Earth’s Atmosphere

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atmosphere的用法总结大全atmosphere是空气的意思，也可以用来表示气氛，想了解更多的，和小编一起学习吧！释义atmospheren. 气氛;大气;空气词组短语earth's atmosphere 地球大气social atmosphere 社会气氛academic atmosphere n. 学业风气，学习氛围working atmosphere 工作环境upper atmosphere 上层大气;高空大气controlled atmosphere 受控大气;人造大气protective atmosphere 保护气氛;保护蒙气atmosphere pressure 大气压力，大气压强lower atmosphere 低层大气，下层大气furnace atmosphere 炉气氛，炉内气氛;炉内蒙气oxidizing atmosphere 氧化气氛;权化气氛gas atmosphere 气氛explosive atmosphere 易爆气体环境;爆燃性空气inert atmosphere 惰性气氛reducing atmosphere 还原空气;还原性气氛;还原性蒙气neutral atmosphere 中性气氛;中性大气;中性蒙气standard atmosphere 标准大气tragic atmosphere 悲剧气氛词语辨析gas, atmosphere, air这些名词均与空气有关。

gas 指气态物，尤指供燃烧取暖或照明的气体，其中一部分称作瓦斯。

atmosphere 指围绕有的星球，特别是围绕地球的空气，即大气层。

也可指环境气氛。

air 指空气，也泛指一般气体。

例句Our tests are not polluting the atmosphere.我们的试验并不沾污大气层。

Aerosols are present throughout the atmosphere.气溶胶存在于整个大气层。

关于地球的英语说明文阅读Earth: Our Azure Planet.Earth, the third planet from the Sun, is a captivating cosmic gem that has sustained life for billions of years. It is the only known celestial body in the universe that harbors a vibrant ecosystem, making it an object of immense scientific fascination and ecological significance.Aqueous Composition.One of the most defining characteristics of Earth isits abundance of liquid water. Approximately 71% of its surface is covered by oceans, which hold a staggering 96.5% of the planet's water. This aqueous embrace has played a pivotal role in shaping Earth's climate, supporting life, and driving geological processes.Atmospheric Veil.Earth's atmosphere, a gaseous envelope that surrounds the planet, is another crucial aspect of its life-sustaining nature. Composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, the atmosphere protects Earth from harmful solar radiation, regulates temperature, and facilitates the exchange of gases essential for life. It also plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, which drives weather patterns and distributes water around the globe.Terrestrial Diversity.Earth's surface is a tapestry of diverse landscapes, from towering mountain ranges to sprawling deserts, lush rainforests to vast polar ice caps. This geological heterogeneity reflects billions of years of tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, and erosion. The interplay of these forces has created a myriad of habitats, each supporting unique ecosystems and life forms.Dynamic Crust.The Earth's outermost layer, the crust, is divided intotwo main types: oceanic and continental. Oceanic crust is younger and thinner, formed at mid-ocean ridges where new crust is created. Continental crust, on the other hand, is older and thicker, containing a rich history of geological events preserved in its rock formations.Mantle and Core.Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a thick layer of solid rock that makes up the majority of Earth's mass. The mantle is hot and under immense pressure, causing it to slowly flow over millions of years. At the heart of Earth is the core, composed primarily of iron and nickel. The core is extremely hot and dense, generating Earth's magnetic field, which protects the planet from harmful solar radiation.Life on Earth.Earth is the only known planet in the universe that supports life. The diversity of life forms on Earth is staggering, ranging from microscopic organisms to thelargest land and marine animals. This biodiversity is the result of billions of years of evolution, driven by the planet's unique environmental conditions.Environmental Challenges.While Earth has been a nurturing cradle for life, human activities are posing significant environmental challenges. Climate change, deforestation, pollution, and overpopulation are among the pressing issues that threaten Earth's ecosystems and the well-being of its inhabitants. Addressing these challenges requires global cooperation, sustainable practices, and a deep understanding of our planet's delicate balance.Earth's Place in the Cosmos.Earth is a relatively small planet in the vastness of the universe. It orbits the Sun, a star located in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way, in turn, is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which isitself part of the Virgo Supercluster. Earth's place in thecosmos is a humbling reminder of our insignificance in the grand scheme of things, yet it also underscores the preciousness of life on our planet.Conclusion.Earth, our vibrant blue marble, is a marvel of cosmic design. Its aqueous composition, dynamic atmosphere, diverse landscapes, and complex geological processes have created a planet that is uniquely suited for life. As we continue to explore the wonders of our planet and beyond, let us appreciate the fragility and resilience of Earth and strive to preserve its vitality for generations to come.。

atmosphere 的读法、释义和用法atmosphere的发音为英音[ˈætməsfɪə(r)]，美音[ˈætməˌsfɪr]。

释义方面，atmosphere具有多重含义。

首先，它通常用来指代“大气”或“大气层”，即包围地球的气体混合物。

其次，它也可以用来描述某个地方的“空气”或“气氛”，这通常指的是由一群人或一个地方所创造出来的情感或感觉状态。

此外，atmosphere还可以表示“气压”，即单位面积上所承受的大气压力。

在艺术领域，atmosphere有时也用来形容作品的“基调”或“风格”。

在用法上，atmosphere主要用作名词。

它可以单独使用，也可以与其他词汇搭配使用。

例如，在描述环境时，可以说“The atmosphere inside the capsule was tense.”（密封舱里的气氛令人紧张。

）在提到艺术作品时，可以说“The painting creates a mysterious atmosphere.”（这幅画营造出一种神秘的气氛。

）此外，atmosphere还可以与不同的动词和形容词搭配，形成丰富的表达。

例如，“create atmosphere”（创造气氛）、“improve atmosphere”（改善气氛）、“feel atmosphere”（感受气氛）等。

形容词方面，可以说“friendly atmosphere”（友好的气氛）、“festive atmosphere”（欢乐的气氛）、“relaxed atmosphere”（轻松的气氛）等。

总的来说，atmosphere是一个用途广泛的词汇，可以用于描述自然环境、社会氛围、艺术风格等多个方面。

在理解和使用这个词时，需要根据具体的语境来把握其含义和用法。

如需更多关于atmosphere的释义和用法，建议查阅英汉词典或咨询英语教师。

托福阅读真题第245篇Earth’sAtmosphere（答案文章最后）Earth’s AtmosphereParagraph 1: Earth’s atmosphere has changed through time. Compared to the Sun, whose composition is representative of the raw materials from which Earth and other planets in our solar system formed, Earth contains less of some volatile elements, such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and helium. These elements were lost when the envelope of gases, or primary atmosphere, that surrounded early Earth, was stripped away by the solar wind or by meteorite impacts, or both. Little by little, the planet generated a new, secondary atmosphere by volcanic outgassing of volatile materials from its interior.1. In paragraph 1, why does the author state that Earth has less nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and helium than the Sun?O To argue that these elements were once part of an early atmosphere, which disappearedO To suggest that these elements were drawn into the Sun’s atmosphereO To provide evid ence that Earth’s original atmosphere came primarily from meteoritesO To support the claim that Earth’s atmosphere would have changed even more if it had contained more volatile elements Paragraph 2: Volcanic outgassing continues to be the main process by which volatile materials are released from Earth, although it is now going on at a much slower rate. The main chemical constituent of volcanic gases (as much as 97 percent of volume) is water vapor, with varying amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. In fact, the total volume of volcanicgases released over the past 4 billion years or so is believed to account for the present composition of the atmosphere with one important exception: oxygen. Earth had virtually no oxygen in its atmosphere more than 4 billion years ago, but the atmosphere is now approximately 21 percent oxygen.2. According to paragraph 2, the history of volcanic outgassing cannot explain which of the following?O The lack of oxygen in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago O The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere todayO The proportions of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere todayO The present abundance of oxygen in the atmosphereParagraph 3: Traces of oxygen were probably generated in the early atmosphere by the breakdown of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen by ultraviolet light (a process called photodissociation). Although this is an important process, it cannot begin to account for the present high levels of oxygen in the atmosphere. Almost all of the free oxygen now in the atmosphere originated through photosynthesis, the process whereby plants use light energy to induce carbon dioxide to react with water, producing carbohydrates and oxygen.3. Paragraph 3 suggests which of the following about the process of photodissociation?O It is more common today than it was in the early history of the atmosphere.O It is responsible for only a small amount of the oxygen in the atmosphere today.O It removes trace amounts of oxygen from the atmosphere.O It produces more free oxygen than photosynthesis does.Paragraph 4: Oxygen is a very reactive chemical, so at firstmost of the free oxygen produced by photosynthesis was combined with iron in ocean water to form iron oxide-bearing minerals. The evidence of the gradual transition from oxygen-poor to oxygen-rich water is preserved in seafloor sediments. The minerals in seafloor sedimentary rocks that are more than about 2.5 billion years old contain reduced (oxygen-poor) iron compounds. In rocks that are less than 1.8 billion years old, oxidized (oxygen-rich) compounds predominate. The sediments that were precipitated during the transition contain alternating bands of red (oxidized iron) and black (reduced iron) minerals. These rocks are called banded-iron formations. Because ocean water is in constant contact with the atmosphere, and the two systems function together in a state of dynamic equilibrium, the transition from an oxygen-poor to an oxygen-rich atmosphere also must have occurred during this period.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O Since the oceans and the atmosphere function together, the atmosphere must have become oxygen rich during this period.O Because ocean water is in constant contact with the atmosphere, the two systems maintain a dynamic equilibrium.O The transition to an oxygen-rich atmosphere could not have happened without constant contact with the oceans.O Much of the oxygen in the oceans must have been pulled out of the atmosphere during this period.5. According to paragraph 4, what can be learned from the type of iron compounds in seafloor rocks?O How the process of photosynthesis has changed over time O The level of oxygen in the water at a certain time in history O How levels of iron in ocean water decreased over timeO The overall mineral content of the ocean water6. According to paragraph 3, banded-iron formations are found in what kind of rocks?O Those that are more than 2.5 billion years oldO Those that do not contain oxidized compoundsO Those that are from a transitional period in terms of oxygen richnessO Those that are less than 1.8 billion years oldParagraph 5: Along with the buildup of molecular oxygen (O2) came an eventual increase in ozone (O3) levels in the atmosphere. Because ozone filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation, this made it possible for life to flourish in shallow water and finally on land. This critical state in the evolution of the atmosphere was replaced (took place) between 1100 and 542 million years ago. Interestingly, the fossil record shows an explosion of life forms 542 million years ago.7. According to paragraph 5, which of the following happened sometime between 1100 and 542 million years ago?O A sudden explosion of life forms on land occurred together with a sharp decline of life in the water.O Ultraviolet radiation became more harmful to living organisms.O Molecular oxygen levels in the atmosphere stabilized, and ozone levels began to rise.O Ozone reduced ultraviolet radiation to a level acceptable for life on land.Paragraph 6: Oxygen has continued to play a key role in theevolution and form of life. Over the last 200 million years, the concentration of oxygen has risen from 10 percent to as much as 25 percent of the atmosphere, before setting (probably not permanently) at its current value of 21 percent. This increase has benefited mammals, which are voracious oxygen consumers. Not only do we require oxygen to fuel our high-energy, warm-blooded metabolism; our unique reproductive system demands even more. An expectant mother’s used (venous) blood must still have enough oxygen in it to diffuse through the placenta into her unborn child’s bloodstream. It would be very difficult for any mammal species to survive in an atmosphere of only 10 percent oxygen.8. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is NOT true of the connection between mammals and oxygen?O Mammals are able to survive only because oxygen levels are relatively high.O Mammals first emerged when atmospheric oxygen levels reached 10 percent.O A mammal’s unborn child receives oxygen through the mother’s placenta.O Mammals use a lot of oxygen partly because they are warm-blooded.Paragraph 7: Geologists cannot yet be certain why the atmospheric oxygen levels increased, but they have a hypothesis. First, photosynthesis is only one part of the oxygen cycle. The cycle is completed by decomposition, in which organic carbon combines with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide. But if organic matter is buried as sediment before it fully decomposes, its carbon is no longer available to react with the free oxygen. Thus there will be a net accumulation of carbon in sediments and ofoxygen in the atmosphere.Paragraph 5: Along with the buildup of molecular oxygen (O2) came an eventual increase in ozone (O3) levels in the atmosphere. ■Because ozone filters out harmful ultraviolet radi ation, this made it possible for life to flourish in shallow water and finally on land. ■This critical state in the evolution of the atmosphere was replaced between 1100 and 542 million years ago. ■Interestingly, the fossil record shows an explosion of life forms 542 million years ago.■9. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The timing strongly suggests that atmospheric changes were responsible for this sudden increase in new life.Where w ould the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Internal and external forces on Earth’s atmosphere have changed its chemical composition over time.Answer choicesO Mammals could not have survived without an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and land-based life would not be possible without the ozone layer to filter solar radiation.O Although they are currently at about 21 percent, oxygenlevels will probably not always remain this high.O The breakdown of organic matter removes free oxygen, but if this process is interrupted, extra oxygen may accumulate in the atmosphere.O Over the last 4 billion years, outgassing destroyed Earth’s primary atmosphere of volatile elements and replaced it with nonvolatile materials including carbon dioxide.O The sm all amount of oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere was due to photodissociation and, later, photosynthesis created free oxygen.O When oxygen levels in the ocean water reached a critical level about 542 million years ago, life emerged in the oceans, as shown by sedimentary rocks.。

The Earth's AtmosphereUnless it's raining or the wind is blowing, we don't usually pay much attention to the atmosphere, the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth. Yet, without the atmosphere, the Earth would be a desolate (荒芜的) planet with no signs of life!除非是下大雨或者刮大风,我们通常不重视那层像毯子一样环绕着地球的大气。

然而,没有大气,地球就会变成没有生命迹象的荒凉的星球! The atmosphere plays several roles in helping to make life possible. First, the atmosphere provides the three gases necessary for life: oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. All animals, including ourselves, breathe oxygen. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are both needed for plant growth. Less important atmospheric gases include argon, neon, helium, and hydrogen.大气为创造适合生命生存的环境扮演着很多角色。

首先,大气为生命提供所需的三种气体:氧气、氮气和二氧化碳。

包括我们自己的所有的动物都呼吸氧气。

而氮气和二氧化碳都是植物生长所需要的。

其次大气中还包括氩、氖、氦和氢。

Second, the atmosphere also protects us from most of the sun's high-energy ultraviolet light rays, which are harmful to life. Although these rays are only a small part of the sunlight striking the Earth, they are known to be very dangerous. However, 99 percent of all ultraviolet rays are absorbed before they reach the Earth's surface. They are absorbed by an atmospheric gas, called ozone, a type of oxygen gas. The ozone layer surrounds the Earth but is much thinner over the North and South Poles than over other regions of the Earth.第二,大气还可以保护我们免受来自太阳的大部分高强度致命的紫外光线。

《The Earth's Atmosphere》知识清单The Earth's atmosphere is a complex and vital component that plays a crucial role in supporting life on our planet It is a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, protecting us and influencing various aspects of our environment and climateThe composition of the Earth's atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen （about 78%）， oxygen （around 21%）， and a small amount of other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, and water vapor Nitrogen is essential for many biological processes, while oxygen is vital for respirationThe atmosphere is divided into several layers based on different characteristics and properties The lowest layer is the troposphere, where most of our weather phenomena occur This is where we live and where the air is the densest As we move upwards, we encounter the stratosphere, which contains the ozone layer that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun The mesosphere lies above the stratosphere, and the thermosphere and exosphere are the outermost layersThe atmosphere has a significant impact on the Earth's climate It helps regulate temperatures by trapping heat and preventing extreme temperature fluctuations Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane contribute to the greenhouse effect, which keeps the Earth warm enough for life to exist However, an excessive increase in these gases can lead to global warming and climate changeThe movement of air within the atmosphere creates wind Wind patterns are influenced by factors such as the rotation of the Earth, differences in temperature and pressure, and the presence of land and water Wind is not only important for weather but also for the distribution of heat and moisture around the globeAtmospheric pressure varies with altitude and location At sea level, the average atmospheric pressure is about 1013 millibars As we ascend, the pressure decreases Changes in atmospheric pressure can affect our bodies and cause discomfort, such as when we travel by airplane or ascend to high altitudesWeather phenomena like clouds, rain, snow, and thunderstorms occur within the atmosphere Clouds form when water vapor condenses around tiny particles in the air Precipitation occurs when the clouds become heavy enough to release moisture Thunder and lightning are associated with electrical discharges during thunderstormsThe atmosphere also interacts with the sun's energy Some of the sunlight is reflected back into space, while some is absorbed and warms the Earth The amount of energy absorbed and reflected affects the Earth's energy balance and climateHuman activities have had a considerable impact on the atmosphere Industrial emissions, deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels have led to an increase in air pollution and the release of greenhouse gases This has raised concerns about air quality and climate change, with potential longterm consequences for the planet and human healthUnderstanding the Earth's atmosphere is crucial for various fields such as meteorology, climatology, and environmental science It helps us predict weather patterns, study climate change, and develop strategies to protect and preserve our atmosphere for future generationsIn conclusion, the Earth's atmosphere is a complex and dynamic system that is essential for life on our planet We need to be aware of our actions and take steps to minimize our negative impact on it to ensure a sustainable and healthy environment for all。

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The origin of Earth’s atmosphere In order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere,we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system,before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun.This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together,a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull.Within each orbit,collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy.How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets,which indicate that each of the planets was,like a billiard ball,struck at some stage by another large body of some kind.Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon.Because the Moon has no atmosphere,its surface is not subject to erosion,so it retains the marks of its early history.Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts,as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars.The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere.Before it grew to full size,its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space,while the solar wind(the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun)had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system.So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials,metals,and trapped gases,subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere. As it began to reach full size,Earth heated up,partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size.In addition,the early Earth contained abundant radioactive materials,also a source of heat.As Earth heated up,its interior melted.Within the molten interior,under the influence of gravity,different elements were sorted out by density.By about 40 million years after the formation of the solar system,most of the heavier metallic elements in the early Earth,such as iron and nickel,had sunk through the hot sludge to the center giving Earth a core dominated by iron.This metallic core gives Earth its characteristic magnetic field,which has played an extremely important role in the history of our planet. As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth,lighter silicates(such as the mineral quartz)drifted upward.The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle,a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust.With the help of bombardment by comets,whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface,the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface,where they cooled more rapidly than the better-insulated materials in Earth's interior.These lighter materials,such as the rocks we call granites,formed a layer of continental crust about 35 kilometersthick.Relative to Earth as a whole,this is as thin as an eggshell.Seafloor crust is even thinner,at about 7 kilometers;thus,even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core.Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day. The lightest materials of all,including gases such as hydrogen and helium,bubbled through Earth's interior to the surface.So we can imagine the surface of the early Earth as a massive volcanic field.And we can judge pretty well what gases bubbled up to that surface by analyzing the mixture of gases emitted by volcanoes.These include hydrogen,helium,methane,water vapor,nitrogen,ammonia,and hydrogen sulfide.Other materials,including large amounts of water vapor,were brought in by cometary bombardments.Much of the hydrogen and helium escaped;but once Earth was fully formed,it was large enough for its gravitational field to hold most of the remaining gases,and these formed Earth's first stable atmosphere. Paragraph 1:In order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere,we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system,before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun.This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together,a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull.Within each orbit,collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy.How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets,which indicate that each of the planets was,like a billiard ball,struck at some stage by another large body of some kind.Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon.Because the Moon has no atmosphere,its surface is not subject to erosion,so it retains the marks of its early history.Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts,as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars.The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere.Before it grew to full size,its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space,while the solar wind(the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun)had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system.So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials,metals,and trapped gases,subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere. 1.According to paragraph 1,why was the HMS Beacon in the Aegean Sea? A.To capture creatures along the sea bottom. B.To provide Forbes with transportation back and forth across the Aegean. C.To test the effectiveness of a new type of dredge.。