现在完成时专题讲解

现在完成时专题讲解

现在完成时态专题讲解

一、注意理解时态的两层意义及不同意义对应的标志词

观察一：请仔细观察下列句子。

1.I have already finished reading the book.(现在我了解了书的内容).

2.Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have.(我现在不饿了).

3.He has never seen the film before. (现在他不了解电影的内容)

4.I have just washed my car.（现在车很干净了）

5.I have seen the film three times. (我现在了解电影的内容)

思考一：现在完成时表达的含义：

1）表示在发生或已经结束的动作对造成的影响或结果

标志词:常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),before,ever(曾经),never,three times等词连用。常用于肯定句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。

练习、翻译以下句子

1、你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found your book)

2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many

buildings)

3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived)

观察二：请仔细观察以下句子

1.We have been in Qi Bin Middle School since 2013.(我们还在淇滨中学)

2.He has learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago/since

I was in primary school.（他还在继续学习英语）

3.China has made great changes these years/up to now/so

far.

(现在还在发生变化)

思考二：现在完成时表达的含义： 2）表示在过去已经开始并到现在。可能已经结束,也可能将会继续持续下去的动作或状态. 标志词:常与for, since,these years,

recently(最近),up to now/until now/so far(到现在),in the past/last

years,(在过去几年) 等引导的短语或从句连用.

★since 用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”

for 用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”

1)since+时间点

He has stayed here since （五点钟）.

2)since+ 时间段+ ago

He has stayed here since （五个小时前）.

3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时)

She has taught English since （自从他来这里）.

★for+ 时间段

He has kept the book （长达两周时间）.

注意：并非有for /since作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

It is two years since the old man died. （老人去世已有两年了。）

=Two years has passed since the old man died.

练习、用for 或since填空

1、Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.

2、I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.

3、My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .

4、My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.

5、We haven’t used our car ________ a long time .

6、She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years.

7、Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years 。

二、理解现在完成时的基本结构和各种句式

观察三:仔细观察课本110页现在完成时态表格一 思考三:现在完成时的肯定句，否定句，疑问句分别是怎样构成的？

★总结：现在完成时态的构成：基本结构: 。

肯定式:_____________________否定式:___________________________

疑问式:______________________肯定回答___________否定回答________

练习、按要求改变句子。

1.She has done her homework. (改否定句)

2.The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)

★动词的规则变化

(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“”。“直”

work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited

(2)以“e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“”。“去”

live---lived---lived argue--argued--argued

(3)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母再加““双”

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

(4)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i" ，再加“”。“改”

study---studied---studied , cry---cried---cried

★注意：规则动词的过去分词的变化与过去式是一样的!

练习、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

Live ______ ______ Stay ______ ______ plan ______ ______

Clean ______ ______ worry ______ ______

★不规则动词

可参考书本141-142页的表格将过去分词按照以下分类：AAA

AAB ABB ABA ABC

三．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生过了的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调在过去发生的动作；与现在无关。

现在完成时也表示过去某时发生了某动作，并且该动作对现在造成了影响，强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作在昨天发生过了。）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,last week,…ago,in1990,in October, just now,,

现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语:

(1)ever, never, just, before, yet, already, ...times(...次)

(2)for, since, so far, till/until/up to now, in the past/last few

years, recently,

句子中如有具体的过去时间（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tom has written a

letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

四．比较延续动词与瞬间动词

1.延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie,

know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

用法:延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如:

for+一段时间:for 2 years;

since从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last

year,since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

2.非延续性动词:也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come,

go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

用法:①非延续性动词一般与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two

years ago; at 5 o'clock;

例:He died 5 years ago.

②非延续性动词在也可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for two

years

It is 4 years since I came here. 从我到这里已经四年了。 ③非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用。

在现在完成时的第二种用法中,若表示某动作从过去持续到现在,一般用延续性动词。

短暂性动词也可以用在现在完成时中，但是需要注意句型：

1.否定句中可以直接与时间段连用。

I haven’t bought books for two years.

2.肯定句和疑问句中，用相应的延续性动词替换。如：

1.The old man died 4 years ago.

--The old man has been dead for 4 years.

2.He joined the Party2 years ago.

--He has been in the Party for 2 years

3.I bought the book 5 days ago.

--I have had/the book for 5 days.

begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be over

open sth ---sth be open fall ill --- be ill get up---be up

catch a cold--have a cold come here--be here begin to do--do

go there --- be there become--be come back--- be back

fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)

leave --- be away from get to know --- know borrow--keep

go (get) out →be out put on→ wear close--be closed