中西文化比较期末答案

1道家的美学是让艺术和合到()中。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、风俗B、人伦C、礼数D、自然正确答案： D 我的答案：D2亨廷顿的《文明冲突论》是按()来划分对立双方。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、种族B、地域C、阶级D、文明正确答案： D 我的答案：D3西方文学的发展上,主观的浪漫抒情可以追溯到()。

（1.0分）0.0 分A、柏拉图B、卢梭C、苏格拉底D、亚里士多德正确答案：B 我的答案：A4运用大量排比是()的文章的特点。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、孔子B、孟子C、荀子D、韩非子正确答案： C 我的答案：C5关于西方哲学,下列说法错误的是()。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、是从形而上学的纯粹理论探讨转向实用哲学、实证哲学和生命哲学B、从本体论、认识论探讨转向人学本题的探讨C、从切中实质、为人处事的道德训条转向关于万物本源的探讨D、从具有浓重虚构性的类似神学的哲学到摆脱虚构的科学哲学和人本哲学正确答案：C 我的答案：C6中西审美与科学的思维差异,表现为()的差异。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、概念B、形式C、文字D、审美正确答案： A 我的答案：A7尼采认为自己是酒神艺术家,而酒神艺术家最高的表现形式是()。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、政治B、文学C、音乐D、美术正确答案：C 我的答案：C8六经中属于史书的是()。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、《易经》B、《诗经》C、《尚书》D、《礼记》正确答案：C 我的答案：C9儒家伦理执着于()。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、彼岸B、前世C、来世D、现世正确答案：D 我的答案：D10中国文化认为,天下大德曰()。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、真B、死C、生D、和正确答案：C 我的答案：C11()认为德性就是力量。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、尼采B、黑格尔C、康德D、歌德正确答案： C 我的答案：C12雨果的()序言中已经要求艺术不要避开丑。

（1.0分）1.0 分A、《笑面人》B、《死囚之末日》C、《爱尔那尼》D、《克伦威尔》正确答案： D 我的答案：D13《抵抗力》的作者是()。

中西文化比较（辜正坤）课后答案一、人类文化演进九大律人类文化演进九大律（一）1 在对待西化的态度上，一直是西化占上风。

正确答案：×我的答案：×2 中国人对西化经历了一个先是盲目地吸收，然后又盲目地排斥的过程。

正确答案：√我的答案：√3 关于五四时期白话诗与格律诗的搏斗，下列说法错误的是：A、是文学形式的搏斗B、是文学内容的搏斗C、是审美价值观的搏斗D、是政治上的选择正确答案：B 我的答案：B4 我们常说的“喜新厌旧”体现了人类文化演进中的:A、生态、环境横向决定律B、物欲原动力律C、审美递增、递减D、阴阳二级对立转化律正确答案：C 我的答案：C人类文化演进九大律（二）1 人的艺术审美不是一朝一日形成的，不能一下子被另一种审美情趣代替。

正确答案：√我的答案：√2 大多数人被排斥在艺术的审美圈子之外，这是艺术发展的大致趋势。

正确答案：×我的答案：×3 审美不可以：A、自我营造B、自我塑造C、自我积淀D、自我积累正确答案：D 我的答案：D4 下列哪项体现了审美递增规律：A、吃面包越吃越不想吃B、脏话说多了就没有感觉了C、过了热恋时期没有当初的激情D、熟能生巧正确答案：B 我的答案：B人类文化演进九大律（三）1 东西方文化的关系不是：A、阴阳循环B、彼此割裂C、互进互退D、相互作用正确答案：B 我的答案：B2 下列哪一项不是辜正坤提到的东西方文化的关系：A、互根B、互补C、互帮D、互抗正确答案：C 我的答案：C3 根据阴阳二极对立转化律，东方文化衰落的时候，西方文化会：A、衰落B、兴盛C、灭亡D、都有可能正确答案：B 我的答案：B4 阴阳两极既是对立的，又是转化的，阴直接转化为阳，阳直接转化为阴。

正确答案：×我的答案：×5 根据阴阳二极对立转化律，东西方文化不可能同时都兴盛，或者同时都衰落。

正确答案：√我的答案：√人类文化演进九大律（三）1 东西方文化的关系不是：A、阴阳循环B、彼此割裂C、互进互退D、相互作用正确答案：B 我的答案：B2 下列哪一项不是辜正坤提到的东西方文化的关系：A、互根B、互补C、互帮D、互抗正确答案：C 我的答案：C3 根据阴阳二极对立转化律，东方文化衰落的时候，西方文化会：A、衰落B、兴盛C、灭亡D、都有可能正确答案：B 我的答案：B4 阴阳两极既是对立的，又是转化的，阴直接转化为阳，阳直接转化为阴。

正确答案： √
19古希腊罗马文化是公认的西方文化的源头。
正确答案： √
20“反切”是中国古代的一种注音方式，是用一个字为另一个字注音。
正确答案： ×
21中国的民主代表是党派首脑。
正确答案： ×
22中国语言的语义特点造成的文化效应具有哲理美和清晰美。
11“门虽设而常关”反应的中国人与西方人对待屏障的看法是一致的。
正确答案： ×
12先秦以来的两千多年的社会制度，中国没有真正的奴隶制度，但是有奴隶现象。
正确答案： √
13西方的民主代表是知识分子精英集团。
正确答案： ×
14中国哲学中唯物论占上风，西方哲学唯心论占上风。
正确答案： ×
15西方社会1300年来，是知识分子精英官僚社会。
正确答案： ×
16中国鸦片战争失败的原因是道德文化太先进，武化太落后。
正确答案： √
17《说文解字》是中国最早的训诂学专著，是中国第一部具有百科性质的分类词典。
正确答案： ×
18文化的产生、发展、顶盛、衰落，与地理环境是息息相关的。
A、
一韵到底
B、
从不押韵
C、
频频换韵
D、
押两到三个韵
正确答案： C
34“我思故我在”不能说成“在我故思我”是因为汉语重：
A、
重音
B、
语序
C、
语义
D、
语法
正确答案： B
35哲学中提到的人的三大欲望不包括：
A、
食

49在语言文字最关键的四个方面中，最最关键的是：
A、
语音
B、

中西文化与文学专题比较期末考试题答案1以下不属于儒家的三不朽的是？（1.0分）A、立德B、立功C、立言D、立行正确答案： D21以下说法中错误的是？（1.0分）A、中国写日的诗歌主要是写夕阳。

B、中国与月亮意象有关的诗歌比比皆是。

C、郭沫若《女神之再生》中多次歌颂太阳。

D、自唐代起，中国的民族性格偏于内向、封闭、阴柔。

正确答案： D3下列属于文艺复兴的特征的是？（1.0分）A、强调女性地位B、强调哲学家的地位C、强调世俗文化D、强调基督教禁欲文化正确答案：4中国哲学偏向（），西方哲学偏向（）。

（1.0分）A、科学伦理B、伦理审美C、审美科学D、伦理科学正确答案： C5不能概况中国文学特点的是：（1.0分）A、客观描绘B、和谐宁静C、主观意会D、粉饰太平正确答案： A 我的答案：D6在《周易》中，中国文化的时间观是？（1.0分）A、螺旋上升的B、螺旋浮沉，没有终点C、收尾相连的圆圈D、末世论式的正确答案： C7在各种艺术形式中，尼采最推崇的是？（1.0分）A、文学B、绘画C、雕塑D、音乐正确答案： D8哪一项是中国传统思维方式的特点：（1.0分）A、局部B、直觉C、推理D、阳性正确答案： B9哪一时期的文学在歌德看来“通体都是美的”？（1.0分）A、当代文学B、17世纪文学C、古希腊D、文艺复兴正确答案： C10既是哲学又是诗的著作是：（1.0分）A、尼采的《查拉图斯特如是说》B、康德的《纯粹理性批判》C、黑格尔的《精神现象学》D、海德格尔的《存在与时间》正确答案： A11在属于中国古典小说“四大名著”而不属于“四大奇书”的是？（1.0分）A、《三国演义》B、《水浒传》C、《红楼梦》D、《西游记》正确答案： C12以下对中西方戏剧的说法错误的是？（1.0分）A、西方在古希腊时期就产生了伟大的悲剧喜剧著作。

B、西方的悲剧喜剧有着严格的区分。

C、中国的戏剧中往往呈现悲喜因素交织的情况。

D、戏剧是中国出现的最早的文学类型。

《中西文化比较》期末考试一、单选题（题数：50，共 50.0 分）1严复确定翻译出版《天演论》的主要原因是（）。

1.0分∙A、内容逻辑严密∙∙B、作品流传广泛∙∙C、社会情况需要∙∙D、译者专业所在∙我的答案：C2“朔”指的是农历：1.0分∙A、初一∙∙B、十五∙∙C、十六∙∙D、三十∙我的答案：A3中国古代社会能够产生最好的统治者是因为中国社会的（）。

1.0分∙A、官本位思想的极端发展∙∙B、科举制度的合理运用∙∙C、大家族社会结构的影响∙∙D、集权制度发展完善∙我的答案：C4黑格尔提出的唯心主义提倡的是（）。

1.0分∙A、思维∙∙B、原型∙∙C、理论∙∙D、精神∙我的答案：D5解释原始印欧语到前日耳曼语三套塞辅音发展规律的是（）。

1.0分∙A、格拉斯曼定律∙∙B、维尔纳定律∙∙C、日耳曼语元音变音∙∙D、格里姆定律∙我的答案：D6西方人小时候不适宜采用死记硬背方法的原因在于（）。

0.0分∙A、经典内容篇幅短，语言拗口难以记忆∙∙B、民族文化不同，不提倡类似方法∙∙C、文章篇幅长，语法复杂∙缺少适于背诵的经典内容∙我的答案：A7中国汉字的特点决定了中国的文学更倾向于（）的风格。

1.0分∙A、叙事性∙∙B、议论性∙∙C、华丽性∙∙D、平实性∙我的答案：C8西方哲学倡导（）。

1.0分气一元论∙∙B、精神论∙∙C、原子论∙∙D、客观论∙我的答案：C9中国学者在翻译西方诗作过程中容易把译文变得更加（）。

1.0分∙A、平实∙∙B、口语化∙∙C、华丽∙∙D、书面化∙我的答案：C10相较于中国的唯心主义，柏拉图的唯心主义强调的是（）。

1.0分∙A、思维∙∙B、原型∙∙C、理论∙∙D、精神∙我的答案：B11最近一次冰期结束后，中国进入（）时期。

1.0分∙A、母系氏族∙∙B、父系氏族∙∙C、奴隶制∙∙D、封建制∙我的答案：A12村山节和浅井降的《东西方文明深思录》中提出，世界文明的周期是（）年一转折。

1.0分∙A、300.0∙∙B、600.0∙∙C、800.0∙∙D、1200.0∙我的答案：C13影响中国数千年的一整套行为规范是：1.0分∙A、礼∙∙B、和∙∙C、衷∙∙D、孝∙我的答案：A14如果一个汉字没有声母，在反切中声母用（）代替。

影响印欧语系语言押韵，多音节1解释文化的三把主要钥匙不包括：A、环境B、语言文字C、社会D、人口正确答案： D2关于地理环境与名族心态的关系，说法不正确的是：A、互动互构B、互补互彰C、互起作用D、互相转化正确答案： D3辜正坤认为，万物的发展有一种自我协调、自我组织、自我补充、（）的趋势。

A、自我完善B、自我适应C、自我淘汰D、自我进化正确答案： B4下列哪一项不是儒家的民主思想：A、民贵君轻B、民治主义C、仁民爱民D、民为邦本正确答案： B5中国语音：A、为闭音节B、为多音节C、每字有韵调D、音义象构性弱正确答案： C6马克思主义学派属于：A、国粹派B、理想西化派C、现实西化派D、都不属于正确答案： B7属于中国民主内涵的是：1解释文化的三把主要钥匙不包括：A、环境B、语言文字C、社会D、人口正确答案： D2关于地理环境与名族心态的关系，说法不正确的是：A、互动互构B、互补互彰C、互起作用D、互相转化正确答案： D3辜正坤认为，万物的发展有一种自我协调、自我组织、自我补充、（）的趋势。

A、自我完善B、自我适应C、自我淘汰D、自我进化正确答案： B4下列哪一项不是儒家的民主思想：A、民贵君轻B、民治主义C、仁民爱民D、民为邦本正确答案： B5中国语音：A、为闭音节B、为多音节C、每字有韵调D、音义象构性弱正确答案： C6马克思主义学派属于：A、国粹派B、理想西化派C、现实西化派D、都不属于正确答案： B不受列强，节制性理想西化，错中原文化强调，错7属于中国民主内涵的是：A、恶欲协调B、迫不得已C、因势制宜D、宗法式正确答案： D印欧语言的特点，多向性语言文字的任意性，对所谓的科学，错8索绪尔的语言理论不包括：A、言语和语言B、能指和所指C、任意性和必然性D、表意体系和表音体系正确答案： C9中国两千多年以来的权力斗争主要集中在权力的：A、天赋和人赋B、瓜分与分享C、集中和分散D、下放和收合正确答案： C10在黑格尔看来，中国的天子在发号施令上：A、比较自由B、可以随心所欲C、不能锁心所欲D、有严格程序正确答案： C11中西方人对世界的看法是（），程度不同的。

中西文化比较审美递增递减律〔一〕1．在〔〕时期，国人对于国粹和西化同时持有排斥态度。

D：文革时期2．关于人对事物的好恶，说法错误的选项是〔〕。

C：人的好恶是无法被自身控制的3．从文学和审美的角度来说，〔〕更具有内在的高度。

A：格律诗4．文学作品的创作中，更加强调摒弃规律与制约，这样才能更加展示创作的独特性。

×5．审美递增递减规律指的是，对于某种东西的爱好或者逐渐递增，或者逐渐递减，不可能在不同阶段产生不同的趋向。

×审美递增递减律〔二〕1．对于审美的改变，说法错误的选项是〔〕。

D：审美可以在短时间自行改变2．辜正坤老师认为，艺术最终应该是为〔〕服务的。

A：大众3．长期来看，人对于事物的喜好，最容易被〔〕影响。

C：接触的频率4．任何文化都有正面和负面的内容，人们可以全盘接受一种负面较少的文化来提高自身的审美水平。

×5．审美活动中既存在效用递减律，也存在递增规律。

√阴阳二级对立转化律1．村山节和浅井降的《东西方文明深思录》中提出，世界文明的周期是〔〕年一转折。

C：2．《易经》运用的是数与〔〕的结合。

C：象3．《周易·序卦》中自然界的始基不包括〔〕。

D：日月4．从大体上看，中国文化的兴盛往往意味着西方文化的衰落。

√5．伏羲六十四卦最早在欧洲出现的时间要略晚于莱布尼茨发表关于二进制算术的文章。

×万物五象选择律1．事物的发展更倾向于向〔〕个方向发展。

D：52．解释文化的三把主要钥匙是〔〕。

A：环境：语文：社会3．中西文化演进的七大律不包括〔〕。

C：互助律4．从世界文化的角度看，中西文化的发展方向是拼合互补。

√5．莱布尼茨对于中国的文化了解不多，主要集中于太极的相关内容。

×中西地理与文化关系比较概述1．与文化的关系特别密切的地理环境要素不包括〔〕。

B：地质包括地形气候资源2．导致地球10万年左右的周期性冰期变化的是〔〕的循环。

B：太阳系与银河系本星系团3．最近一次冰期结束后，中国进入〔〕时期。

可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~1. 从文学和审美的角度来看，更具有内在的高度的是（）。

A.白话诗B.古体诗C.现代诗D.格律诗正确答案:D2. 在（）时期，国人对于国粹和西化的排斥态度同时存在。

A.改革开放时期B.新生活运动时期C.文革时期D.五四时期正确答案:C3. 以下错误描述人对事物的好恶的是（）。

A.很多人容易先产生好恶情绪再寻找具体理由B.人的好恶是无法被自身控制的C.对于某种东西的爱好更多来源于自身的自主选择D.最初的喜好更多地是冲动正确答案:B4. 审美递增递减规律的意思是，对于某种东西的爱好或者逐渐递增，或者逐渐递减，不可能在不同阶段产生不同的趋向。

（）A.正确B.错误正确答案:B5. 文学作品的创作若想要展示创作的独特性，就更要强调摒弃规律及制约。

（）A.正确B.错误正确答案:B6. 辜正坤老师认为，艺术最终应该服务于（）。

A.精英B.个人C.特定人群D.大众正确答案:D可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~7. 下列选项中错误描述审美改变的是（）。

A.个人、集体乃至国家的审美都是可以被强行改变的B.人的喜好是受传统影响的C.审美可以在短时间自行改变D.审美是可以改变的正确答案:C8. 长期来看，（）最容易影响人对于事物的喜好。

A.蕴含的意义B.接触的频率C.他人的喜好D.事物的外表正确答案:B9. 审美活动中，效用递减律及效用递增律同时存在。

（）A.正确B.错误正确答案:A10. 任何文化都有正面和负面的内容，人们若想提高自身的审美水平，可以全盘接受一种负面较少的文化。

（）A.正确B.错误正确答案:B可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~11. 《易经》运用要结合数及（）。

A.道B.象C.规D.气正确答案:B12. 村山节和浅井降在《东西方文明深思录》中提出，世界文明的周期为（）年一转折。

《中西文化比拟》期末考试〔20〕一、单项选择题〔题数：50，共50.0 分〕1西方产生了帮主制主要是为了约束太强的〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、理性主义B、唯物思想C、专制心态D、共和意识正确答案：C我的答案：C答案解析：2中国古代社会能够产生最好的总揽者是因为中国社会的〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、官本位思想的极端开展B、科举制度的合理运用C、大家族社会结构的影响D、集权制度开展完善正确答案：C我的答案：C答案解析：3西方文化中的制服精神在肯定程度上决定了〔〕成为西方工业开展的最大驱动力。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、制造业B、轻工业C、重工业D、军事工业正确答案：D我的答案：D答案解析：4释迦摩尼提出的五蕴是〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、色、受、想、行、智B、色、受、智、行、识C、色、受、想、行、识D、色、智、想、行、识正确答案：C我的答案：C答案解析：5中国解决人与人之间的问题会采纳〔〕的形式。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、以礼标准B、以道标准C、礼法结合D、道法结合正确答案：C我的答案：C答案解析：6西方文字意义上的“文明〞主要强调的是〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、道德成绩B、物质成绩C、思想成绩D、技术成绩正确答案：D我的答案：D答案解析：7西方的帮派主义不提倡〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、限制王权B、契约精神C、党派分立D、正确答案：D我的答案：D答案解析：8中国中原一带属于〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、硬叶林文化B、针叶林文化C、落叶林文化D、阔叶林文化正确答案：D我的答案：D答案解析：9陆九渊认为，〔〕是宇宙之理的完满表现。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、自然之理B、人伦之理C、象数之理D、人心之理正确答案：D我的答案：D答案解析：10印欧语系的言语特点是〔〕。

〔1.0分〕1.0 分A、多为单音节，闭音节B、一字单音或多音，多向性C、一韵一字，音义象构性强D、具有规则性，轻重音表语调正确答案：B我的答案：B答案解析：11中式的民主强调〔〕。

可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~1、从文学与审美的角度来瞧,更具有内在的高度的就是()。

A、白话诗B、古体诗C、现代诗D、格律诗正确答案:D2、在()时期,国人对于国粹与西化的排斥态度同时存在。

A、改革开放时期B、新生活运动时期C、文革时期D、五四时期正确答案:C3、以下错误描述人对事物的好恶的就是()。

A、很多人容易先产生好恶情绪再寻找具体理由B、人的好恶就是无法被自身控制的C、对于某种东西的爱好更多来源于自身的自主选择D、最初的喜好更多地就是冲动正确答案:B4、审美递增递减规律的意思就是,对于某种东西的爱好或者逐渐递增,或者逐渐递减,不可能在不同阶段产生不同的趋向。

()A、正确B、错误正确答案:B5、文学作品的创作若想要展示创作的独特性,就更要强调摒弃规律与制约。

()A、正确B、错误正确答案:B6、辜正坤老师认为,艺术最终应该服务于()。

A、精英B、个人C、特定人群D、大众正确答案:D可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~7、下列选项中错误描述审美改变的就是()。

A、个人、集体乃至国家的审美都就是可以被强行改变的B、人的喜好就是受传统影响的C、审美可以在短时间自行改变D、审美就是可以改变的正确答案:C8、长期来瞧,()最容易影响人对于事物的喜好。

A、蕴含的意义B、接触的频率C、她人的喜好D、事物的外表正确答案:B9、审美活动中,效用递减律与效用递增律同时存在。

()A、正确B、错误正确答案:A10、任何文化都有正面与负面的内容,人们若想提高自身的审美水平,可以全盘接受一种负面较少的文化。

()A、正确B、错误正确答案:B可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~11、《易经》运用要结合数与()。

A、道B、象C、规D、气正确答案:B12、村山节与浅井降在《东西方文明深思录》中提出,世界文明的周期为()年一转折。

中西文化比较审美递加递减律（一）1在（）时期，国人对于国粹和西化同时拥有排挤态度。

A、五四时期B、改革开放时期C、再生活运动时期D、文革时期正确答案： D2对于人对事物的好恶，说法错误的选项是（）。

A、最初的爱好更多地是激动B、很多人简单先产生好恶情绪再搜寻详细原因C、人的好恶是无法被自己控制的D、对于某种东西的爱好更多根源于自己的自主选择正确答案： C3从文学和审美的角度来说，（）更拥有内在的高度。

A、格律诗B、白话诗C、古体诗D、现代诗正确答案： A4（）文学作品的创作中，更加重申摒弃规律与限制，这样才能更加显现创作的独到性。

正确答案：×5审美递加递减规律指的是，对于某种东西的爱好或许渐渐递加，或许渐渐递减，不能能在不同阶段产生不同样的趋向。

（）。

正确答案：×审美递加递减律（二）1对于审美的改变，说法错误的选项是（）。

A、审美是能够改变的B、个人、集体致使国家的审美都是能够被强行改变的C、人的爱好是受传统影响的D、审美能够在短时间自行改变正确答案： D2辜正坤老师认为，艺术最后应该是为（）服务的。

A、大众B、精英C、个人D、特定人群正确答案： A3长远来看，人对于事物的爱好，最简单被（）影响。

A、事物的表面B、包括的意义C、接触的频次D、他人的爱好正确答案： C4任何文化都有正面和负面的内容，人们能够全盘接受一种负面较少的文化来提高自己的审美水平。

（）正确答案：×5审美活动中既存在功能递减律，也存在递加规律。

（）正确答案：√阴阳二级对峙转变律1村山节和浅井降的《东西方文明深思录》中提出，世界文明的周期是（）年一转折。

A、B、C、D、正确答案： C2《易经》运用的是数与（）的结合。

A、气B、道C、象D、规正确答案： C3《周易·序卦》中自然界的始基不包括（）。

A、天地B、阴阳C、男女D、日月正确答案： D4（）从大概上看，中国文化的兴旺经常意味着西方文化的衰落。

1.How do you understand culture?“Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.”（Culture is man’s “second nature”; Air to man; water to fish；Culture is beneath awareness in the sense that no one bothers to verbalize it, yet it forms the roots of action）2.What is culture shock?We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.3.Do you know a fluent fool?To know another’s language and not his culture is a very way to make a fluent fool ofone’s self. Like learning how to drive a car by studying a drivers manual and never getti ng behind a steering wheel.4.What do you know about a religion in the world?Buddhist is a religion to about 300million people around the w orld.it has its origins about 2500years ago when siddhartha gotama, known as the buddha，was himself awakend at the age of 35.Four Noble Truths :To live is to suffer. (苦)The cause of suffering is self-centered desire and attachments. (集)Suffering ends when one is freed from desire. This is achieved by eliminating all delusion, thereby reaching a liberated state of Enlightenment (Nirvana) (灭)The way to Nirvana is through the “Eight-Fold Path.”(道)to lead a moral life ;to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions;to develop wisdom and understanding5.Do you know any Greek myth?6.Can you list some etiquette during a western dinner?Y our napkin should be placed on your lap shortly after you are seated and kept on yourlap at all times during the meal. Do not tuck your napkin under your chin.The fork is held in the left hand, tines facing down. The knife is held in the right hand. After cutting the food, the knife is laid down and the fork is switched to the right hand to eat the cut food. Continental style (where the fork stays in the left hand to eat the cut food) is perfectly acceptable. At a dinner party, never begin eating until everyone is served and your hosts have begun. Offer food or drink to others before helping yourself.7.Can you introduce one of Chinese traditional festival?The Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more t han 2,000 years. It is usually in June in the Gregorian calendar. Dragon boat racing is an i ndispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompa nied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination. Folk tales say the game originates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuan's body, but experts, after painstaking and meticulo us research, conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious, semi-entertaining progra m from the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). In the following thousands of years, the game spread to Japan, Vietnam and Britain as well as China's Taiwan and Hong Kong. No w dragon boat racing has developed into an aquatic sports item which features both Chine se tradition and modern sporting spirit. In 1980, it was listed into the state sports competit ion programs and has since been held every year. The award is called "Qu Yuan Cup."8.Do you know some phrases about color in English?a white soul 纯洁的心灵white lie 善意的谎言white dream 不眠之夜white man 善良的人black market 黑市black list 黑名单black dog 忘恩负义的人black sheep 害群之马black tea 红茶green eyes 嫉妒,眼红green girl 新手,黄毛丫头a yellow dog 卑鄙无耻的小人brown sugar 红糖black tea 红茶in the pink 振作起来pink tread 上流社会的活动9.Can you briefly introduce the history of western architecture?10.What western festival is most popular in China and why?11.How well do you know your chopstick etiquette?一忌敲筷二忌掷筷四忌插筷五忌挥筷六忌舞筷12.Why are we called “the descendants of Y an and Huang”?Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Y an, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the Y ellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually themselves “the descendants of Y an and Huang”13.What is the historical background of Thanksgiving day? what is traditional food in Thanksgiving?In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Y ears later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.14.What are the chief characteristics of Greek mythology?Zeus Hera Poseidon Aphrodite Ares Athena Apollo Arte mis Hephaestus Hermes Hades Hestia15.Can you tell a Greek mythology story ？Pandora's box: Pandora's first world in Greek mythology. Prometheus, after the earth to steal skyfire Zeus for punishing man, god commands clay into a beautiful young girl, and cunning, named "Pandora," meaning "with all talent woman". And gave her a gift box, then will she betrothed Prometheus essien's brother was there (meaning "know" after). Essien was there regardless took Pandora's box, taboo, and open it took all vices, disaster and diseases from the inside out immediately. Box only only good things: hope. But the hope could fly out, pandoras box, forever will be closed. "A Pandora's box" is used to describe the root cause disaster.16.What is the influence of Greek mythology on western culture?Greek mythology's impact on modern societies cannot be understated.Modern language, industry, arts and culture all demonstrate the impactof Greek mythology in today's world. For example, most people who haveno formal knowledge of Greek mythology still know that Hercules was astrongman and that V enus (the Roman version of the Greek Aphrodite) isthe goddess of love.17.What’s the cultural difference between Chinese Long and Western dragon?Long is a traditional culture-loaded word in Chinese which is the symbol of auspiciousnes s and authority. the English word dragon is the symbol of devil and bugbear.18.What is the tower of Babel? and what is the significance of the story? 巴别塔（The Tower of Babel）取自《圣经》旧约全书中的《创世纪》，讲的是在大洪水以后诺亚的后人来到一个叫西纳的地方居住，突然间心血来潮想建一座高可通天的宝塔，以纪念人类在地球上所创下的丰功伟绩。

1与文化的关系特别密切的地理环境要素不包括（）。

A、地形B、地质C、气候D、资源正确答案：B2西方国家的民主政治其实是（）。

∙A、人民政治∙B、精英政治∙C、帮主政治∙D、阶级政治正确答案：C3在（）时期，国人对于国粹和西化同时持有排斥态度。

∙A、五四时期改革开放时期∙C、新生活运动时期∙D、文革时期正确答案：D4印欧语系的语言不可能引导文化向（）发展。

∙A、逻辑型∙B、抽象型∙C、理智型∙D、理论型正确答案：D5下列人物中，对于汉字持肯定态度的是（）。

∙A、郝尔德鲁迅∙C、钱玄同∙D、德里达正确答案：D6西方哲学倡导（）。

∙A、气一元论∙B、精神论∙C、原子论∙D、客观论正确答案：C7中国产生了专制皇权，从某种程度上来说是为了制约传统中国太强的（）。

∙A、自由自治意识人生哲学思考∙C、平等民主心态∙D、官本位思想正确答案：C8乔姆斯基提出描写语言学的缺陷在于（）。

∙A、描写局限性∙B、描写及时性∙C、描写主观性∙D、描写无止境正确答案：D9关于催眠术，说法正确的是（）。

∙A、实际上是并不存在的被控制的人做出行为时是可以感觉到被控制的∙C、催眠性的语句只有被充分相信了才能起到相应的作用∙D、任何人都有自由使用催眠性语言的权力正确答案：C10中国古代对于官员着装、行为的规定主要是为了（）。

∙A、彰显朝廷气度∙B、区分官员品级∙C、做出表率作用∙D、约束官员行为正确答案：C11影响印欧语系语言押韵的音节是（）。

∙A、单音节开音节∙C、多音节∙D、闭音节正确答案：C12（）认为，劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。

∙A、亚里士多德∙B、苏格拉底∙C、柏拉图∙D、安提西尼正确答案：A13黑格尔提出的唯心主义提倡的是（）。

∙A、思维原型∙C、理论∙D、精神正确答案：D14佛教认为，唯心所现的（）。

∙A、有生有灭∙B、有生无灭∙C、无生有灭∙D、无生无灭正确答案：D15中国古代政治社会三大制约机制不包括（）。

∙A、暴力制约机制法律制约机制∙C、血缘制约机制∙D、道德制约机制正确答案：C16针对于西方来说，分析地形对文化的影响时应该选取的区域是（）的产生区域。

中西文化比较1.1习题从文学和审美的角度来说，（）更具有内在的高度。

AA格律诗B白话诗C古体诗D现代诗2.文学作品的创作中，更加强调摒弃规律与制约，这样才能更加展示创作的独特性。

（）c错3. 在（）时期，国人对于国粹和西化同时持有排斥态度。

DA五四时期B改革开放时期C新生活运动时期D文革时期4. 审美递增递减规律指的是，对于某种东西的爱好或者逐渐递增，或者逐渐递减，不可能在不同阶段产生不同的趋向。

（）。

错1.2习题1.长期来看，人对于事物的喜好，最容易被（）影响。

CA事物的外表B蕴含的意义C接触的频率D他人的喜好2.辜正坤老师认为，艺术最终应该是为（）服务的。

AA大众B精英C个人D特定人群3.审美活动中既存在效用递减律，也存在递增规律。

（）对4.对于审美的改变，说法错误的是（）。

DA审美是可以改变的B个人、集体乃至国家的审美都是可以被强行改变的C人的喜好是受传统影响的D审美可以在短时间自行改变1.3习题1.从大体上看，中国文化的兴盛往往意味着西方文化的衰落。

（）错2.伏羲六十四卦最早在欧洲出现的时间要略晚于莱布尼茨发表关于二进制算术的文章。

（）错3.村山节和浅井降的《东西方文明深思录》中提出，世界文明的周期是（C）年一转折。

A300.0B600.0C800.0D1200.04.《易经》运用的是数与（）的结合。

CA气B道C象D规1.4习题1.中西文化演进的七大律不包括（）C。

A互根律B互抗律C互助律D互证律2.事物的发展更倾向于向（）个方向发展。

DA2B3C4D53.从世界文化的角度看，中西文化的发展方向是拼合互补。

（）对4.莱布尼茨对于中国的文化了解不多，主要集中于太极的相关内容。

（）错2.1习题1.与文化的关系特别密切的地理环境要素不包括（）。

B∙ A地形∙ B地质∙ C气候∙ D资源2.在中国远古时期，如果气候变冷，人类主要向（）迁移。

A∙ A东方∙ B西方∙ C南方∙ D北方3.最近一次冰期结束后，中国进入（）时期。

中西文化比较_西安交通大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.There is one universal definition of visual art.答案:错误2.The definition and perceived value of works of art have changed throughouthistory and in different cultures.答案:正确3.The antecedents of most European art lie in the artistic production of ancientGreece and Rome.答案:正确4.In the Hellenistic period, artistic creation was dominated by the idea ofpraising the Christian church.答案:错误5.In ancient China, the art of bronze-casting skill reached its peak in the SuiDynasty.答案:错误6.Zhou Fang’s Ladies with Head-pinned Flowers depicts the disorder of sociallife in the Tang Dynasty.答案:错误7.The trees in a literati painting are usually not an exact copy of the real treesin life.答案:正确8.Li Madou criticized the Italian painters for ignoring the relationship betweenlight and darkness.答案:错误9.The poem “The Road Not Taken” was written by the German writer JohannGeorg Hamann.答案:错误10.Aristotle saw the origin of poetry i n man’s imitative nature and his sense ofharmony and rhythm.答案:正确11.According to Britannica, prose is literature that evokes a concentratedimaginative awareness of experience.答案:错误12.According to Confucius, learning poetry can enable people not only toexpress their ideas and educate themselves, but also to maintain socialconventions.答案:正确13. A sonnet is a lyric poem of 12 lines, usually in iambic pentameter withconsiderable variation in rhyming patterns.答案:错误14.The English sonnet style is named after Shakespeare because he was the firstEnglish poet to write sonnets.答案:错误15.In this chapter, we compared a sonnet "Renouncement" and a Chinese Ci"Dielianhua", while the former starts with surprising remarks of a person, the latter starts with sentimental description of the environment.答案:正确16.Both the sonnet and the Ci were originated from folk songs, and bothsatisfied people's need to express their emotions in a certain culturalbackground.答案:正确17.One of the most important factors that can lead to the emergence of a religionis _________.答案:the social contexts when people lived in poverty, misery and fear18.Christianity has three main branches: Roman Catholicism, Eastern OrthodoxChurch and __________.答案:Protestantism19.One of the important life attitudes that has been influenced or shaped byDaosim in China is ______________.答案:the view that man is part of nature20.One of the biggest obstacles for foreigners speaking a Western language tolearn to speak Chinese is the ___________ of Chinese.答案:Tone21.Chinese is a _________ language, which means a sentence is grammaticallycorrect even without a subject if its meaning is understandable in the context.topic-prominent22.In comparison to English, Chinese is a ________ language, which means thespeakers of Chinese tend to be more indirect and rely more of the contextual meaning to communicate.答案:High-context23.The process of industrialization in the early 19th century in the West, i.e.,analyze and modularize the worlds of manufacture and commerce, is anexample of _________.答案:analytical thinking24.Different language encodes the world in which it has emerged in differentways, so language ________ how the speakers of a specific language perceives and thinks about the world.答案:Influences25.________ is usually defined as a population which shares unique genetic andbiological features that distinguish it from other groups.答案:Race26.Gans (1999) divides cultural elements into two groups, i.e. high culture and________.popular culture27.Sch wartz (2006, p.139) defined ________ as “the cultural ideals”. They are thecollective understandings of what is good, correct, desirable and proper in a given culture.答案:values28.Hofstede (1980) proposes four dimensions of cultural value differences.________ refers to a society in which emotional gender roles are distinct.答案:masculinity29.________ is a way of perceiving a person as having innate cultural entitiesbased on essentialist views of cultures.答案:Culturalism30.________ refers to the condition that “… the oriental societies are defined notby what they have but by what they lack”.答案:Eurocentrism31.Which of the following is NOT a feature of culture: ________.答案:Culture determines human behavior32.Religion ca n be defined as human beings’ relation to that which they regardas holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of special reverence.答案:正确33.The Chinese idiom“塞翁失马，焉知非福”emphasizes the harmoniousrelationship between humanity and the cosmos.答案:错误34.Chinese martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, feng shui, and many stylesof qigong have been intertwined with Confucism throughout history.答案:错误35.The linguistic expressions and structural patterns of a language cannot beused to investigate the thinking patterns and perception of the peoplespeaking that language.答案:错误36.Signs in language and the traffic system are both arbitrary in relation to thereal objects or meaning, so they are similar.答案:错误37.Intelligibility is the general criterion that has been used to classify humanlanguages, however, nationhood often plays a role as an important political factor.答案:正确nguage family refers to a group of languages descended from the sameancestor such as English is a member of the West Germanic branch of the Germanic family.答案:正确39.Water plays an important role in the development of civilization.答案:正确40.All civilizations were originated near waters.答案:错误41.There were clear-cut divisions of the different stages of civilizations.答案:错误42.Western civilization interacted heavily with oriental civilizations.答案:正确43.Due to the sea-going nature of Aegean civilization, Western civilizationtended to be open and expansive.答案:正确44.The predictable and gentle rivers nurtured an expansive and adventurousagriculture civilization.答案:错误45.The wide trading interaction with the Mediterranean world enabled ancientGreeks to establish a trading civilization.答案:正确46.The nature-based, agriculture-natured economy helped the establishment ofthe Chinese “family state.”答案:正确47.The Chinese feudal system emphasizes partnership and contract.答案:错误48.The city-state system practiced uniform cultural and political norms.答案:错误49.Followings are the characteristics of cultural values, except ________.答案:values are “intrinsic and universal”50.In primitive times, art was mainly about the means of survival in the harshand vast unknown world.答案:正确51.In England, the Stonehenge has an obvious practical purpose.答案:错误52.The Houmuwu square cauldron was used to carry out rituals.答案:正确53.One of the distinguishing features of Renaissance art was the development ofhighly realistic linear perspective.答案:正确54.In the age of Renaissance, people showed less interest in the ability of humanbeings to create art.答案:错误55.Modern art was devoted to glorifying religion or to speaking well of the state.答案:错误56.Xie He's Six Principles suggest that paintings should not be the properrepresentation of objects.答案:错误57.Rhyme refers to the regulated flow of words and phrases which isdetermined by the relationship of stressed and unstressed syllables.答案:错误58.In English language, there are only one-syllable characters and characters ofthe same sound are differentiated by four tones.答案:错误59.It is known that the end rhyme is the most important rhyme in both Englishpoetry and Chinese poetry.答案:正确60.In both China and the West, many poems explain moral teachings in somesimple, concrete, and interesting metaphors or synecdoches.答案:正确61.The sonnet is a symbol of the Renaissance in literature.答案:正确62.The structure of the sonnet could be related to the characteristic of the topic-prominent language.答案:错误63.Just like Xi He, who placed vitality as the highest principle of painting, thefamous poem critic Wang Guowei believed that the spiritual state of mind is most important in writing Chinese Ci.答案:正确64.According to Hofstede (1991), a person can be influenced at the same time bya national culture, a regional or ethnic or religious or linguistic culture, agender culture, and a generation culture.答案:正确65.The varied topography along the Yellow River is favorable for thedevelopment of agriculture.答案:正确66.Life in Chinese river civilization was stable and predictable.答案:正确67.As most Greek city-states were near the Mediterranean Sea, ancient Greeksbecame a sea-going people.答案:错误68.Unlike the nomads, the Chinese became a sedentary people with a highlydeveloped agriculture.答案:正确69.The Minoan civilization deeply influenced the west Asian and Egyptiancivilizations.答案:错误70.The Chinese nature-based, farm-based economy strengthened the tie amongfamily members.答案:正确71.The rugged terrain forced the ancient Greeks to turn out to the sea for tradeand food production.答案:正确72.Daoism and Buddhism are the two traditional religions that have influencedChinese culture for thousands of years.答案:正确73.Chinese students are rote learners. They learn for pragmatic purposes andshow little interest in deep understanding.答案:错误74.Culture can be divided into "________", such as literary and artistic works, and"popular culture" :答案:high cultureo Zi developed the philosophy of Daoism, but was not related to thereligion of Daoism.答案:错误76.Dialectism in Daoism philosophy means that the positive and negative co-exist in all things and they are interchangeable.答案:正确77.Moderation, humility and longevity were pursued by the philosophy ofDaoism.答案:错误78.Buddhism originated in ancient India, and came to China in late Han Dynasty.答案:正确79.In intercultural communication, students need to remove the knowledge ofour own culture to acquire the knowledge of other cultures.答案:错误80.Neither learning styles nor learning strategies are unchangeable, or pre-determined by fixed interpretations of a given academic culture.答案:正确81.Students in cultural communication should consciously put asidepreconceptions, avoid over-generalization and continuously seek deepened understandings of cultural phenomena.答案:正确82.Civilizations could come into being in a short time.答案:错误83.Agriculture played an essential role in the development of civilizations.答案:正确84.The Yellow River is called the "cradle of Chinese civilization".答案:正确85.Chinese is a hypotactic language because it has no strict requirement on theforms of sentences.答案:错误86.The majority of Chinese characters are pictographs, bearing closeresemblance to the objects or things they represented.答案:错误87.Values have been defined as the collective understandings of what is good,correct, desirable and proper in a given culture.答案:正确88.________ has been defined as "cultural variants displayed by certain segmentsof the population… they are within the larger world of our national culture"(Komarovsky & Sargent, 1949, p.143).答案:subculture89.In intercultural studies, we need to be aware that ________:答案:culture may change._Eastern and Western cultures are notindependent._Eastern and Western cultures are interdependent and permeable to each other._culture is multi-layered and complicated.90.Ho, Fu and Ng (2004) clarify two dimensions of "face": lian focuses on thecharacters of a morally good person, while mianzi focuses on the reputation and social status achieved through one's efforts.答案:正确91.Hofstede (1980) explains cultural value differences in terms of the fourdimensions, namely individuality/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity.答案:正确92.Hofstede's power-distance dimension expresses the degree to which "theless powerful members of a society accept or expect that power is distributed unequally".答案:正确93.Northern Buddhism that has been mainly practiced in the central region ofChina was influenced by Confucianism.答案:正确94.All Chinese teachers are authoritative figures who teach classes in a didacticway.答案:错误95.Stereotypes are over-simplified, over-generalized labels imposed on socialgroups and social phenomena which are diverse and complex in nature.答案:正确96.Hofstede's value dimensions are widely cited and free from problems.答案:错误nguage is basically a system of communication just like the system oftraffic symbols.答案:错误nguage is a hierarchical system, consisting of different levels such as sound,word, sentence and text.答案:正确nguage family refers to a group of languages, which are locatedgeographically close.答案:错误100.Chinese students traditionally outperform their peers in Western countries particularly in maths and science, because Chinese students are allhardworking and intelligent.答案:错误101.Hofstede' value dimensions tend to construct positive stereotypes of the Western values in contrast to the negative stereotypes of non-Westernvalues.答案:正确102.One of the similarities between Buddhism and Daoism is that they both havea single all-powerful God.答案:错误103.Christianity, originated in the first century AD, developed into three branches,i.e. the Roman Catholic, the Eastern Orthodox and the Protestant.答案:正确104.Modern Western art and music were basically paintings and hymns to complement God.答案:错误105.That Napoleon himself crowned himself and his Queen in the painting of "La Sacre de Napoleon" indicates his defiance to the Roman Catholic church.答案:错误106.The patterns or modes of thinking are stable habitual mental tendencies formed over a long time for a group of people.答案:正确107.The Western people tend to fall into inductive reasoning, i.e., moving from specific facts, observations, or experiences to a general conclusion.答案:错误108.The linear mode of thinking holds that the world is dynamic and changeable.答案:错误109.Ethnocentrism is a cultural attitude, which holds that one's own culture is better than others'.答案:正确110.Eurocentrism portrays "the East" with negative and exotic features.答案:正确111.The trends of globalization and the world economy have led to similar skills that different educational systems expect students, or future workers in the knowledge economy, to develop.答案:正确112.That many Chinese characters are ideograms can implicitly direct its speakers' attention to images.答案:正确113.Cortazzi and Jin (1996) argued that one feature of the Chinese "culture of learning" is the hierarchical but harmonious relationship between teacher and students. The statement is an absolutely correct reflection of Chinese academic culture.答案:错误114.The main difference between Buddism and Christianity is that in the former Budda considered himself as an awakening man while in the latter Godconsidered himself as the only creator of the universe and people.答案:正确115.Chinese students learn for pragmatic reasons only.答案:错误116.In Chinese, more words are formed by combining two characters while in English more words are constructed by adding prefix or suffix.答案:正确。

中西文化性格的比较（一）1哪一项不是西方文学的性格特点：A、理据性B、确定性C、逻辑性D、朦胧性正确答案：D2道的性格可以看作哪两种？A、无有B、先后C、盛衰D、阴阳正确答案：D3拜伦的哪部诗剧对尼采影响很大？A、《唐璜》B、《审判的幻景》C、《曼弗雷德》D、《该隐》正确答案：C4《中国思维偏向》的作者是？A、鲁迅B、林语堂C、郭沫若D、张岱年正确答案：D5一般来说，中国文化性格偏于阴柔，西方文化性格偏于阳刚正确答案：√中西文化性格的比较（二）1哪一项不是常用的历法：A、阴历B、阳历C、阴阳历D、阳阴历正确答案：D2以下说法错误的是？A、中国文化并不以宗教为根本。

B、佛教的中国化过程在某种意义上也是一种阴柔化的过程。

C、禅宗重视直觉和悟性，它是中国文化的产物。

D、在中国菩萨的地位低于佛陀。

正确答案：D 高旭东教授认为能提供中国文化的阴柔性、西方文化的阳刚性的证据不包括：A、神话B、历法C、宗教D、建筑正确答案：D4 中国文化的根本是伦理与审美。

正确答案：√5从《后羿射日》与《嫦娥奔月》两个神话，可以看出中国人喜月厌日。

正确答案：√ 中西文化性格的比较（三）1以下谁的学说在秦汉后就失传了，但仍对中国文化有一定影响？A、孔子B、老子C、淮南子D、墨子正确答案：D 2 以下不属于儒家的三不朽的是？A、立德B、立功C、立言D、立行正确答案： D 3 以下不属于基督教的三位一体的是？A、圣父B、圣义C、圣子D、圣灵正确答案：B 4 自谁之后西方哲学就分裂为“科学哲学”和“人本哲学”？A、笛卡尔B、康德C、黑格尔D、尼采正确答案：C5“朝闻道夕死可矣” “威武不能屈”体现了中国文化阳刚的一面。

正确答案：√ 中西文化性格的比较（四）1柏拉图在《理想国》中要把以下哪种人赶出去？A、举重运动员B、掷铁饼者C、智者、画家正确答案：D2在康德的三大批判中指向意志的是？A、纯粹理性B、实践理性C、判断力D、以上都不是正确答案：B3哪一种形式不被中国古代诗人用来写他们与那些怨郁的的女子具有同样的遭遇与情怀A、宫怨B、闺怨C、春怨D、秋怨正确答案：D4西方文化性格具有一种侵略性和攻击性。