青岛大学642基础英语2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷

201610PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (20 points)Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1.Environmental groups want more passenger and freight traffic ______ off the road and onto trains.A. movedB. moveC. moving D being moving2. It was the consensus of the party ______ its candidates could easily win the election.A. whenB. thatC. howD. where3. Hydrogen is the ______element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. steadiestB. expendableC. lightestD. fundamental4. The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when we consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess, is her ___ search for her daughter.A. extendedB. agitatedC. franticD. comprehensive5 Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ____ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A. such thatB. with thatC. so thatD. in that6. The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its _____ provisions, but in its broader impact: it made the king subject to the law.A. revolutionaryB. specificC. implicitD. controversial7. Democratic Massachusetts Senate candidate, Elizabeth Warrens, self- proclaimed Native American ______ is in question tonight.A. nominationB. cultural insightC. ancestryD. cultural tradition8. Under the guidance of their instructors, the students are building a model boat ____ by steam.A. towedB. pressedC. tossedD. propelled.9.Researchers _____ that genes may determine the strength of the immune system, which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.A. conformB. evaluateC. estimateD. resurrect10. Despite the fact that the book promises a complete rethinking of the factorscontributing to the conflict, the picture that the book paints is ____: the causes it suggests are more orthodox that ____.A. unique; innovativeB. commonplace; imitativeC. controversial, radicalD. familiar; revisionist11. The constitution of the State required that property should be _____ for taxation at1。

青岛大学2017年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语（共9页）请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效㌱‷൬I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(20Points)There are twenty sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1.൬he issue of e-commerce did not any detailed discussions at theconference.㌱.take delight in B.give rise toC.give way toD.take advantage of2.Bing aware of the potential objections,they launched a reform at thebeginning stage.㌱.humble B.modest C.timid D.middle3.Fingerprints form an unchangeable despite changes in the individual’sappearance or age.㌱.mark B.sign C.remark D.signature4.It is illegal in some countries that children unattended at home.㌱.be left B.left C.are leaving D.being left5.㌱new material,we have good reason to be optimistic.㌱.developed B.being developedC.was being developedD.was developed6.I think much attention your pronunciation.㌱.must be paid to B.ought to be paid toC.must pay toD.should be paid to7.Hurry up,or the tickets out by the time we get there.㌱.will have sold B.will sellC.have soldD.will have been sold18.Nothing helps success more than what you are doing.㌱.know B.to know C.be known to D.knowing9.Because of my‷ussian,I cannot make myself.㌱.broken;understood B.broken;understandC.break;understoodD.breaking;understanding10.It is better to die on one’s feet than.㌱.live on one’s knees B.living one’s kneesC.on one’s kneesD.to live on one’s knees11.In the Christian religion,the lucky number13back to the LastSupper.㌱.tracks B.traces C.dates D.tails12.When we are reading,the important thing is to the essentialmeaning,not to learn every single word.㌱.clasp B.grab C.grasp D.grapple13.He applied for a(n)position in a company.㌱.empty B.vacant C.vacuum D.margin14.൬he Channel൬unnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever.㌱.understated B.undertaken C.undergone D.underneath15.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,have beenmentioned in previous pages.㌱.a few of it B.a few of that C.a few of them D.a few of which 16.൬hey will have you if you don’t pay your taxes.㌱.to be arrested B.arrest C.arrested D.being arrested17.Small boys are questioners.൬hey ask questions all the time.㌱.original B.imaginative C.peculiar D.persistent18.Some people avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutralabout them.㌱.violently B.enthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately19.Despite their good service,most inns are less costly than hotels ofstandards.㌱.equivalent B.alike C.uniform D.likely2。

【青岛⼤学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012青岛⼤学2012年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：642 科⽬名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more_____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.B. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence to13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.B. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admire31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theB. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?B.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a suddenalienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：622科目名称：基础英语（2）（共13页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions:choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1.Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of _______mood, often in the same day.A.a mbiguousB.o bscureC.a lternatingD.c onverting2.Benjamin Franklin _______learning the printer’s tradeat an early age.A.s et aboutB.s et offC.s et onD.s et up3.At a press conference after the award ceremony, the18-year-old girl spoke in a barely _______ voice.A.i denticalB.a udibleC.o ptionalD.l egible4.When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or youwill be _______ in deeper.A.a bsorbedB.p hishedC.h eavedD.s ucked5.Ms. Shon’s _______ will explain the new payrollprocedures this Friday at noon in Room 211.A.a ccessoryB.s upplementC.a ddendumD.a ssistant6.Many previous all-male occupations _______ to women inthe 1960’s and 1970’s.A.h ave openedB.w ere openedC.h aving been openedD.a re opened7.He did not want to _______ any plans she might have inview.A.h old backB.c hange intoC.m ake upD.i nterfere with8.Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with hisresearch work that he felt _______ lonely.A.n othing butB.a nything butC.a ll butD.e verything but9.Prof. Lee’s book will show you _______ can be used inother contexts.A.t hat you have observedB.t hat how you have observedC.h ow that you have observedD.h ow what you have observed10.He failed to carry out some of the provisions of thecontract, and now he has to _______ the consequence.A.a nswer forB.r un intoC.a bide byD.s tep into11._______ I have notified everyon e of tomorrow’spresentation, I’m sure who will attend.A.B ecauseB.E itherC.C onsequentlyD.A lthough12.The national phone company announced that its planto _______ rates on long-distance call is too expensive.A.s lantB.s litC.s weepD.s lash13.Mr. Vigriolo _______ his lecture with a humorousremark.A.r ecededB.s ecededC.p recededD.c onceded14.Most fruit and vegetable prices were reduced to movehigh inventories of _______ product.A.p erishableB.s alesC.i mportD.m arketing15.The success of good _______ is proof that the handcan be quicker than the eye.A.i deasB.r eflexesC.a rgumentsD.m agicians16.It can be said without exaggeration that no part ofthe United States is not easily accessible by car, by train, or by air, and _______ by all the three of them.A.m ore often thanB.m ore often than notC.n o more often thanD.l ess often than17.The exhibition at the Science and Technology Center_______ such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.A.d etectsB.e xploitsC.f eaturesD.d emonstrates18.Some companies have introduced flexible workingtime with less emphasis on pressure________.A.t han more on efficiencyB.a nd more efficiencyC.a nd more on efficiencyD.t han efficiency19.There are five flights going to Chicago every day.I don’t care which one we take. We can take _______fits in to your schedule.A.w hichever oneB.s uch oneC.t he same oneD.w hat one20.The uncertain economy has made the stock market very_______.A.v olatileB.p rofitingC.e xplodingD.d etrimentalII. Cloze (15 points)Directions: There are fifteen blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Traffic is a perennial problem in Hong Kong. Over the years many suggestions have been (1) _______ to ease transport difficulties. These include from constructing wider roads and an underground railway system to staggering hours for schools to open and close. Once official report pressed (2) _______ for working hours to be spaced out to (3) _______ congestion at (4) _______ periods. In England and other countries this system is called staggering working hours because many business centers use it. It is (5) _______ that greater working efficiency can be achieved, employees are happier because they can arrange (6) _______personal working hours, buses and trains can be dispatched at suitable (7) _______, and so on. The idea of (8) _______ working days follows on from staggering hours.Land in Hong Kong is extremely expensive, yet (9) _______ and large offices are empty at weekends and mostevenings, too. This appears to be a waste of valuable assets and seems (10) _______in a place noted for its business (11) _______. (12) _______, Saturday and Sunday working is not easy. Church-going and family needs can’t be ignored, but it should be remembered that many already work at (13) _______ hours. Nurses, firemen, doctors, pilots, TV stars, (14) _______, have to come to grips with the problems. It seems reasonable to assume that others could do the same. In fact they might find some (15) _______ in having a day or two off during the week.1. A. raised B. made sure C. given off D. put down2. A. correctly B. immediately C. sympatheticallyD. strongly3. A. deteriorate B. relieve C. improve Dcirculate4. A. peak B. top C. summit D. height5. A. claim B. exclaimed C. reclaimed D.acclaimed6. A. awkward B. cumbersome C. convenient D.burdensome7. A. intervals B. sessions C. periods D.intermission8. A. variable B. varied C. variety D. various9. A. over B. every C. on D. by10. A. feasible B. acceptable C. incredible D.favorable11. A. sense B. sensibility C. sensation D.sensitivity12. A. Hence B. Moreover C. Naturally D.Subsequently13. A. irregular B. so C. too D. regular14. A. in general B. on the contrary C. to call thetruth D. to name only a few15. A. disadvantages B. advantages C. privilegesD. prioritiesIII. Error Correction (10 points)Directions:the passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in a right way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the lineFor a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/ ” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petroland the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horribly. Everybody knows that the nicest men (1) ________become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again,to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’sseat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exceptional to (2)________the rule. Perhaps the situation calls on a ‘Be Kind to (3) ________Other Drivers’ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It took the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers (4) ______to resisting the temptation to revenge when subjected to (5) ________uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politenessgoes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an action of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of (6) ________good will and tolerance so necessary in modern trafficconditions.But such acknowledgement of politeness is all too rare today.Many drivers nowadays don’t ev en seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.Therefore, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.(7) ________Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allowa car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following up (8) ________traffic, when a few second later the road would be clear anyway; (9) ________or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the pathof oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The samegoes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever andwhenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways arenot covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me itwould help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into trafficstreams once at time without causing the total blockages that (10) ________give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t evenlearn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship.Years ago the experts warned us that the car-owner-ship explosionwould demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is hightime for all of us to take this message to heart.IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Passage 1Once upon a time, in the country of Half Mad , which was cut off from the western end of Europe in prehistoric times to prevent the inhabitants from injuring any but themselves, the King fell ill.As he had always been well spoken of, and had established very kindly relations with his subjects , his illness caused a great increase of worries about his family.All the married women saw in the Queen a wife anxious about her husband, with a sick-bed to provide for. All the men saw in the King a fellow-man suffering as they themselves had suffered or might at any moment have to suffer. For sickness is a great Leveller, and consequently a great breeder of sympathy, unlike that Impostor Death, who gives a pompous eminence to even the humblest.And thus, with sympaythy added to loyalty, the nation was in such a state of concern about the King as had never before arisen within living memory. Naturally , the case being one of dangerous illness , it was to the doctors that the nation turned for help and reassurance.1. According the passage（A）the inhabitants injured themselves.(B) the inhabitants injured the others .(C) the inhabitants injured none of the others.(D) the inhabitants injured everybody.2. What can we infer from the passage?(A)All of the people in the country loved the king.(B)All of the people in the country disliked the king.(C)All of the people in the country hated the king.(D)All of the people in the country had a prejudice against the king.3.According to the passage(A) sickness is a great lover..(B) sickness is a great enemy.. (C) sickness is a great friend..(D) sickness is a great equalitarian.4. Which statement of the following is true?(A)The Queen was worried about her husband’s health.(B)The Queen was worried about her husband’s fortune.(C)The Queen was worried about her husband’s reputation.(D)The Queen was worried about her husband’s political power.5. From the text we can infer(A)the people were not sympathetic and loyal.(B)the people were sympathetic and disloyal.(C)the people were neither sympathetic nor loyal.(D)the people were sympathetic and loyal.Passage 2Now in the country of the Half Mad the doctors had long before this taken the place of the medieval church. There was a law that when a man was ill he must on pain of punishment send for his parish priest; but this law had been so long disregarded that only a few specialists in church history knew of its existence. Its place had been taken by a law that when there was sickness in the house the doctor must be sent for, and that if the doctor said that any part of a sick child’s body must be cut out its parents must have that done at once whether they approved or not, or else be haled before a magistrate and heavily fined, or should the child have died, committed for trial for having killed it.To such powers as this were added extraordinary privileges. For instance, doctors were licensed to commit murder with impunity, provided they did it either by in such a manner that the victim did not die until he or shehad been put to bed. Not only was no inquest held and no indictment brought against the doctor, but he was actually paid for his labor, and sometimes invited to the funeral.6. Now in the country of the Half Mad(A) the doctors had long before this got rid of the medieval church.(B) the doctors had long before this replaced the medieval church.(C) the doctors had long before this disliked the medieval church.(D) the doctors had long before this respected the medieval church.7. According to the passage(A) the doctor could cut out any part of a sick child’s body freely.(B) the doctor could cut out any part of a sick child’s body with the permissions of the sick child.(C) the doctor could cut out any part of a sick child’s body with its parents’ permissions .(D) the doctor could not cut out any part of a sick child’s body with its parents’ permissions .8. The doctor(A) was actually paid for his labor, and sometimes invited to the funeral.(B) got nothing for his labor, but sometimes invited to the funeral.(C) got nothing for his labor, but never invited to the funeral.(D) was just invited to the funeral.9. The doctor(A) enjoyed no priviledge.(B) enjoyed much priviledge.(C) enjoyed little priviledge.(D) was poor.10.What did the doctor often do?(A)He often killed the sick.(B) He often visited the sick.(C)He often helped the sick.(D) He often cursed the sick.Passage3“In his mode of delineating natural objects Shakespeare is curiously opposed to Milton. The latter ，who was still by temperament ，and a school master by trade，selects a beautiful object ， put it straight out before him and his readers， and accumulates upon it all the learned imagery of a thousand years：Shakespeare glances at it and says something of his own ：it is not our intention to say that， as a describer of the external world ， Milton is inferior； in set description we rather think that he was the better. We only wish to contrast the mode in which the delineation is effected. One is like an artist who dashes off any number of picturesque sketches at any moment； the other like a man who has lived at Rome and has undergone a through training ，and by deliberate and conscious effort， after a long study of the best masters， reduces a few great pictures.”11. In his mode of delineating natural objects(A) Shakespeare is againnst Milton.(B) Shakespeare is for Milton.(C) Shakespeare dislikes Milton.(D) Shakespeare is quite different from Milton.12. Milton was(A) humous by temperament.(B) lovable by temperament.(C) hot by temperament.(D) quiet by temperament.13. As a describer of the external world，Milton is(A) superior.(B) a failure.(C)) is poor.(D) inferior.14. Milton lived(A) at Rome.(B) in Britain.(C) in Italy.(D) in Germony.15. According to the passage(A) Milton is more gifted than Shakespeare.(B) Shakespeare is more gifted than Milton.(C) Milton is more knowledgeable than Shakespeare.(D) Milton is more serious than Shakespeare. Passage 4A history of the criticism of George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) would reveal that there has never been a consensus about the ultimate value of his dramatic work or about the efficacy of his opinions. He is generally considered to be the greatest playwright of the English-speaking world in the twentieth century, yet detractors insist that his "drama of ideas" led to a theatrical dead end and that the ideas themselves belong to an age, not to all time. Shaw began writing in the 1870s and continued writing to the end of his long life. His first novel was written in 1879; his last play was written more than 70 years later, in 1950. Few literary figures of the twentieth century have attracted more critical attention.16. Critics completely agreed with(A) the ultimate value of Bernard Shaw’s dramatic work or about the efficacy of his opinions.(B) the ultimate value of Bernard Shaw’s dramatic work or about the efficacy of his opinions.(C) the ultimate value of Bernard Shaw’s dramatic work or about the efficacy of his opinions.(D) the ultimate value of Bernard Shaw’s dramatic work or about the efficacy of his theories.17. Bernard Shaw was well known for(A) his novels.(B) his poems.(C) his essays.(D) his plays.18. Bernard Shaw’s "drama of ideas", according to thedetractors,(A) led to a theatrical dead end.(B) led to a good theatrical end.(C) led to no theatrical end.(D) were poor.19.How many literary figures of the twentieth century haveattracted more critical attention than Bernard Shaw?(A) A few.(B)Many.(C)Not A few(D) Few20. Shaw wrote for(A) pleasue.(B) a while.(C) nothing.(D) almost his whole life.V. Translation (25 points)Directions: translate the following Chinese text into English微弱的曙光终于出现了，困乏的漫漫长夜到了尽头。

8. ______ means that a conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form. A. Calculability C. Non-detachability B. Cancellability D. Non-conventionality
9. According to ______, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user. A. Roman Jacobson C. Kenneth Pike B. Leonard Bloomfield D. Noam Chomsky
10. Which of the following sentences includes a metonymy? A. By this hour the volcanic fires of his nature had burnt down. B. The kettle boils. C. Lands belong to the king. D. They have a fleet of fifty sails. 11. W. D. Howells called __________ the Lincoln of our literature. A. Mark Twain C. Nathanial Hawthorne B. Ernest Hemingway D. William Faulkner

青岛大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 622 科目名称： 基础英语(2) (共 9 页) 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1.The resort encourages visitors to _______ the brochure before making a reservation.(A) look through(B) look around(C) look forward to(D) look up to2. The Great Wall, _______ China’s first line of defense, is now merely a tourist attraction.(A) because of(B) being(C) once(D) before3. They were giving nothing_______ dry bread and water for their evening meal.(A) other than(B) more than(C) less than(D) rather than4. _______ of the grassland dwellers of the North America continent is the antelope or pronghorn.(A) Typical(B) Typical is(C) The typical(D) It is typical5. Since I could not see anything through microscope, _______ my careful adjustment, I gave up.(A) for all(B) above all(C) after all(D) in all6. Bids for the proposals must received _______.(A) prior to the deadline March first(B) the March first deadline prior to(C) to the March first deadline prior(D) prior to the March first deadline7. Automations programmed to perform a given task _______ the flexibility and adaptability of human beings.(A) without(B) lack(C) minus(D) not having8. Everyone in the office was asked to _______the gift for the retiring vice-president..(A) look after(B) give over(C) take up for(D) go in for9. Improved technology is always a source of lower costs and a _______ to economic growth.(A) tax(B) spur(C) gem(D) digression10. There has not been a _______ in May since 1908.(A) snowy(B) snowstorm(C) snowing(D) storm of snow11. Mr. Davidson launched his first successful _______ at age of fifteen, when he produced his own radio program.(A) profitability(B) venture(C) equity(D) revenue12. Many companies believe that their lack of knowledge about global markets is an insurmountable _______.(A) border(B) limit(C) barrier13. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will _______ at the end of this month.(A) expire(B) exceed(C) terminate(D) cease14. Automated teller machines enable people to do their banking at anytime, seven days _______.(A) weekly(B) week(C) in a week(D) a week15. A retirement plan ensures one’s well-being in one’s _______.(A) oldness(B) old age(C) elderly(D) senile16. According to one belief, if truth is not to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _______ wait instead of searching for it.(A) would rather(B) had to(C) cannot but(D) had best17. If we _______ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of raw materials.(A) diffuse(B) diminish(C) terminate(D) preclude18. Classical acting is characterized by an eternal _______ of balance between the natural and the stylized.(A) redundancy(B) quest(C) conflict(D) quality19. In some corporations, employees _______ offices, desks, and room assignments.(A) circle(C) take turns(D) exercise20. The various countries are striving to defend their_______ economics against imperialist trade attacks.(A) respected(B) respectful(C) respectable(D) respectiveII. Cloze (15 points)There are fifteen blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care 1 their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who 2 with their parents 3 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live alone.What explains these differences in living arrangements 4 cultures? Modernization theory 5the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people 6 in isolated rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, 7 a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 8 living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance9 . Under this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then 10 their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, 11 broader social changes brought 12 by industrialization and urbanization, have 13 the tradition. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high 14 U. S. standards, but which has been declining steadily. InKorea, too, traditional living arrangements are 15 : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.1. A about B after C for D over2. A reside B recite C redeem D rebel3. A amasses B amounts C attains D reaches4. A over B across C within D above5. A associated B linked C united D combined6. A aside B after C over D behind7. A maintain B promote C reserve D support8. A appointed B assigned C preserved D preferred9. A controls B overtakes C predominates D overwhelms10. A delivers B conveys C conceives D inherits11. A as well as B might as well C as well D well as12. A off B up C around D about13. A undermined B decreased C diminished D defeated14. A by B on C with D in15. A receding B removing C invading D erodingIII. Error Correction (15 points)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in a right way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the lineFor a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧ ” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/ ” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.The pollution of Hong Kong’s Beaches by oil froma damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incidentwhich took place in Britain in1967 when Terrey Canyon,a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastalareas. Shoals of fishes are killed, sea birds hopelessly (1)________fouled with oil and coastal holiday resort put out of business (2)________for several weeks. As a result of this particular incidentscientists are becoming restless in the thought of (3)________Britain’s inability to cope with national disasterson a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technologyis rapidly outstripping man’s ability to control it.Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed toget bigger and bigger without sufficient thought beinggiven to emergent braking and maneuvering arrangement. (4)________ Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made (5)________to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft.Scientists outspoke in expressing their concern (6)________during a recent meeting of the British Association.Unanimous approval was voiced when the leadingspeaker urged that a permanent national rescueservices should be established, equipped forany emergency and ready to move immediately. (7)________Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the onepromoting most discussion was a major releaseof radioactivity from a nuclear power station.One does not need a particularly vivid imaginationto visualize the other possibilities discussed. Whatwould be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing ona large chemical plant handle destroying liquids? (8)________Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse?Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashedunseen into a large reservoir? Dams can burst, normal (9)________ conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts…An intensive study of such possibilities could at leastreduce the effects of future disasters. For example, itwould mean that a number of technical alternative ( such (10)________as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil)could be examined and tested in advance so that especiallytrained expert would know exactly what action was neededin a given emergencyIV．Please read the following passages and choose one of the answers that best completesthe sentence.( 20 points )1. Romanticism: a movement of the late eighteenth century and the nineteenth century that exalts individualism over collectivism, revolutionism over conservatism, innovation over tradition, imagination over reason, and spontaneity over constraint. According to romanticism, art is essentially self-expression, a spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions. A work of art should exemplify organic form so that the parts and the whole are vitally interdependent. Romanticism strives to heal the cleavage between subject and object, "to make the external internal, the internal external, to make nature thought, and thought nature" (Samuel Taylor Coleridge). As a political idea, Romanticism stresses the innate goodness of human beings and the evil of the institutions that trammel and stultify human creativity.1.Romanticism exaltsa.conservatism.b.tradition.c.individualism.d.reason.2. American women endured many inequalities in the 19th century: they were denied the vote, barred from professional schools and most higher education, forbidden to speak in public and even attend public conventions, and unable to own property. Despite these obstacles, a strong women's network sprang up. Through letters, personal friendships, formal meetings, women's newspapers, and books, women furthered social change. Intellectual women drew parallels between themselves and slaves. They courageously demanded fundamental reforms, such as the abolition of slavery and women's suffrage, despite social ostracism and sometimes financial ruin. Their works were the vanguard of intellectual expression of a larger women's literary tradition that included the sentimental novel. Women's sentimental novels, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, were enormously popular. They appealed to the emotions and often dramatized contentious social issues, particularly those touching the family and women's roles and responsibilities.2.The 19th century American women coulda. attend professional schools.b. attend most higher education.c. speak in public.d. write letters and have personal friendships.3. The literary achievement of African-Americans was one of the most striking literary developments of the post-Civil War era. In the writings of Booker T.Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, James Weldon Johnson, Charles Waddell Chesnutt, Paul Laurence Dunbar, and others, the roots of black American writing took hold, notably in the forms of autobiography, protest literature, sermons, poetry, and songs.3.During the post-Civil War era one of the most famousAfrican-American writers isa.Washington Irving.b.Charles Dickens.c.James Joyce.d.W.E.B. Du Bois.4. American literature begins with the orally transmitted myths, legends, tales, and lyrics (always songs) of Indian cultures. There was no written literature among the more than 500 different Indian languages and tribal cultures that existed in North America before the first Europeans arrived. Though these tribal cultures spoke as many as more than 350 languages, no Indian tribe had a written language until Sequoyah invented a syllabary for an Indian tribe in 1821. Accordingly, there was no written literature among these divergent tribal cultures until late 18th century. Instead, native cultures were sustained almost entirely through the oral tradition.4.American Indians contributed enormously to American literature which starts witha. romanticism.b. realism.c. modernism .d. myths, legends, tales, and lyrics.V．(1)Translate the following from English into Chinese(15 points)For many days we had been tempest-tossed. Six times had the darkness closed over a wild and terrific scene , and returning light as often brought but renewed distress, for the raging storm increased in fury until on the seventh day all hope was lost.We were driven completely out of our course; no conjecture could be formed as to our whereabouts. The crew had lost heart, and were utterly exhausted by incessant labour.The riven masts had gone by the board, leaks had been sprung in every direction, and the water, which rushed in, gained upon us rapidly. Instead of reckless oaths, the seamen now uttered frantic cries to god for mercy, mingledwith strange and often ludicrous vows, to be performed should deliverance be granted.Every man on board alternately commended his soul to his Creator, and strove to bethink himself of some means of saving his life.(2)Translate the following from Chinese into English (15 points)我生活的故事海伦·凯勒在我的记忆里，恩师安·曼斯菲尔·索利凡光临到我身边的那一日，是我生命中最为重要的一天。

rules.
A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. transformational D. functional
6. Which of the following is the correct description of [v]?
1
A. voiceless labiodental fricative
12. “O wind, /If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” From this line we
can see the mood of the poet is_______.
A. pessimism
B. optimism
C. realism
D. determination
13. Which of the following is not a feature marked The Jazz Age?
A. frivolity
B. carelessness
C. hedonism
D. optimism
2
14. Which of the following is the father of modern English poetry?
it refers to.
A. Connotative
B. Denotative
C. Affective
D. Reflected
9. The process of word formation in which a verb, for example, blacken, is
formed by adding –en to the adjective black, is called ________.

15. One must not ________people--that is the chief thing. Better say to man "My angel" than hurl "Fool" at his head--though men are more like fools than they are like angels.
13. Animal cruelty is a _______act punishable by law in every state, but in recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the link between animal cruelty and violence to other humans as well.
11. “To ensure the narrators' thoughts and languages flowed smoothly, I avoided any questions suggestive of my own opinion.” the writer says. His book won support from a host of ________writers and veteran journalists.
The homeless make up a growing percentage ofAmerica’s population. ___1___ homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly ___2___. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___3___ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：622科目名称：基础英语（2）（共9页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part I.Cloze(20points)Directions:there are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You must choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Music comes in many forms;most countries have a style of their own.1 the turn of the century when jazz was born,America had no prominent2of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was3,or by whom.But it began to be4in the early1900s.Jazz is Americas contribution to5music.In contrast to classical music,which6formal European traditions,jazz is spontaneous and free form.It bubbles with energy,7the moods,interests, and emotions of the people.In the1920s jazz8like America,and9 it does today.The10of this music are as interesting as the music11.American Negroes,or blacks,as they are called today,were the jazz12.They were brought to Southern States13slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long14.When a Negro died his friend and relatives15a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans,a band often accompanied the16.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow,solemn music suited to the occasion.17on the way home the mood changed.Spirits lifted.Death had removed one of their18, but the living were glad to be alive.The band played19music,improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes20at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance.It was an early form of jazz.1. A.By B.At C.In D.On2. A.music B.song C.melody D.style3. A.discovered B.acted C.invented D.designed4. A.noticed B.found C.listened D.heard5. A.classical B.sacred C.popular D.light6. A.forms B.follows C.approaches D.introduces7. A.expressing B.explaining C.exposing D.illustrating8. A.appeared B.felt C.seemed D.sounded9. A.as B.so C.either D.neither10.A.origins B.originals C.discoveries D.resources11.A.concerned B.itself C.available D.oneself12.A.players B.followers C.fans D.pioneers13.A.for B.as C.with D.by14.A.months B.weeks C.hours D.times15.A.demonstrated posed C.hosted D.formed16.A.demonstration B.procession C.body D.march17.A.Even B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.But18. A.number B.members C.body D.relations19. A.sad B.solemn C.happy D.funeral20. A.whistled B.sung C.presented D.showedPart II.Error Correction(10points)Directions:the passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in a right way.For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a“∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross out the unnecessary word with a slash“/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Sporting activities are essentially modified forms ofhunting behavior.Viewing biologically,the modern 1.________ footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised huntingpack.His killing weapon has turned into a harmless footballand his prey into a goal-mouth.If his aimis inaccurate and he scores a goal, 2.________ enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. 3.________ To understand how this transformation hastaken place we must briefly look up at 4.________ our ancient ancestors.They spent over amillion year evolving as co-operative hunters. 5.________ Their very survival depended on successin the hunting-field.Under this pressureTheir whole way of life,even if their bodies 6.________ became radically changed.They became chasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,。

2016年山东青岛大学英语基础综合考研真题I. For each question, there are four choices of answers. Only one choice is correct.(20 points)1. The distinction between langue and parole was put forward by _____.A. Leonard BloomfieldB. Ferdinand de SaussureC. Noam ChomskyD. M. A. K. Halliday2. Phonetic study can be conducted on three different levels. Which of the following is not one of them?,A. articulatory phoneticsB. auditory phoneticsD. acoustic phonetics D. functional phonetics3. The “semantic triangle” was proposed byA. Plato and AristotleB. Ogden and RichardsC. Chomsky and HalleD. Leech and Palmer4. Which of the following is true of the “women register”?A. Women use more “fancy” color terms.B. Women use stronger swearing words.C. Women use more slang expressions.D. Women use more direct expressions.5. Which of the following statements is not made about sociolinguistics?A. It has contributed to a fresh look at the nature of language development and use.B. It has contributed to the development of theoretical linguistics.C. It has contributed to a change of emphasis in the content of languageteaching.D. It has contributed to innovations in materials and activities for the language classroom.6. The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages proves the ______ of language.A. dualityB. creativityC. arbitrarinessD. displacement7. Which of the following is the correct description of the [f] sound?A. voiceless labiodental fricativeB. voiced labiodental fricativeC. voiceless labiodental stopD. voiced labiodental stop8. ______ means that a conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form.A. CalculabilityB. CancellabilityC. Non-detachabilityD. Non-conventionality9. According to ______, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user.A. Roman JacobsonB. Leonard BloomfieldC. Kenneth PikeD. Noam Chomsky10. Which of the following sentences includes a metonymy?A. By this hour the volcanic fires of his nature had burnt down.B. The kettle boils.C. Lands belong to the king.D. They have a fleet of fifty sails.11. W. D. Howells called __________ “the Lincoln of our literature.”A. Mark TwainB. Ernest HemingwayC. Nathanial HawthorneD. William Faulkner12. “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twaincalled Huckleberry Finn” is a comment given by_________.A. Nathanial HawthorneB. William FaulknerC. Ernest HemingwayD. W. D. Howells13. Which of the following is NOT the major feature of American naturalism?A. Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment.B. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires.C. Naturalism views human beings as animals in the world.D. True reality can be found in the smiling aspects of middle-class life.14. Which of the following is NOT the public image Ernest Hemingway created for himself?A. A big game hunter.B. A lost husband.C. A deep sea fisherman.D. A roistering drinker.15. Which of the following is not used to describe the 1920s of America?A. The Gilded Age.B. The roaring 20s.C. The Jazz Age.D. The Dollar Decade.16. All the following writers are Jewish Americans, which group can best represent the Jewishness in American literature?A. Bellow, Singer, Mailer, and Ginsberg.B. Bellow, Singer, Malamud, and Roth.C. Bellow, Singer, Heller, and Roth.D. Bellow, Singer, Malamud, and Mailer.17. Which of the following is the best and most representative of the contemporary black writers?A. Toni MorrisonB. Ralph EllisonC. James BaldwinD. Alice Walker18. Faulkner was a great avant-garde experimenter. Which of the following is NOT the modern technique he employed?A. He used the device of stream of consciousness.B. He stresses authorial interference.C. He used the floating or multiple points of view.D. He used a circular form instead of a linear structure.19. ________is the only American playwright who won the Nobel Prize for literature.A. Eugene O’NeillB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Arthur MillerD. Edward Albee20. Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet in that his subject matters mainly focus on ______.A. New EnglandB. New YorkC. American SouthD. American WestII. Define the following terms. (20 points)1. Hyponymy2. Cooperative Principle3. The American Dream4. Dramatic MonologueIII．Answer the following questions. (40 points)1. As students of linguistics, how should we understand the relationships between functionalism and formalism?2. Please summarize the story of Pride and Prejudice and provide your own understanding of the novel.IV. Translate the underlined paragraphs into English. (20 points)你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你们一句话罢。

2014年青岛大学外语学院642基础英语（1）考研真题Part One Vocabulary and Structure(25points)Choose the word or the set of words that,when inserted in the sentence,best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1.Known for her_____,Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.A.cowardiceB.prudenceC.hospitalityD.loyalty2.The ambassador argues that,in diplomacy,there is a subtle but important difference between a country’s showing a willingness to_____and a too-obvious readiness to make_____.A.negotiate;concessionsB.antagonize;friendsB.dominate;inquiriesD.equivocate;denunciation3.Lewis Latimer’s inexpensive method of producing carbon filaments_____the nascent electric industry by making electric lamps commercially_____.A.cheapened;affordableB.transformed;viableC.provoked;improbableD.stimulated;inaccessible4.The prose of Richard Wright’s autobiographical Black Boy(1945)_____,free of stylistic tricks or evasiveness.A.impreciseB.straightforwardC.deficientD.elliptical5.It seemed from the size of the crowd,which was_____,and the resonance of its cheers,which were_____,that the team was experiencing a resurgence of popularity.A.vast;hollowB.unimpressive;mutedC.enormous;deafeningD.negligible;rousing6.Evidence that the universe is expanding_____our perception of the cosmos and thus caused a_____in astronomical thinking.A.advanced;setbackB.altered;revolutionC.reinforced;crisisD.halted;breakthrough7.Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because,although hit_____some problems,it also produced new_____.A.clarified;dataB.eased;interpretationsC.resolved;complicationsD.caused;hypotheses8.It is puzzling to observe that Jones’s novel has recently been criticized for its _____structure,since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious_____is its relentlessly rigid,indeed schematic,framework.A.attention to;preoccupationB.speculation about;characteristicC.violation of;contradictionck of;flaw9.With its maverick approach to the subject,Shere Hite’s book has been more widely debated than most;the media throughout the country have brought the author’s_____opinions to the public’s attention.A.controversialB.authoritativeC.popularD.conclusive10.The characterization of historical analysis as a form of fiction is not likely to bereceived_____by either historians or literary critics,who agree that history and fiction deal with_____orders of experience.A.quietly;significantlyB.enthusiastically;shiftingC.passively;unusualD.sympathetically;distinct11.The_____of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution;in turn,the new expansion in literacy,as well as cheaper printing,helped to nurture the _____of popular literature.A.building;mistrustB.reappearance;displayC.emergence;riseD.selection;influence12.Although ancient tools were_____preserved,enough have survived to allow usto demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally_____progress through prehistory.A.partially;noticeableB.superficially;necessaryC.rarely;continualD.needlessly;incessant13.Kagan maintains that an infant’s reactions to its first stressful experiences arepart of a natural process of development,not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or_____signs of adolescent anxiety.A.propheticB.normalC.virtualD.monotonous14.In a_____society that worships efficiency,it is difficult for a sensitive andidealistic person to make the kinds of_____decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society.A.rational;well-intentionedB.pragmatic;hardheadedpetitive;evenhandedD.modern;dysfunctional15.Agronomists are increasingly worried about“desertification,”thephenomenon that is turning many of the world’s_____fields and pastures into _____wastelands,unable to support the people living on them.A.fertile;barrenB.productive;bloomingC.arid;thrivingrgest;saturated16.Old beliefs die hard:even when jobs became_____the long-standing fear thatunemployment could return at a moment’s notice_____.A.vacant;perishedB.plentiful;persistedC.protected;subsidedD.available;receded17.Politeness is not a_____attribute of human behavior,but rather a central virtue,one whose very existence is increasingly being_____by the faddish requirement to“speak one’s mind.”A.superficial;threatenedB.pervasive;undercutC.worthless;forestalled。

青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 642 科目名称：基础英语(共12页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (30 points )Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1. Like a credit card in appearance, the smart card contains a microchip that stores digital tokens which can be exchanged for goods, just like ______ cash.A. concreteB. tentativeC. tangibleD. intact2. The Team of England, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to______ themselves for last year’s defeat.A. reviveB. retortC. revenge D remedy3. When Tastuma first came to the US from Japan, he wasn’t sure he could ______ intothe American culture, but after a few months , he felt at home here.A. absorbB. transformC. digest D assimilate4. The constitution of the State required that property should be _____ for taxation at itsmarket value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC. evaluatedD. valued5. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the 18th century are evidence thatmedieval ______ natural settings had been ______and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.A. fear of …exorcisedB. concerns about …regainedC. affection for …surmountedD. disinterest in …alleviated6. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having ________ the conflicting elements of her life.A.affirmedB. highlightedC. reconciledD. confined7. In the 20th century, the discovery of radium _____ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value ______ that of the rarest gemstone.A. stormed … diminishedB. horrified …approachedC. enflamed… exceededD. conspired… triggered8. Since the 15th century, animals have been used as ____ for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.A. benefactorsB. companionsC. surrogatesD. precedents9. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are _______ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of10. The disagreement over the trade restrictions could seriously _______ relations between the two countries.A. tumbleB. jeopardizeC. manipulateD. intimidate11. New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such treats maypose new risks---from _____the weeds themselves.A. anything butB. other thanC. more thanD. none other than12. In this small village, he found few persons ___ to him and felt quite lonely.A. congenitalB. contentiousC. congenialD. Concurrent13. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ____ afall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. andB. as C but D or14. Bipartisan bills are pending in Congress that would eliminate all travel restrictionsand ______ the embargo.A. freeB. slackenC. unwindD. ease15. Rather than enhancing a country's security, the successful development of nuclearweapons could serve at first to increase that country's ________.A.boldnessB.influenceC. responsibilityD. vulnerability16. Although scientists claim that the seemingly ________ language of their reports ismore precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently ________.A.ornamental ... subtleB. unidimensional ... unintelligibleC. symbolic ... complexD. literal ... allusive17. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ________, which makesthem ________ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect andpunish wrongdoing.A.contested ... provisionalB. circumvented ... antiquatedB.repealed ... vulnerable D. violated ... ineffective18. The pressure of population on available resources is the key to understanding history;consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of______ factsis______ flawed.A.demographic….intrinsicallyB.ecological…. marginallyC. cultural…..substantivelyD. psychological…philosophically19. By putting billions of dollars into the ailing automaker, the Obama administrationhas placed a huge bet on the effort to revive and _____ the company through the elimination of brands, dealerships and factories.A. streamlineB. strayC. strikeD. strife20. Under the deal, the union’s cost-of-living interests, performance bonuses and someholiday pay will be _____ to offset health-care costs.A. sustainB. retakeC. swabD. suspend21. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ____efficiency gains frominternational trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.A. secureB. extendC. defendD. possess22. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely toresult in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and _____ energy we have had in the times past.A. exquisiteB. resilientC. copiousD. formidable23. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been, unhappily, more likelyto intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. enticeB. strengthenC. transformD. repel24. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when shecan substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric25. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue todominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admireD. flout26. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity,science often operates through error, happy accidents, ________ and persistence in spite of mistakes.A. controlsB. hunchesC. deductionsD. calculations27. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope tomake the contents of manuscripts more _____ to scholars.A.objectiveB. accessibleC. appealingD. implicit28. Despite the ________ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun toemphasize "pop culture" as a key for ________ the myths, hopes, and fears ofcontemporary society.A.antipathy ... entanglingB. discernment ... evaluatingC. skepticism ... decipheringD. pedantry ... reinstating29. The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager,were______ their few and simple desires.A.simultaneous withB. commensurate withC. substantiated byD. ruined by30. Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut ________ that describe theappropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be ________ about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.A.functions ... rigidityB. estimates ... indirectnessC. norms ... confusionD. regulations ... certaintyPART II PROOF READING AND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.In many states, budget requests by state universities have had tobe scaled back or frozen, while tuition, the share of the cost borne bythe students themselves, has gone up. The problem with the governors (1) __________is particularly distressing because they all agree that the quality oftheir colleges and universities helps drive the economic enginesof their states. And they are constantly being told by everyone like (2) ___________college administrators to editorial writers that only way to make (3)___________their state universities better is to spend more money.But it was against this backdrop that members of the Association(4)___________came together in this city to discuss issues of common concern, oneis higher education. And the focus of their talks about colleges(5)____________centered not on how money could be more effectively directed,but on what to get greater productivity out of a system that has(6)____________become highly inefficient and resistive against change.(7)_____________As a result, the governors will embark a three-year study of (8) _____________higher education system and how to make state colleges anduniversities better able to meet the challenges of a global economy inthe 21st century. And judging from the tenor and tone of theirdiscussion, the study could produce a push in for higher standards, (9) ___________more efficiency and greater accountability. Pennsylvania GovernorTom Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetingsresolute with the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and (10) ____________possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of newtechnologies and a changing work force.PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage1Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-- Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerkgives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner.Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers —a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark! ”), brokenNonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light t o change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a wait- ing-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——th at’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-The orderliness of the society doesn’t mea n that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt itsBut there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenshi p, and you shouldn’t feel bad fo r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecating2. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the paA. Fondness of foreign culture.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.3. The author’s reaction to the statemen t by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ___.A. disapprovingB. approving D. doubtful4D. prevents Danes from acknowledg5. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT thatC. the open system helps to tide the couPassage 2Education is an important theme in youth athletics in the US. Young kids, energetic, noisy, uncontrollable, confined to class, yearn for the relative freedom of the football field, the basketball court, the baseball diamond. They long to kick and throw things and tackle each other, and the fields of organized play offer a place in which to act out these impulses. Kids are basically encouraged, after all, to beat each other up in the football field. Yet for all the chaos, adult guidance and supervision are never far off, and time spent on the athletic fields is meant to be productive. Conscientious coaches seek to impart lessons in teamwork, self-sacrifice, competition, gracious winning and losing. Teachers at least want their pupils worn out so they’ll sit still in reading class.By the time children start competing for spots on junior high soccer teams or tennis squads, the kids’ gloves have come off to some extent. The athletic fields become less a place to learn about soft values like teamwork than about hard self-discipline and competition. Competitiveness, after all, is prized highly by Americans, perhaps more so than by other peoples. For a child, being cut from the hockey team or denied a spot on the swimming is a grave disappointment—— and perhaps an opportunity for emotional or spiritual growth.High school basketball or football teams are places where the ethos of competition is given still stronger emphasis. Although high school coaches still consider themselves educators, the sports they oversee are not simple extensions of the classroom. They are important social institutions, for football games bring people together. In much of the US they are events where young people and their elders mingle and see how the community is evolving.For the best players, the progression from little league to junior high to high schoolleads to a scholarship at a famous college and maybe, one day, a shot at the pros. To all appearances, college athletes are student-athletes, an ideal that suggests a balance between the intellectual rigors of the university and the physical rigors of the playing field. The reality is skewed heavily in favor of athletics. One would have difficulty showing that major US college sports are about education. Coaches require far too much of players’ time to be truly concerned with any thing other than performance in sport. Too often, the players they recruit seem to care little about school themselves.This was not always the case. Universities — Princeton, Harvard, Rutgers, Yale —were the birthplaces of American football and baseball; education—the formation of “character” —was an important part of what those coaches and players thought they were achieving. In 1913, when football was almost outlawed in the US, the game’s most prominent figures traveled to Washington and argued successfully that football was an essential part of the campus experience and that the nation would be robbed of its boldest young men, its best potential leaders, if the game were banned.The idea that competitive sports build character, a western tradition dating from ancient Greece, has evidently fallen out of fashion in today’s US. Educators, now prone to see the kind of character shaped by football and basketball in dark light, have challenged the notion that college sports produce interesting people. Prominent athletes, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and basketball star Charles Markley, deliberately distanced themselves from the earlier ideal of the athlete as a model figure. Today’s US athlete is thus content to be an entertainer.Trying to do something socially constructive, like being a role model, will make you seem over-earnest and probably hurt your street credibility.When I was a kid, my heroes played on Saturdays: they were high school players and college athletes. Pro football games, broadcast on Sunday afternoons, were dull and uninspiring by comparison. After all, why would God schedule anything important for Sun day? You’ve got school the next day.Although I certainly couldn’t have articulated it at the time, I think I must already have sensed that throwing a ball or catching passes was a fairly pointless thing to be good at. In the grand scheme, it was a silly preparation for a job. Yet playing sports was not pointless; the point, however, was that you were learning something——a disposition, a certain virtue, a capacity of arduous endeavor——that might be of value when you later embarked upon a productive career as a doctor or a schoolteacher or a businessman. The optimism of those Saturday afternoons was infectious. I still feel that way today.6. Pupils mainly learn ______ on the athletic fields.A. soft valuesB. hard valuesC. value for freedomD. value of equality7. In high school basketball or football teamsA. hard values are less emphasizedB. the sports are separated fromclassrooms.C. the social function of sports is prominent.D. the coaches are less of educators.8. Which of the following is NOT true about college sports?A. The best players may end up getting a scholarship at a famous college.B. College athletes have always cared little about school themselves.C. College sports are more in favor of athletics than education.D. The formation of “character” used to be the goal of coaches and players.9. The author’s attitude toward the notion of “athletes as entertainers” isA. positiveB. neutralC. negativeD. impossible to tell.10. The best title for this passage isA. Education System in the USB. Development of Athletics in the USC. US Education in Youth AthleticsD. Development of Education in the US.Passage 3Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of the citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyon e’s solution, everyon e’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is , as it has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promised to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he is trying to read goes back to long before the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth.Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story issimple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn't moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planets; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves."What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events." Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope."Its part of our nature, this movement," Miller said, "It's just a fact of the human condition."11. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.12. What do we know about Spencer Wells from the passage?A. He thought genes can tell where people have come from.B. He wrote a book about the history of genes.C. He read the first history book at Stanford UniversityD. He agreed human migration was from Transcaucasia and central Asia.13. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasonsEXCEPT ______.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities14. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.15. There seems to be a(n) ______ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remotePART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (40 Points)What happens to the students who cheat on the two college admissions exam, the SAT and the ACT? Not as much as you might think. It isn’t particularly easy to cheat on these exams, but that doesn’t stop some students from trying. They do it in all the ways you might imagi ne: Copying off someone else’s paper, texting on a cellphone for answers, bringing in cheat sheets, having someone else take the test for them.And some cheat in ways you might not consider: In South Korea, a test prep tutor was investigated for allegedly buying scanned copies of sections of the SAT and then emailing them, with the answers, to South Koreans in Connecticut who were going to take the test 12 hours later. Another SAT tutor in South Korea was arrested for getting students taking the SAT to put test questions into a calculator they were allowed to use, and to hide small blades in their erasers that they used to cut out pages of the test. So, you ask, what happens to students suspected of cheating on the SAT or the ACT?I asked both the College Board, which owns the SA T, and ACT Inc., which owns the ACT, to explain what triggers suspicion of cheating and what happens to students found to be cheating. Ed Co lby, spokesman for the ACT, said he couldn’t tell me exactly how many investigations are conducted each year for security reasons. Tom Ewing, a spokesman for the Educational Testing Service, which administers the SAT for the College Board, said there are a few thousand questionable test scores each year out of more than 2 million tests. Both said a review of a student’s test could be triggered in one of several ways, including an audit that flags scores that have risen dramatically, or by a tip from outside parties, such as a guidance counselor, college admissions officer or NCAA official.PART V WRITING (40 Points)In most countries, with the widespread of the use of Internet, people have more freedom to choose to work and study at home instead of travelling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?Write an essay of about 400words, Use specific reasons/examples to support your position on the statement above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（2）2012青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：622 科目名称：基础英语（2）（共11 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions:choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It has long been known that the total sleep _____ is 100 percent fatal for the rats.A. reductionB. destructionC. deprivationD. restriction2.When the work is well done, a ________of accident-free ope rations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.A. regulationB. climateC. circumstanceD. requirement3.The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S spac e shuttle. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ________ of flying into space and returning many times.A. capableB. suitableC. efficientD. fit4. The new experiments, such as those described for the firsttime at a recent meeting of the society for sleep research in Minneapolis; suggest fascinating explanations ______ of non J-REM sleep.A. in the lightB. by virtueC. with the exceptionD. for the purpose5. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance _____ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity.A. forB. againstC. ofD. towards6.The rats develop bacterial infection of the blood, ______their immune systems，the self protecting mechanism against diseases，had crashed.A. itB. as ifC. only ifD. if only7. It can be ready for _____ trip in about two weeks.A. newB. anotherC. certainD. subsequent8. ______ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasinglybecoming a nation of part timers and temporary cookers.A. Even thoughB. Now thatC. If onlyD. Provided that9.He can continue to support himself and his family _____ he produces a surplus.A. only ifB. much asC. long beforeD. ever since10．It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o’clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play11. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ______ moviecould not hold our attention.A. three-hoursB. three-hourC. three-hour’D. three-hour’s12. There other problems which I don’t propose to ______ at the moment.A. go intoB. go roundC. go forD. go up13. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,______ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. there wasC. there having beenD. should there be14. He had ______ on the subject.A. a rather strong opinionB. rather strong opinionC. rather the strong opinionD. the rather strong opinion15. ______ the English exam I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. But forD. As for16. The policemen went into action ______ they heard the alarm.A. PromptlyB. presentlyC. quicklyD. directly17. Bob was completely ______ by the robbers’ disguise.A. taken awayB. taken downC. taken toD. taken in18. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ______ to the total cost of the product.A. proportionB. correlationC. connectionD. correspondence19. We must ______ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.A. assureB. secureC. ensureD. issue20. It is felt that he lacked the ______ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.A. petitionB. engagementC. commitmentD. qualificationPart II. Cloze (20 points)Directions:there are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __1_ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __2__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __3_ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __4__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __5__ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _6_ the factthat children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __7__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __8_ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly __9__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that _10_ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment _11 _ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in _12__ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also _13_ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; _14__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __15_ was common in the traditional family_16_. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other__17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased _18_ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __19_ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committinga criminal act; __20_ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. A acting B relying C centering D cementing2. A before B unless C until D because3. A interaction B assimilation C cooperation D consultation4. A return B reply C reference D response5. A or B but rather C but D or else6. A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding7. A on B in C for D with8. A immune B resistant C sensitive D subject9. A affect B reduce C check D reflect10. A point B lead C come D amount11. A in general B on average C by contrast D at length12. A case B short C turn D essence13. A survived B noticed C undertaken D experienced14. A contrarily B consequently C similarly D simultaneously15. A than B that C which D as16. A system B structure C concept D heritage17. A assessable B identifiable C negligible D incredible18. A expense B restriction C allocation D availability19. A incidence B awareness C exposure D popularity20. A provided B since C although D supposingPart III. Error Correction (10 points)Directions:the passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in a right way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.Foran unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/ ”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards ofambition-wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny-mustbe deemed worth of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf(1)_________ If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must bewidely shared: and it especially must be highly regardedby people who are themselves admired of, theeducated(2)_________not least among them. In an odd way, therefore, it is the (3)_________ educated who have claimed to have given up ambition as (4)_________an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps mostbenefited from ambition——if not always their own thenthat of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavynote of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barndoor after the horses have escaped-with the educatedthemselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seemless interested in success and its signs not than former (5)_________ Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change, but suchitems do not seem more in demand today than a decade (6)________or two years age. What has happened is that peoplecannot confess wholly to their dreams, as easily and (7)_________ openly as once they could, lest they would be thought (8)_________ pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treatedto fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more thanever seem in ample supply: the critic of Americanmaterialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his mealsin three-star restaurants; the journalist advocatingparticipation democracy in all phases of life, whose (9)________own children are enrolled in private schools. Forsuch people and many more perhaps not soexceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeedat all cost but avoid appearing ambitious”. (10)________Part IV. Reading Comprehension (28 points)Directions:there are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions . For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.The U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) between the industrial North and the agricultural, slave-owning South was a watershed in American history. However, one important thing to note is that slavery is only one of the many factors that caused the war. On the economic level, the war marks the unresolved conflict between the agrarian south and the industrialized north, between the rural plantation economy and the commercialization and industrialism of the north, with its great factories and machines. Politically, it marks a conflict between the democratic ideals of Jefferson (small government, rural economy) and the federal ideals of Hamilton (centralized government, large business). So, finally northern industrialism triumphed over southern agrarianism, the factory defeated the farm and the United States then headed toward capitalism. Soon the country changed in remarkable ways. From 1860 to 1914, the United States was transformed from a small, young, agricultural ex-colony to a huge, modern, industrial nation. People, including formerly enslaved blacks, left rural homes for opportunities in urban cities.1. A. Slavery is only one of the many factorsB. Politics is the most important reason.C. Economy is the most important reason.D. Industry is the most important reason.The U.S. economy became more focused on factory production; Americans did not have to chiefly rely on farming and agriculture to support their families. Increasing industrialization, mechanization and commercialization of the country soon produced extremes of wealth and poverty. Wealth and power were more and more concentrated in the hands of the few. In the meantime, life for the millions was fast becoming a virtual struggle for survival. Problems of urbanization and industrialization appeared: poor and overcrowded housing, unsanitary conditions, low pay (called "wage slavery"), difficult working conditions, and inadequate restraints on business. Labor unions grew, and strikes brought the plight of working people to national awareness. More and more people sensed the failure of American romantic ideals and the gradual corruption of American dream. Indeed, post-bellum America is a time of affluence and prosperity, but beneath the glittering surface of prosperity there lay suffering and unhappiness.2. Which of the following is true?A. People had more wealth and power.B. Few people had more wealth and power.C. Many people had more wealth and power.D. Countless people had more wealth and power.Business boomed after the war. War production had boosted industry in the North and given it prestige and political clout. It also gave industrial leaders valuable experience in the management of men and machines. The enormous natural resources -- iron, coal, oil, gold, and silver -- of the American land benefitted business. The new intercontinental rail system, inaugurated in 1869, and the transcontinental telegraph, which began operating in 1861, gave industry access to materials,markets, and communications. The constant influx of immigrants provided a seemingly endless supply of inexpensive labor as well. Over 23 million foreigners -- German, Scandinavian, and Irish in the early years, and increasingly Central and Southern Europeans thereafter -- flowed into the United States between 1860 and 1910. Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino contract laborers were imported by Hawaiian plantation owners, railroad companies, and other American business interests on the West Coast.3. A. The war put industry forward.B. The war slowed down industry .C. The war stopped industry .D. The war damaged industry .In 1860, most Americans lived on farms or in small villages, but by 1919 half of the population was concentrated in about 12 cities. Problems of urbanization and industrialization appeared: poor and overcrowded housing, unsanitary conditions, low pay (called "wage slavery"), difficult working conditions, and inadequate restraints on business. Labor unions grew, and strikes brought the plight of working people to national awareness. Farmers, too, saw themselves struggling against the "money interests" of the East, the so-called robber barons like J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller. Their eastern banks tightly controlled mortgages and credit so vital to western development and agriculture, while railroad companies charged high prices to transport farm products to the cities. The farmer gradually became an object of ridicule, lampooned as an unsophisticated "hick" or "rube." The ideal American of the post-Civil War period became the millionaire. In 1860, there were fewer than 100 millionaires; by 1875, there were more than 1,000.4. A. According to the above, industrialization brought entirehappiness.B. According to the above, industrialization brought problems.C. According to the above, industrialization brought benefits.D. According to the above, industrialization brought illness.Part V. Translation (30 points)Directions: (1) translate the following from English into Chinese(15 points)Entirely agreeing with this view of the subject, desired the lads to lay aside their guns for the present, and the younger ones readily applied themselves to making snares of the long threads drawn from the leaves of the karatas, in a simple way I taught them, while Fritz and Ernest gave me substantial assistance in the manufacture of the new sledge.Soon after this, as Jack was setting the newly mad snares among the branches, he discovered that a pair of our own pigeons were building inthe tree. It was very desirable to increase our stock of these pretty birds,and cautioned the boys against shooting near our tree while they had neststhere, and also with regard to the snares which were meant only to entrapthe wild fig-eaters.(2)Translate the following from Chinese into English (15 points)尽管孩子们对于布置陷阱很感兴趣，但是在节约弹药方面他们也是束手无策。