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专题一2020全国卷Ⅰ-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读（解析版）2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解ATrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains (outbound)21. What would you do to get ticket information?A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit .au.C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley.23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A.6:42 pm.B.7:29 pm.C.8:57 pm.D.11:02 pm.【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B【词汇】1.possession2. valid3. ensure4. guarantee5. schedule6. operate7. access 8. entrance 9. assistance10. property1.possession n. 拥有；财产；所有；殖民地2. Valid adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的3. Ensure vt. 担保；保证；使安全；确保4. Guarantee n. 保证；保证书；担保；担保人；抵押品vt. 保证；担保5. Schedule n. 时间表，日程；一览表；计划v. 预定；安排；编制目录6. Operate v. 操作；运转；经营；动手术7. Access n. 入口；通道n. 接近(的机会)；使用之权vt. 进入；(电脑)存取8. Entrance n. 入口；进入；登场；进入权vt. 使入迷；使狂喜9. Assistance n. 援助；帮助10. property n. 财产；所有物；地产，房地产；性质；道具【长难句】1.All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 【句子分析】主干部分：All customers must be in possession of a valid ticket分词短语做定语：travelling on TransLink services时间状语：before boarding.【翻译】所有使用TransLink服务的客户在登机前必须持有有效机票。
考研英语长难句：非谓语动词之不定式考研英语长难句：非谓语动词之不定式非谓语动词（Non-predicate Verb）是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，它包括不定式（to do）、分词（现在分词-ing和过去分词-ed）和动名词（v.-ing）。
不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词，可以作除谓语之外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语和同位语；分词相当于形容词和副词，可以作定语、状语、表语、补足语；从分词本身所表达的意义来看，分词分为现在分词和过去分词，从语态和时态角度来看，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成；动名词相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语，补语。
1．不定式作主语【第1句】在英语中，不定式作句子的主语通常有两种结构：一种是把不定式to do直接放在句首的主语位置，另一种是把不定式to do放在句末，而在句首的主语位置用形式主语it来指代句末的不定式。
（1）不定式放在句首作主语To commit suicide is a cowardly behavior. 自杀是懦夫的行为。
To be content with little is true happiness. 知足常乐。
___ see is to believe.（2）不定式放在句末作主语不定式直接放句首充当主语的句子是不常见的，更常见的是用it 作形式主语，放在句首，而将真正的主语不定式（短语）放在句子后面，于是构成“It + to dost h”这样的句型。
①It is + 形容词/名词+ to do结构a) It is + 形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...) + ( for / of sb.) + 不定式It’s better to love someone you can’t have than to have someone you can’t love.与其拥有一个你不爱的人，倒不如爱一个你无法拥有的人。
考研长难句：非谓语动词之分词1．分词作定语（1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。
其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）预定的座位在哪里？This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。
（2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如：The funds raised（= which have been raised）are mainly used for helping the homeless.筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waiting（= who are waiting）to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查。
This book,written（= which is written）in simple English,is suitable for beginners.本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。
（3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。
例如：The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
（4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。
这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。
2024届高考英语专题复习：非谓语在阅读、语法填空和写作中的应用课件(共30张PPT)(共30张PPT)非谓语动词阅读理解，语法填空，读后续写1.But some students didn’t want ________(wear) the uniform.（2023浙江）2. I still remember________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years.（2023浙江）3. ________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.（2023天津）4. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.（2023全国乙）1.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your________(ache) legs.（2023新高考）2.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.（2023天津）3.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.（2023课标全国2）4.When we got a call________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.（2023课标全国2）1. ________(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.（2023天津）ter, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ________(make) use of annual floods to irrigate their fields.（2023浙江）3. ________(know) as the “Black Mamba” for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live in our heart forever.大卫看我。
一、长难句翻译1.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world’s most technologically advanced nations.2.We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance.二、长难句翻译解析1.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic a nd economic crises in the world’s most technologically advanced nations.①内容分析首先提个问题，这个句子是一个简单句，还是一个复杂句？这里的所谓“简单”和“复杂”，不是你个人的主观感受。
如果一个句子里只有一套主谓结构，我们叫它简单句。
如果一个句子里有两套或以上的主谓结构用连词关系词之类的组合在一起，我们叫它复杂句。
可能还有些什么并列句复合句并列复合句主从复合句之类的称呼，为了方便理解，咱们就都统称为复杂句了。
那么这个句子是简单句还是复杂句？从上面的描述里，你应该知道，区分这两种句子的标准，就是到底有几套主谓结构。
那我们来找找这个句子里的谓语吧。
考研长难句：非谓语动词之动名词1．动名词作主语（1）直接位于句首作主语。
例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer. 在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
（2）用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
例如：It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
（3）动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。
在意义上相近。
但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
Smoking is not good for health. 吸烟对身体不好。
It is not good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对身体不好。
2．动名词作宾语（1）只接doing做宾语的常见动词：admit, advise, avoid, appreciate (感激,欣赏), can't help(禁不住）, can't bear (忍受不了), can't stand (忍受不了), delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, stop (停止) , mention, mind, miss (错过), postpone (推迟), practice, quit (戒), resist (抵制), resent, resume (恢复), risk, suggest, understand（2）介词宾语必须为doing:approve of ( 批准）, insist on (坚持), keep (on) (继续), look forward to (盼望), object to (反对), put off (推迟), rely on (依靠, 依赖) , swear to (断言,坚决肯定), be accustomed to / to be used to (习惯于…)Furthermore, governments of many countries have taken effective measures to call on peopleto give up smoking.此外，许多国家的政府已采取有效措施，呼吁人民戒烟。
长难句分析：高考真题+各版本教材长难句汇总4非谓语动词1. （非谓语动词）I’ll never forget watching the little boat disappear through the booming waves into the stormyocean. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P3) 我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大海洋里的情景。
2. （非谓语动词）Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P 9) 我们留下了，看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。
3. （非谓语动词）With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 南极地区不长树，也没有油料，唯一可供我们作燃料的便是海豹的脂肪。
4. （非谓语动词）Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold.(新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 在这样彻骨的寒冷中，这种状况持续的四个月是我们22人所能承受的极限。
5. （非谓语动词）With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there were also someexcellent male authors. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P 42) 十九世纪被认为是伟大女作家人才辈出的世纪，这一时期也有一些优秀的男作家。
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析详解第一节：找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们能够依照谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且，若是一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句能够是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。
如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment ---although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds;hadwas opposed --he; proposed --- no one;asked--he (asked 前面有and, 说明 asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，依照逻辑意义 asked应与ordered 并列 )。
这一句的骨干为“he ordered... asked ....”,“Declaring that...作状”语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同平常的蓄牧生殖技术来克隆人类，并命令严禁联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90 天内向白宫报告关于拟定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
2010-2018年全国卷长难句1、(2018全国卷1阅读B)And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.译文：这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子山姆，13岁的芬恩，和11岁的杰克准备膳食。
分析：这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。
宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what she's learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是-ing形式做伴随状语。
2、(2018全国卷1阅读C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.译文：一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。
分析：这是一个复合句，句中that引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages和lots。
非谓语动词：阅读和写作前言：名词性从句、定语从句和非谓语动词是高考中所有题型都涉及的三大核心语法。
复习资料里涉及语法时往往只把它们和语法填空和短文改错联系起来，甚少探讨它们在阅读和写作中的应用。
所以在讲完这三大语法时安排两个课时介绍它们在阅读和写作中的应用。
目的有二：一是提高同学们读懂所谓“长难句”的能力，学会提取句子中的信息，做阅读时有根据地答题。
二是选择部分相对容易的所谓“高级结构”反复造句训练，并刻意在写作时应用，提高作文的得分能力。
非谓语动词与阅读一、长难句的几个特点：1、句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（名词性从句、定语从句、非谓语动词）；2.、分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等）；3.、插入语、省略、倒装现象。
核心：找主句，把握核心；找附加成分，分析信息。
二、回顾及示例：分析句子：划出主句；圈出从句的引导词；圈出非谓语动词；分析从句和非谓语动词在句子中成分，说出它们的语法名称。
But soon they turned it down after 700 local objections reached them，because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas．针对从句和非谓语动词提问：1）________________________________________________________________2)__________________________________________________________________3)__________________________________________________________________4)___________________________________________________________________三、练习分析句子：找出非谓语动词，通过提问的方式找出所含信息1.In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work．In the 1880s thesame light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for．__________________________________________________________________ 2. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuelelectricity is forbidden by well - meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy(悲剧) as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change．________________________________________________________________ 3.If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we maywell find that we have stopped a nose - bleed by putting a tourniquet（止血带）around our necks．________________________________________________________________ 4.This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to anincrease in the number of people with nearsightedness in North America._____________________________________________________________5. As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，”because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. (NMET 2008天津卷A篇)Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers.B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school.D. She did not have any good teachers.6.…The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called Moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name…What’s the Easter Island well-known for?A.the most distant islandB. MoaiC. one streetD. Easter Sunday7. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wantedWhy do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.8.… As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，”because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. ..Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers.B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school.D. She did not have any good teachers. [2017高考全国I] Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.14. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.非谓语动词与写作：分词做状语一、示例1.Knowing that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I amwriting to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.2.Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.3.Confused by spoken and written English, I am often laughed at in public.4.Attracted by the western cuisine in the advertisements, I am looking forward tomaking them on my own.二、总结1）分词作状语属于比较容易把握的写作中的高级结构，我们应该刻意使用。
