等都受到其文化背景的影 响，形成了具有特色的教育体系。
交流与合作的促进
英国学校积极开展国际交流与合作项目，为学生提供更多的国际 视野和跨文化沟通技巧。
培养全球意识
通过跨文化教育体验和交流，英国学生能够更好地理解和尊重其 他国家和文化，培养全球意识。
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英国教育的未来展望
教育技术的发展趋势
数字化和在线教育
英国教育将进一步推进数字化和在线教育，开发更多的在线课程 和虚拟学习资源，为学生提供更灵活的学习方式。
小学教育的目标是为学生打下坚实的基础知识，培养他 们的学习能力和社交技能，为将来的学习和工作做好准 备。
中学教育
阶段概述
英国的中学教育通常从11岁开始，一直到16岁，共5年。这个阶段强调学术和职业技能的 培养，为学生未来的学习和职业生涯做好准备。
教育特点
中学教育更加注重学术和职业技能的培养，课程设置更加专业化，包括数学、科学、英语 、历史、地理等。同时，学校还会为学生提供各种课外活动，培养学生的领导能力和团队 合作精神。
个性化学习
借助大数据和人工智能技术，英国教育将更加注重个性化学习， 根据每个学生的学习特点和需求，提供定制化的教学方案。
混合学习
英国教育将采用更多的混合学习模式，将线上和线下学习相结合 ，以提高学生的学习效果和兴趣。

英国小学教师及时向学生和家长提 供反馈和指导，帮助学生发现自己 的不足之处，提出改进建议。
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英国的中学教育
中学教育的目标
培养学生的学术能力
通过提供高质量的教育，培养学生的学术素养和思维能力，为未 来的高等教育打下基础。
培养学生的社会能力
通过参与课外活动、志愿服务等，培养学生的团队合作、领导力和 社交技巧。
实践教学
英国高等教育注重实践教学，通过实验、项目、实习等方 式，让学生在实际操作中学习和掌握知识，提高实践能力 和创新能力。
合作式教学
英国高等教育提倡合作式教学，通过团队合作、跨学科合 作等方式，培养学生的团队协作和沟通能力，促进知识交 流和创新。
高等教育课程设置
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核心课程
英国高等教育设置核心课程，涵盖学科基础知识 和理论体系，为学生打下扎实的学科基础。
专业课程
英国高等教育根据专业方向设置专业课程，注重 学科深度和广度，满足学生专业发展的需求。
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选修课程
英国高等教育提供丰富的选修课程，学生可以根 据兴趣和职业规划选择相关课程，拓展知识面和 技能。
高等教育的评价与反馈
考试和考核
英国高等教育采用考试和考核相结合的方式，评价学生的学习成果和学术水平 。考试通常采用闭卷形式，考核则包括课程论文、实验报告等形式。
的不同需求。
中学教育的课程设置
核心课程
包括数学、英语、科学、历史、地理等基础学科 ，为学生提供全面的基础知识。
选修课程
学生可以根据兴趣和职业规划选择一些专业课程 ，如艺术、音乐、体育等。
实践课程
学生参与实践活动、实验和研究项目，培养实践 能力和创新精神。
中学教育的评价与反馈
考试评价

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The National Curriculum
❖ English
❖ Science
❖ Design & Technology ❖ Art
❖ Geography
❖ Physical Education
❖ Mathematics
❖ History
❖ Information Technology
❖ Modern Foreign Language
2. Grammar Scห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ools
(“the 11plus” examination, preparing pupils with academic potential for higher education)(3%)
3. Secondary Modern Schools (7%) ❖ Public Schools = Independent Schools (7%)
❖ Prep Schools (预备学校) (from 7/8 to 13) (separate; fees; entrance exam )
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Secondary Schools
❖ State Schools (93%) 1. Comprehensive Schools (84%)
(No entrance exam, general education)
❖ Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools (many are private).

《1944年教育法》的颁布，为战后英国教育发展提供了一个 总的法律框架，具有划时代的意义。
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2．中等教育三轨制的确立 1945年，英国教育部正式确立了中等教育三轨制原
则。在一般的情况下，现代中学应占70％～75％，剩 下的25％～30％由文法中学和技术中学以适当的比例 加以分配。 3．《罗宾斯报告》和高等教育大发展 1963年，高等教育委员会发表了题为《高等教育》的 报告，提出发展高等教育的基本原则应是“所有具备 入学能力和资格并希望接受高等教育的青年都应获得 接受高等教育的机会”，并建议大力扩充高等教育。 揭开了60年代英国高等教育大发展的序幕。
罗宾斯报告和高等教育大发展1963年高等教育委员会发表了题为高等教育的报告提出发展高等教育的基本原则应是所有具备入学能力和资格并希望接受高等教育的青年都应获得接受高等教育的机会并建议大力扩充高等教育
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一、英国的基本概况
（一）英国的地理位置 （二）英国的政治与经济 （三）英国的历史与文化
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第二次世界大战前的英国教育史
在师范教育方面，根据1902年的巴尔福法案，各 地方政府单独开设师范学校，原来的训练学院有的升 格为教育学院。由于地方大学相继建立，它们也负担 了部分师范教育的任务。有些大学办起了教育系，招 大学本科毕业生，给予一年的教育专业训练，可到中 学任教。
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在高等教育方面，原来的地方大学，如利物浦学 院等都陆续改为大学，发展成为高等科技学校。伦敦 大学规模更大，拥有三十多个学院。
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大力推进国家创新系统的完善： (1)需要大力提高企业,尤其是中小型企业中相对
较少的知识创新活动;(2)加强研发基地(如大学、科研 机构)与企业之间的联系;(3)明确未来创新国家中所需 要的各种技能并提供高素质的劳动力。

Widely Held Beliefs
❖ Firstly, “the best way to ensure good results is to vest (赋予) responsibility for a job in an individual body and then allow it to go in its own way, intervening (干预) only if it’s manifestly (显而易见地) not performing its job properly.”
Tuition fees; Endowments (捐 赠) or donations from society (esp. alumni to their alma maters)
Attendance
93%
Teaching Staff and Facilities
Graduates
7%
Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities.
State Primary School → Comprehensive School (84%), Grammar School (3%) or Secondary Modern School (7%) 2.Public Schools/ Independent Schools (独立学 校/公学):
Public Schools
❖ In the UK private schools are confusingly called public schools!
❖ Only enroll pupils from prep schools.
❖ History

➢The comparison of these two nations’ education
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The Purposes of the
British Education System
“The three R’s” —reading, writing and arithmetic”
to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society .
British Education System ——presenter
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Main Points
➢The purposes of the British education system and the comment on them
➢The main purposes of the Chinese education system
ecБайду номын сангаасnomy.
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My Comment on These Purposes
• To develop students’ creativity and imagination
• To have better communication skills to getting along with different people
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The Main Purposes of the Chinese Education System
To pass the exams
To let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make life

Similarities
Both countries have vocational schools providing study and training for those who want to follow a certain career instead of seeking university education. And China’s TV and Radio University more or less share the same features as the Open University in Britai来自.similarities
General Education System —— The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They both have primary schooling, secondary and university education. Pupils in the UK who hope to attend university have to sit A-levels exams called the General Certificate of Education-Advanced. To a great degree, this is almost the same as the College Entrance Examination in china.
The Main Purposes of the Chinese Education System
To pass the exams
To let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make life

Introduction to British and American Culture
Types of Secondary Schools
Comprehensive schools
◆ They were established before 1960. ◆ Such schools provide general education.
◆ Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance.
Introduction to British and American Culture
Introduction to British and American Culture
Famous Universities
The University of Oxford
◆ The oldest university in the Englishspeaking world
◆ Teaching existed at Oxford in 1096
Introduction to British and American Culture
Two Sections
Infant section: for ages 5 to 7 Junior section: for ages 7 to 11
State Schools
They are funded by local and central governments.
Introduction to British and American Culture

1. Educational Policy 2. Educational System
Primary and secondary Education ◆Higher Education ◆Famous Universities
◆
Educational Policy
Different Choice In Different Time
Voluntary Education
自愿去上学
1870 Compulsory Education Grammar school:文法学校 Vocational school:职业学校
1960s
Compulsory Education Comprehensive school：综合学校 Four Stages
Educational System
Higher Education
发
◆ In the 1960s there
was a
展
large expansion. ◆ In 1992, Polytechnics(工艺专 科院校) were given rights to become universities.
12th and 13th centuries
15th and 16th centuries
19th and 20th centuries
Educational System
Higher Education ◆ Universities are legally independent and enjoy complete academic. ◇ appoint their own staff ◇ decide which students to admit ◇ provide their own courses ◇ award their own degree ◆ Degrees are awarded according to students’ performance. ◇ first degree—Bachelor of Arts or Science— 3 years. ◇ Master’ degree —in Arts or Science— 1 year. ◇ A doctoral degree — 3~4 years. ◆ Colleges play an important part in the British higher education system. ◇ they vary greatly in size and range of discipline. ◇ some specialize in certain fields. ◇ some are multi-disciplinary(多学科的).