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1、Formal language and informal language 正式语言和非正式语言You probable have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage —a fomal level and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.你或许注意到人们会用不同的方式表达类似的观点，这取决于他们所处的环境。
这种现象很自然。
所有语言都有两个普遍的使用层次——正式层面和非正式层面。
英语也不例外。
两个层次的区别在于你使用语言的语境。
Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.正式语言是在课本、参考书和商业信函中出现的语言。
★精品文档十常见的英语问候语（正式与非正式场合的区别）我们读书时学过如何用英语打招呼问候，但是其实英语中的问候语有分正式和非正式场合，下面就来介绍下不同场合中如何用英语进行问候。
Greetings are used to say hello in English. It’s common to use different greetings depending on whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal greetings. If it ’s really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with people you do not know very well.在英语中，问候语被用跟别人打招呼。
根据与你会面的是朋友，家人还是商业伙伴，我们常会使用不同的问候语。
如果确实是在重要的场合，我们会使用正式的问候语。
正式的问候语也可以用于那些不太熟悉的人。
Greetings also depend on whether you are saying hello, or you are saying goodbye.在打招呼或者告别的时候，我们使用的问候语也不同。
Learn the correct phrases using the notes below, and then practice using greetings with the practice dialogues.利用下面的提示，学习正确的短语用法，然后利用下面的对话来练习问候语。
Formal Greetings:Arriving正式问候语：到达Good morning / afternoon / evening.早上好/中午好/晚上好Hello (name), how are you?嗨(人名)，你好吗?Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)先生/太太日安(非常正式)Respond to a formal greeting with another formal greeting.使用正式问候语来回应Good morning Mr. Smith.早上好，史密斯先生。
在正式的场合需要使用正式的表达方式，表达敬意和严谨；在非正式场合使用非正式的表达方式，拉近彼此之间的距离，提高谈话的弹性和舒适性，以下列举常见的正式表达方式与对应的非正式表达方式。
1. 你好吗？How do you do? >>——-<< What’s up?解析：What's up 的发音还可以是 wassup 或 whaddup，在非正式场合中，”What's up“ 是一个非常随便的问候语，表面上译为”怎么了或发生什么事了“，实际上不涉及对某些事的具体更新信息，相当于 what is the matter 或 what is happening，例如：'What's up?', I said to him.—'Nothing much,' he answered.“怎么了？”，我对他说。
—没什么，他回答。
2. 很高兴见到你It is a pleasure to meet you >>——<< Nice to meet you3. 在你方便的时候尽早At your earliest convenience >>——<< As soon as you can4. 担心你，关心你Concerned about you >>——<< Worried about you5. 首先Firstly , >>——<< To start with/…, For a start6. 代我向…问好Give my regards to >>——<< Say hello to7. 你最近有她的消息吗？Have you heard from her lately? >>——<< Heard from her lately?8. 你看到过汤姆吗？Have you seen Tom? >>——<< Seen Tom?9. 我同意安娜…的看法/安娜是正确的I agree with my colleague, Anna, that… >>——<< Anna’s right.10. 我想提醒你的是…I would like to remind you that… >>——<< Don’t forget11. 非常感谢I appreciate your assistance ! >>——<< Thanks a lot!12. 由于…In light of the fact that >>——<< Because13. 我认为…It is my opinion that… >>——<< I think…14. 我需要做…It is necessary for me to… >>——<< I need to…15. 你不必…It is not necessary for you to… >>——<< You don’t hafta (不得不，只好)…16. 我们建议…It is recommended >>——<< We recommend17. 很抱歉，…/因…，很抱歉Please accept our apologies for… >>——<< Sorry…18. 而且，此外Secondly/ Besides / Furthermore, >>——<< Another good thing is/ What’s more/ Not only that,19. 最后Lastly, >>——<< And one of the best things is…/ And best of all, / The most important thing is…20. 她能…She has the ability >>——<< She can21. 该计划已付诸实践The plan was implemented / carried out >>——<< They put the plan into action22. 我们的目的地Our destination >>——<< The place where we want to go23. 我很抱歉地通知你…I regret to inform you of… >>——<< I’m sorry to tell you that…24. 你能…I was hoping that you could… >>——<< Could you…?25. 不成问题It will cease to be a problem >>——<< It won’t be a problem anymore26. 人们开始厌倦这些事。
正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语打招呼用语言表示的是人与人之间的一种交往关系。
下面小编为你整理了正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语，希望对你有所帮助!正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语(精选篇)1. We have known each other for 6 years. 我们认识有六年了。
2. It has been a long time since I last came here. 自从我上次来这里已经有很长时间了。
3. Have you seen Mr. Smith recently? 最近你见过史密斯先生吗?4. They’ve been working on this project since last year. 他们从去年开始一直都在做这个项目。
5. I’ve been watching TV all night. 我看了一整晚的电视。
6. Hi, Jack, where do you live now? 你好，杰克，你现在住哪儿?7. I live at 203 Curzon Street. 我住在可胜街203号。
8. Curzon Street? Isn’t Mary living there? 可胜街?玛丽不是也住那儿吗?9. Yes, she lives just across the street. 是的，她就住在街对面。
10. How long have you stayed there? 你在那儿住多久了?正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语(最新篇)1. Where are you going? 你去哪儿?2. Where did you go for dinner yesterday? 你们昨天去哪儿吃的饭?3. When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你?4. When did you buy the car? 你什么时候买的车?5. Who told you? 谁告诉你的?6. What’s the height of the building? 这座楼有多高?7. How much does the elephant weigh? 这个大象有多重?8. What’s the color of your new dress? 你的新衣服是什么颜色的?9. What’s the size of your shoes? 你的鞋多大尺寸?10. My brother is twice as tall as your sister. 我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。
英文中正式信件和非正式信件的写法有什么区别？
正式信件和非正式信件的写法有明显的区别。
首先，从格式上来看，正式信件要求遵循固定的结构，一般从下列内容组成：信头、正文、签名和封口等；而非正式信件可以没有这些。
其次，从语言风格上来看，正式信件语言表达要求通俗易懂、文辞严谨妥帖，要求使用事实性的内容，不得出现过于情绪化的内容；而非正式信件则可以稍微灵活一些，语言可以比较随意，既可以使用严谨的措辞，也可以加入一些情绪的元素。
此外，在句子结构上，正式信件宜采用考究的句型，用词精确，句子完整、易懂，尽量避免去掉不必要的内容；而非正式信件可以加入一些口语化的句子结构，使用更多的语气词，尽可能表达出本人的意思，表达方式可以比较随意。
总之，正式信件与非正式信件的写法存在着明显的差别，从格式、语言风格和句子结构等方面都存在较大的差异，因此，在书写信件时，应当注意区分一下是正式信件还是非正式信件，以便正确的表达自己的思想，并取得良好的效果。
formal和informal是英语中两个常用的词汇，它们分别表示正式和非正式的意思。
在口语和书面语中，这两个词的使用频率都很高。
formal通常用于表示正式的、规范的、礼节性的、拘谨的、刻板的等含义。
它通常用于正式场合、正式场合的场合、商务场合等正式场合的场合，或者用于描述一些正式的文件、规章、制度等规范性文件。
在正式场合，formal的表达方式通常比较规范、严谨，语气也比较严肃。
例如，在商务谈判中，双方可能会使用formal的语言来表达自己的意见和态度，语气严肃、规范、严谨，不会出现过于口语化的表达方式。
在撰写正式的文件时，也会使用formal的语言来表达清晰、准确、客观、无歧义的意思，让读者能够理解并遵守。
informal则表示非正式的、随意的、亲切的、自然的等含义。
它通常用于非正式场合、非正式场合的场合、个人交往等场合，或者用于描述一些非正式的文体、娱乐活动等。
在非正式场合，informal的表达方式通常比较自然、亲切、轻松，语气也比较随意。
例如，在和朋友聊天时，可能会使用informal的语言来表达自己的感受和想法，语气亲切、自然、轻松，让人感到亲近和舒适。
在娱乐活动中，也会使用informal的语言来营造轻松愉悦的氛围，让人们能够更好地享受活动。
总的来说，formal和informal在口语和书面语中都有不同的用法和含义，需要根据不同的场合和语境来选择使用哪种语言。
同时，在日常交流中，我们应该注意保持语言得体、恰当，避免使用过于随意或过于拘谨的语言，以达到更好的交流效果。
演讲技巧：英语演讲开场白和结束语：正式场合与非正式场合 (2)演讲技巧：英语演讲开场白和结束语：正式场合与非正式场合 (2)精选2篇（一）正式场合的英语演讲开场白和结束语：开场白：1. Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, thank you for joining us today. It is an honor to stand before you and address such a distinguished audience.2. Good morning/afternoon/evening everyone. I am truly delighted to be here today to share my thoughts on [topic].3. Honorable [name], respected members of the [organization], ladies and gentlemen. I stand before you today humbled and privileged to speak on [topic].结束语：1. In conclusion, I would like to reiterate the importance of [topic]. It is imperative that we continue to [action] in order to achieve [goal].2. Thank you once again for the opportunity to speak before you today. I hope my words have resonated with you and that we can work together towards a brighter future.3. As I conclude my speech, I am reminded of the words of [quote]. Let us carry the inspiration from today's discussion and apply it to our actions in the days to come.非正式场合的英语演讲开场白和结束语：开场白：1. Hey everyone! How's it going? It's great to be here today and have the chance to talk about [topic].2. Good evening, friends! Thank you so much for being here tonight. I'm really excited to share my thoughts on [topic].3. Hi everyone! I hope you're all having a fantastic day. I'm thrilled to be here and discuss [topic] with all of you.结束语：1. That's all I have for today, folks! I hope you enjoyed my talk and found it informative. Let's keep the conversation going after this.2. Thank you all for being such a wonderful audience. I had a blast sharing my thoughts with you, and I hope you had a good time too.3. As I wrap up my speech, I'd like to thank each and every one of you for joining me today. Remember, [quote] and let's strive for a better tomorrow.演讲技巧：英语演讲开场白和结束语：正式场合与非正式场合 (2)精选2篇（二）英语演讲的开场白和结束语在不同的场合可能会有一些差异。
雅思考试：如何运用正式用语与非正式用语英语中有三种主要文体格式：正式英语，非正式英语，流行英语。
很多烤鸭在雅思考试时，不知道自己所用的是以上哪一种用语，也不知道应该如何辨别这三种用于。
一、非正式英语和流行英语非正式英语是大多数人们日常所说的英语。
非正式英语广泛应用于电子邮件和朋友书信中。
使用非正式英语的人们对词汇的选择不太在意，如：非正式英语使用很多较短的单词(如fire, climb和ask)，使用许多口语词汇(如stuff, a lot of, thing和sort of)，还很使用一些短语动词(如使用set up ，而不用establish)。
非正式英语在语法上没有正式英语要求严格，常使用简单的语法结构和比较松散的句子或短语。
在写作中，非正式英语比正式英语常常使用更加个人化的文体，常用第一，第二人称(例如I ,you, we)。
缩写单词(如常常使用its，而不是it is)也常常见于非正式英语之中。
而且，非正式英语比正式的写作句式通常更短。
在正式英语写作中，常常使用较为正式的标点符号——而避免分号“;”和冒号“:”的出现，非正式英语则可以出现。
流行英语很少应用于写作中，大多是用于口语之中。
非正式英语中包括大量的俚语。
俚语就是一些非正式的，在礼节性的演讲和正式场合常常被看作不合适的单词或短语表达。
俚语常常由固定的社会团体或职业人群使用。
二、正式英语主要应用于写作中。
这种文体格式通常带有学术性的写作口吻，通常见于学术课本，大学论文，商业信函和合同中。
在口语表达方面，正式英语通常只用于官方或正式场合，例如，在大学毕业典礼上正式欢迎来宾。
正式英语比日常用语使用更多的复杂词汇。
例如，正式用语常常比日常对话使用“更庞大”的词汇。
如以下几个多音节词compensate, ascend 和interrogate. 正式用语还常常使用单个动词(如establish)来代替简单的短语动词(如set up)。
此外，在正式用语中还要尽量避免俚语和口语的出现。
一.最普通的道别方式1. Goodbye/ByeGoodbye较为少用，通常用于绝对的道别(暗指将不会再见)，而bye 则是一种更放松、非正式的道别方法。
2. See You Later/See you/Later在see you later和see you中，“you”可发音为ya。
二.5种亲切自然的道别方式1. It was nice to see you again这是你向某个熟人道别时重要的表达方式之一，赶紧学起来。
2. Take Care无论是正式还是非正式场合，跟朋友或陌生人，你都可以用这句话来表达真切的问候，道一声珍重。
3. Take it Easy通常用于非正式场合。
虽然很多人在劝别人“保持冷静”时会用上一句“Take it easy”，但这种道别方式也传递着我希望你有机会放松一下，享受当下的意思。
4. Have a good one这是另外一种地道的道别方法，主要表达希望某人安好。
你也可以说have a good day/weekend/trip/vacation，但“have a good one”表达的是广泛意义上的关切问候，没有特殊的指某个具体的方面。
5. Until…这种表达方式不像它过去那么常见，当你知道自己合适将再见到某人，就可以这么说，如Until tomorrow/Saturday(明天见、周六见)等等。
三.地道的日常英语道别俚语1. Peace (Out)几年前这种道别方式很流行，现在在某些圈子里仍然很常见。
在这里，“Peace”已经动词化(我要消失了。
再见!)，说的时候通常还伸出两根手指比V字型和平手势。
它是有些半嘻哈的非正式告别方式，所以千万不要在商务会议中用哦。
2. I'm out of here“I'm ouda here”或一句简单的“I'm out”是快速非正式的在朋友间使用的道别方式。
3.(I'll) Catch you later/Catch you on the flip sideCatch you later仍然是很流行的用法，但catch you on the flip side则用得较少。
正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式赵宝斌语言是交际的工具，为了达到更好的交际目的，人们根据情景和交际的目的选择不同的文体。
正式语言和非正式语言的运用是交际中重要的文体形式。
在英语中正式英语用于比较严肃的场合，而非正式的英语用于比较随便的场合。
下面是一些正式英语和非正式英语的形式。
1. 状语1) 时间，原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式，也可以用状语从句的形式，一般的说，非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。
Being (As he was) a farmer, he had to get up early.Weather permitting(If weather permits ), we shall go.2)方式和程度状语可用介词短语，也可以用副词表示，一般说，介词短语比副词正式。
He spoke in a confident way/with con-fidence. (confidently)3) 英语中用一些副词有两种形式，一种是-ly形式，一种是同形容词的形式相同，一般说，前者比后者正式。
He read loudly (loud).I guessed rightly (right).4) 让步状语从句how (who, when, what) ever的形式比 no matter how (who, when, what) 的形式正式。
Whoever(No matter who)he is, I won’t see him.2. 代词I. 关系代词1) 定语从句中作宾语的关系词“Whom”比“who”正式。
Whom (Who) are you waiting for?He is the person whom (who) I met the other day.2) 在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词“Who,whom”and “which”比“that”正式。
He is the person who (that) is well-known here.This is the book which(that) I bought yesterday.I know the person whom (that) youspoke to.3) 指时间和地点的从句“Prep + which”比“when” and “where”从句正式。
This is the place in which (where ) I worked.That is the day on which(when)I came. II. 人称代词1) 通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。
He is taller than I (me).Who is there ? It is I.(me)2) 在动名词前，所属格比主格正式。
Do you mind my (me) smoking?3) 单数人称代词比复数正式。
Everyone should do his (their) duty. Give me (us) a kiss, darling. Everyone thinks he knows (they know) the answer.4) 指作者本人用“We”比“I”正式。
As we (I) showed it is not an easyquestion.5) 泛指人时，“o ne”比“you”正式。
One (You) never knows what may happen.6) 在复合句中，主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时，主句中用名词比用人称代词正式。
The plane took off as soon as it had refueled.(It took off as soon as the plane had refueled.)III. 指示代词1) 当“This”和“that”都是后指时，that 比 this正式。
That (This) is what I thought.2) that/those‘作为先行词比名词正式。
Those flowers are better than those w hich (the flowers) we planted last ye ar.3. 主谓一致1) 单数比复数正式。
None / Neither of them has (have) arrived yet.2) 复数比单数正式。
If I were (was) you I would do that. Neither his wife nor his child have ( has) arrived.There are (is) hundreds of people out side.3) 和kind 连用的名词单数比复数正。
This kind of dog (These kinds of dogs are) is easy to train.I like most kind of cat (cats).4. 倒装句比不倒装句正式。
Had I known it (If I had known it) Iwould have told you.Hardly have I seen this.(I havehardly seen this.)Under no circumstances must the door be left unlocked.(The door must be left unlocked under no circumstances.)Most of the problems a computer could solve easily.(A computer could solve most of the problems easily.)5. 不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。
I know that he is a famous writer. He is a person whom I have known for several years.I spent all the week in writing my pa per.I saw her on the day after her birth-day.We are going to visit China in thefollowing spring.You can borrow my pen if you want to borrow.He suggested that we should comeearly.6. 介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。
He is a person on whom we can rely(whom we can rely on).With what did he write it? (What did he write it with?)7. 情态动词1) 用于请求时，“May”比“can”正式。
May (Can) I use your bike?2) 用于请求时，“Would”和“Could”比“will”和“can”正式。
Would /Could ( Will/Can) you like to give a speech?8. 泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式。
The horse is a very useful animal. (Horses are very useful animals.)9. 从句比不定式的形式正式。
It is important that we should do it (for us to do it).It seems that he is a teacher. (Heseems to be a teacher.)10. 其它的一些句子1) If you come early, you will seehim.(Come early and you will see him.)2) I shall try and do it. (I shalltry to do it.)3) He is so young that he can notdress himself.(He is too young to dress himself.)4) It is so beautiful a city. (It is such a beautiful city.)5) Haven’t you heard the news? (Have you not heard the news?)6) To my surprise, I hear the news. ( I’m surprised to hear the news.) 7) We start for Beijing tonight. (We are starting for Beijing tonight.) 8) To begin with, (First ) we mustconsider this thoroughly.9) I go to see my old friendoccasionally (now and then).10) I am hence (therefore) unable to help you.11) By the way, (Incidentally) do you know something about this?12) I was ill so(therefore) I could13) He spoke loudly in order that (so that) every one could hear him. 14) You should work hard even though (even if) you have made greatprogress.15) They asked me whether (if) theywould come.16) He still works hard although(though) he is old.17) He took his umbrella lest(for fear that ) it should rain. 18) Don’t come otherwise (or) Ishall fire.19) He failed to go there on account of (because of ) the rain.20) He works hard despite (in spite of) his old age.21) In my opinion (I think) he is not22) He got up early in order to(so as to) have more time to study.23) He went there once per (a) day.24) Many (lots of) people get much (a lot of ) pleasure from music.25) He has little (not much) moneyand few (not many) friends.26) I fear (am afraid) that he willnot come.27) I have to (have got to ) see myfriend.28) Phone me again within (in) a week.29) What on earth (in the hell) are you doing?。
