Unit2 物流主体功能

简述物流的基本功能要素物流的基本功能要素包括运输、仓储、包装、装卸和信息处理。

以下将分别对这些要素进行简要介绍。

1. 运输：运输是物流的核心功能之一，指的是将货物从一个地点运送到另一个地点的过程。

运输方式多种多样，包括公路运输、铁路运输、水路运输和航空运输等。

不同的运输方式有其各自的特点和适用范围，可以根据货物的性质、数量和时效要求来选择合适的运输方式。

2. 仓储：仓储是指对货物进行储存和管理的过程。

仓储的目标是确保货物的安全、完整和易于管理。

仓储可以分为不同的类型，如原材料仓储、半成品仓储和成品仓储等。

在仓储过程中，需要考虑货物的存放方式、货架的设计、库存管理和货物的保护措施等。

3. 包装：包装是指对货物进行包装和封装的过程。

包装的主要目的是保护货物免受损坏和污染，以及方便运输和储存。

包装可以分为内包装和外包装两个层次，内包装主要保护货物本身，外包装则用于包裹和保护内包装。

包装的选择应根据货物的性质、运输方式和储存条件等因素进行。

4. 装卸：装卸是指将货物从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式或从运输工具上卸下的过程。

装卸需要使用各种设备和工具，如起重机、叉车和输送带等。

装卸的目标是高效、安全地完成货物的转运和搬运，减少货物的损失和延误。

5. 信息处理：信息处理是指对物流活动中产生的各种信息进行收集、分析和处理的过程。

信息处理的目标是实现物流活动的高效、准确和及时。

信息处理可以涉及到订单管理、库存管理、运输跟踪和客户服务等方面。

随着信息技术的不断发展，物流信息系统的建设和应用已成为物流管理中的重要组成部分。

运输、仓储、包装、装卸和信息处理是物流的基本功能要素。

这些要素相互依存、相互作用，共同构成了物流系统，实现了货物的流动和价值的创造。

通过合理的规划和管理，可以提高物流效率，降低物流成本，为经济发展和社会生活提供了重要的支撑。

Give the translation to the following terms or short passages Cross docking 直接换装Material handling 物料输送Within the confines of facilities 在设施的范围Space outBunch ordervoucher 凭证激励机制惩罚制度奖金Bonus返还返还本金Peak波峰波谷走平下降大幅下降Lead to increase =Account for the phenomenon that ...Specific data including ....Order management is 关键环节物流节点物流的整合/一体化？Food Forum: Going with the flowThe industry continues to trend toward fresh, yet some grocers seem reticent to embrace the technology that would allow them to really profit.The grocery industry is moving toward fresh for several reasons. First, consumers have become more discriminating shoppers. This is partly due to the ongoing trend of foodies who are better educated about food and have been early promoters of locally grown produce and farmers’ markets.The rapid growth in organic foods has further segmented the market and often drawn away the most profitable shoppers from traditional grocers to more specialized stores. And of course, profits are the second—and probably the most important—season grocers are going fresh.Mark-ups are also much better on produce, meats and bakery than in any other area of the store so the longer fresh product can stay on the shelves, the better the chance to sell it. Each day these products are left sitting in a warehouse reduces the opportunity to sell them.Research tells us the two main reasons someone shops at a particular store are the appeal of the storefront itself along with the fresh areas of the store. This information has not been lost on Winn-Dixie, which several years ago realized it was losing many of its higher-end fresh shoppers because the stores appeared old and worn, and so did the perishable products. After extensive research, Winn-Dixie redesigned its storefronts to be more open and appealing and re-designed the interiors to be brighter and nicer with a strong emphasis on large, inviting fresh departments.So while a growing segment of the industry is moving toward fresh, many are trying to do it using stale techniques and processes. It is difficult to increase shelf life with the same manual steps of receiving product, slotting, picking and shipping—not to mention the number of touches each product is subject to before it arrives in the store. Imagine, if instead of receiving product and keeping it in the warehouse until you receive orders, you knew exactly what product was coming in when, based upon demand, and could move it from receiving to delivery in just hours, rather than days? This is just one benefit of flow distribution that is making fresh a reality in the grocery industry.If fresh is your objective, then flow distribution is the way to get there. Flow jumpstarts your entire warehouse operation, removes unnecessary touches and smoothes out labor crunches, resulting in more efficient and cost-effective inventory control—while adding days of shelf life to fresh product. It starts with Advanced Shipping Notices (ASNs) that the industry has tended to avoid for fresh because of the perceived technology investment required to employ the benefits of ASNs.However, grocers can request that ASNs be created by vendors and/or farmers and provided in advance of any shipment. The ASN label affixed to the product box can include lot numbers, expiration and code dates, as well as a list of specific contents. This is agame-changer. Suddenly you have total visibility of your orders. You know when they will arrive and can now plan your labor accordingly, unraveling the congestion and minimizing idle time. This evens out the crunches and reduces overtime, staffing levels and overhead. Knowing when and where your fresh produce is at all times also allows you to better schedule receiving as well as deliveries to the stores. Such knowledge means you can better plan dock capacity, driver and equipment availability, increasing efficiency and further reducing overhead.By employing technology that permits ASNs, you can also utilize RF (radio frequency) handheld devices that scan the ASN label and immediately record vital information. This alone reduces the potential for error and exponentially increases the speed and efficiency of receiving and tracking. You will still do validation, but as you work with ASNs you will find validation is more and more simple.When it comes to produce, you are always fighting against the clock. Flow distribution is all about speeding fresh product into and out of the DC or warehouse. Using flow will enable you to utilize cross-docking, which plans for each shipment, so when it arrives it goes from the receiving dock to the shipping dock without stopping in the warehouse. This adds additional days of fresh, meaning more selling opportunities and a longer shelf life.Translate the following into English.新邦物流有限公司是一家集公路运输、航空货运代理、城际配送于一体的跨区域、网络型、信息化、并具有供应链管理能力的综合型物流企业。

物流主体功能与辅助功能(doc 8页)部门： xxx时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑单选8*2 简答5 论述2 案例分析1Unit1 导论1、物流的两大起源（选择）军事起源市场营销起源2、物流管理里重要学说军事起源说(Logistics Business Logistics)1905年，美军少校琼西·贝克尔（Chauncey B.Baker）在他所著《军队和军需品运输》一书中写道：“作战艺术的一个分支关于军队调动和保障供给的工作称为后勤”。

市场营销起源说（PD Logistics）关于物流的概念是1915年由阿奇·萧（Arch W. Shaw）提出的。

他在《市场分销中的若干问题》（Some Problems In Market Distribution，哈佛大学出版社1915年出版）首次提出了Physical Distribution的概念。

有的人把它译成“实体分销”，也有的译成“物流”，这就是最早的物流概念，其实质是“分销物流”。

第一，物流是国民经济的动脉，是连接国民经济各个部分的纽带。

第二，物流技术的进步与发展是决定国民经济生产规模和产业结构变化的重要因素。

第三，物流是企业不断进行生产的前提保证，又是实现商品流通的基础。

第一，合理的物流可以使商品的价值和使用价值得以实现。

第二，合理的物流可以最大限度地满足社会和劳动者的物质和文化的需要。

第三，合理的物流可以提高经济效益，起到第三利润源的作用。

）以上来自网络现代物流的作用：①保障再生产②更低的成本提供更好的服务③提高企业核心竞争力④增加效益物流管理的作用：①物流的经济效用：物流提供空间效用、时间效用与形质效用——通过运输、搬运、装卸等克服供需之间的空间距离，创造物品的空间效用——通过储存、保管克服供需之间的时间距离，创造物品的时间效用——通过流通加工等为客户提供增值服务，创造物品的形质效用——用时间消灭空间——用信息代替库存——用增值服务创造差异化优势②物流管理的宏观作用：完善产业结构——物流业属服务产业范畴减少社会总成本——物流成本占GDP的比重：美国不到10%；中国目前高达21.3%；2004年中国GDP达13万多亿元；如果物流成本占比下降2%，即可节约2600亿元。

物流运输系统各构成要素的功能1.货物：货物是物流运输系统的核心要素，其功能是满足人们的物质需求。

货物包括原材料、半成品和成品等各类商品。

在物流运输系统中，货物需要被妥善地包装、贮存、运输和配送，以保证其完整性和质量。

2.运输设施：运输设施包括道路交通、铁路交通、航空交通和水路交通等各种交通工具和基础设施，其功能是提供物流运输的基础设施和运输工具。

各种运输设施有不同的特点和适用范围，可以根据货物的特性和运输要求选择最佳的运输设施。

3.运输方式：运输方式是指在货物运输过程中选择的具体运输工具和运输路径等。

常见的运输方式包括公路运输、铁路运输、航空运输和水运输等。

选择适当的运输方式可以提高货物的运输效率和降低物流成本。

4.运输组织：运输组织是指根据货物的特性和运输需求，进行货物运输计划、组织调度和协调各个环节的部门或机构。

它的主要功能是对货物运输过程进行管理和控制，保证货物能够按时、安全、经济地到达目的地。

5.信息系统：信息系统是物流运输系统中的重要部分，其功能是对货物运输过程进行信息的采集、处理、传递和管理。

通过信息系统，可以实时监控货物的运输情况、掌握货物位置、提供运输时效性等信息，从而提高物流运输的效率和可靠性。

除了上述构成要素，物流运输系统还包括仓储设施和配送环节等。

仓储设施的功能是负责货物的储存、保管和管理，为物流运输系统提供适当的仓储场所和设备。

配送环节的功能是根据客户需求进行货物的配送和交付，包括最后一公里的配送和客户服务等。

总之，物流运输系统各构成要素在协同作用下，能够有效地满足人们对各类货物的运输需求，提高货物的运输效率和服务水平。

通过科学合理的规划和管理，可以优化物流运输系统的功能，提高物流运输的效益。