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高考非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、单项选择非谓语动词1．(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A．Catching B．CaughtC．To catch D．Catch【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。
这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。
故选C。
【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。
2．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ______ in the world.A．hearing B．to be heardC．hear D．heard【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。
“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done结构，故选D。
3．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend.A．to be held B．being heldC．held D．is to be held【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。
句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。
hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。
高考非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、单项选择非谓语动词1．______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row.A． To watch B． WatchingC． Watched D． Having watched【答案】 A【分析】考察非谓语动词。
句意：为了更清楚的看屏幕上的图片，他们移到了前排。
表示目的用不定式，应选 A。
2．I ’ m afraid that I can’ t attend Tom’ s wedding party ______ next weekend. A． to be held B．being heldC． held D． is to be held【答案】 A【分析】试题剖析：考察非谓语动词作定语。
句子中已经有了谓语can't attend ，故此处应填非谓语动词，第一清除 D。
hold 与 party 组成被动关系，但ABC 答案均表被动。
所以再依据时间状语 next weekend 可确立填不定式表未来，应选A。
考察非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动仍是被动。
同时还要注意从时间上判断，不定式作定语表未来，此刻分词表进行，过去分词表达成。
考点：考察非谓语动词作定语。
3．Life is a journey _____with hardships, joys and special moments.A． filled B． to fill C． filling D． having filled【答案】 A【分析】【详解】考察非谓语动词，句意：生命是一个充满艰辛，快乐和特别时辰的旅途。
在题干中_withhardship 做 journey filled 。
be filled with 的后置定语，与所修饰的做定语的时候，能够把journey 组成被动关系，所以使用过去分词be 去掉。
高考非谓语动词考点易错点的总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1．--- What do you know made Sarah so upset?--- giving away state secrets.A．Charged with B．Being charged withC．Accusing of D．To be accused of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词。
句意：---你知道是什么让莎拉这么不高兴吗？---她被指控泄露国家机密。
sb be charged with“某人因…而被控告”。
第二句的主语为动名词Being charged with作主语，还可以用being accused of。
故B选项正确。
2．(天津) __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A．To work B．WorkedC．To be working D．Having worked【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。
句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。
故选D。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
3．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm.A．walked B．walkC．to walk D．walking【答案】D【解析】考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.短语的变式运用。
difficulty在句中充当先行词，其后为定语从句。
答案：D4．Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.A．to use B．used C．using D．use【答案】B【解析】本题考察非谓语动词。
非谓语动词易错点1.感官动词see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有四种形式：当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，需用动词原形(即不带to的不定式)及doing(v.-ing形式一般主动式)。
不带to的不定式表完成，v.-ing形式一般主动式表正在进行；当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时，需用v.-ed分词及being done(v.-ing形式一般被动式)。
v.-ed分词表完成或没有一定的时间性，v.-ing形式一般被动式表正在进行。
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
(主动，完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
(主动，正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。
(被动，正在进行)I found him tied to a big tree.我发现他被捆在一颗大树上。
(2008·江苏高考)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.to spoken选 句意：为了把英语学好，我们应当尽可能抓住一切机会去听别人讲英语。
本题关键要意识到English和speak之间是被动关系，故选C。
注意：有些动词接动名词作宾语, 可用下列方式帮助记忆归纳:避免 错过 少延期 （avoid, miss, put off/postpone）建议 完成 多练习（ suggest, finish, practice）喜欢 想像 禁不住（ enjoy, imagine, can’t help）承认 否定 与嫉妒（ admit, deny, envy）逃避 冒险 莫原谅 (escape, risk, excuse)忍受 保持 别介意（stand, keep, mind）2.leave后接非谓语动词作宾补时，意为“使……处于某种状态”。
非谓语动词考点易错点的总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1．_______ with all sorts of affairs, the manager had little time to have a good sleep. A．Occupying B．Being occupiedC．Occupied D．Having occupied【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：由于经理忙于各种事务，几乎没有时间好好睡一觉。
“经理”和“占用”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，故选C。
2．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad.A．Attend B．To attend C．Attending D．Having attended 【答案】C【解析】主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。
3．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查with复合结构。
句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。
非谓语动词考点易错点的总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1．It didn’t take a long time for the connection between the missing money and our partner’s new car ______.A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made【答案】B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意为“丢钱和我们伙伴的新汽车的关系很长时间才被发现”。
题干用了一个句型“It＋takes/took＋时间段＋for＋sb．＋不定式”，表示“某人干某事花费了多长时间”，the connection和make之间是被动关系，因此，用不定式的被动形式。
故选B。
【名师点睛】汉语思维习惯和表达习惯是中国学生做英语试题的头号障碍，要克服这种障碍，必须理解动作和动作对象之间的语态关系。
本题考查的是短语make connection, make是谓语，connection作make的宾语，此题的难度是把make变成了被动语态的不定式。
2．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel.A．making B．made C．make D．makes【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。
在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。
根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。
3．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式。
非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、选择题1．In recent years, many children are made ________ what they don’t show________A．do; interested in B．to do; interest C．do; interested D．to do; interest in 2．Alice couldn’t make herself ________ attention to because her classmates made s o much noise. A．pay B．paid C．paying3．Sally practices _________ the guitar very hard for the coming contest next month.A．play B．plays C．playing D．to play4．The bad weather will last for a week. So I advise you ________ off the sports meeting.A．to put B．to be put C．put D．putting5．________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi and got to the airport very early.A．Catching B．To catch C．Catch D．Caught 6．People who run towards their dreams prefer _______ the failure rather than _______ their dream.A．experiencing; to give up B．to experience; give up C．experiencing; giving up D．to experience; to give up7．---Why hasn’t the doctor stopped ________ lunch?---Because he is too busy ________ a dying patient in the operation room.A．to have; to save B．to have; saving C．having; saving D．having; to save 8．There are no ways she can come up ________ herself out.A．with to help B．to help C．with helping D．to helping9．The way our students thought of ________ the classroom clean and tidy proved to be very useful.A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps 10．—You’d better advise him ________ anything out of the window while driving.— OK, I will.A．not throw B．no throwing C．don’t throw D．not to throw 11．Our headmaster isn’t in. I can’t find him anywhere. Did you notice him ______ th e office? A．to enter B．entered C．to leave D．leave12．﹣I have a package ，but I'm too busy．﹣Why not have your cousin it for you？A．to send； send B．sent； sendC．to send； to send D．sent； to send13．—Mother’s Day is coming. Shall we make some pap er roses for Mum?—Sounds great! But would you please show me _______ as I know little about DIY?A．where B．why C．whether D．how14．_______ trees is a long-term project. Let's take good care of these trees we plant and wait for them to grow up.A．Plants B．Planted C．Plant D．Planting 15．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ people’sattention over food safety.A．to raise B．raising C．to rise D．rising16．________ fun my family had ________ a vacation in Sanya last summer vacation! A．How, taking B．What, taken C．What, taking D．How, taken 17．She couldn’t wait ________ her mother the good news.A．to tell B．telling C．to talk D．talking18．—I don’t know _____ remember the new English words.—Don’t worry! Try thinking about their pro nunciations.A．what to B．how to C．where to D．when to19．―What do you think of the action movie Mulan?―It comes from an old Chinese story. Mulan dresses up as a boy and takes her father's place in the army.A．to fight B．fighting C．fights D．fought20．一I'm considering how to my new job. Any suggestions?一It's only half an hour's walk, I advise you .A．to go; not to drive B．going; to driveC．to go; not driving D．going; not driving21．—We set World Reading Day ________ teens to form a good reading habit.—Nowadays, people are more aware of the importance of reading.A．to encourage B．encouraging C．encouraged D．encourage 22．（江苏东台八校九年级检测）The Tiger Mom went out the bedroom, ________ her daughter crying sadly.A．left B．leaving C．leaves D．has left23．___________for his good skill, this doctor has a lot of visitors calling for help all the time. A．Knowing B．To know C．Known D．To have known 24．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___________ them.A．to follow B．following C．followed D．follows 25．He tried to make himself ________ by his students, but he failed.A．understand B．understoodC．understands D．understanding26．I think that AI(人工智能) ________ in many fields will ________ to help us solve many problems in the future.A．used；be used B．is used；be used C．used；use27．After World War II, Anne’s father collected her diary and had it ___________ in 1947. A．publish B．to publish C．published D．been published 28．Most of the artists____________ to the party were from South Africa.A．invite B．to invite C．invited D．inviting 29．To protect endangered elephants, government should make rules to prevent people from buying and selling things___________ of ivory（象牙）.A．make. B．are made C．be made D．made30．I still like the good old songs I often listen to myself in my spare time.A．enjoy B．enjoying C．to enjoy D．enjoyed 31．In spring, a mask can be helpful if flowers make your nose uncomfortable. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 32．Chinese spacecraft Tianwen I successfully landed on the Martian surface, ________ a historic accomplishment in China’s space development.A．marking B．to mark C．marked D．marks 33．While all Chinese are fighting COVID-19, medical staff（工作人员） ________ on the front line are heroes.A．stood B．stand C．standing D．to stand 34．—What are you talking about?—Some pictures ________ yesterday.A．were taken B．took C．taken D．have been taken 35．－Look! So many people are walking into the museum. What are on show?－Some 3D pictures by some modern artists.A．draws B．drew C．drawn D．drawing36．Look! There _______ so many people _________here. Do you know what has happened? A．is, standing B．are, are standing C．are, standing 37．—What terrible weather!I simply can’t get the car________.—Why not try________the engine with some hot water?A．started; filling B．to start; filling C．started; to fill D．to start; to fill 38．The computer doesn’t work. Let’s have it __________ tomorrow.A．repair B．repaired C．repairing D．will repair 39．—Mum, my computer doesn’t work. It needs_________ .—OK. I will have it _________.A．repairing; repaired B．to repair; repairC．be repaired; repairing D．being repaired; to repair40．－This computer doesn’t work. －Really? I will have it tomorrow. A．repaired B．repair C．to be repaired D．be repaired 41．We middle school students are advised _________ at least one hour _________ exercise every day to stay healthy.A．spending; to take B．spending; taking C．to spend; to take D．to spend; taking 42．—Spring is also the time when the farmers are busy _______ the wheat.—Usually they don’t stop _______ even it’s lunchtime.A．growing; working B．growing; to work C．grow, to work D．grow; working 43．The girl is so helpful that she devoted all her spare time she had ________ others.A．to helping B．helping C．to help D．helped 44．—Were you born in Baiyin City?—No, I wasn’t. But I have been used ________ in the city since I moved here ten years ago.A．live B．to live C．living D．to living 45．David practices________ the piano hard and often gives wonderful performances.A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 46．—What happened to Lucy? I saw her _______ in her seat just now.—She failed in the final exam. Let’s go to cheer her up.A．crying B．to cry C．cried D．to be crying 47．All of us should know what attention should be paid to __________ a more beautiful Huai'an. A．building B．to build C．build D．have built 48．—Excuse me, can you explain the reason to me again?—Sorry, I know what I want to say but I have difficulty ______ myself clearly.A．express B．to express C．expressing D．to be expressed 49．—Do you have any plans for the holiday?—Yes, I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I’m looking forward to ________ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.A．see B．seeing C．sees D．saw50．My uncle regretted his house in Shanghai last year, because the house price keeps rising. A．sell B．to sell C．selling D．sold51．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets.—But the film is really worth _________ twice.A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeingC．managing; being seen D．managed; to see52．I like ___________ because it makes us know ourselves better and know more about the world.A．reading B．read C．to read D．reads53．________ of the road ________ broken down． It needs ________．A．Three-fourths; was; repairedB．Three quarters; has; to repairC．Three-fourth; was; to be repairedD．Three quarters; has; repairing54．The girl is often seen ____in the art room.A．practice drawing B．practised drawingC．to practice drawing D．practice to draw55．—What’s your plan for the coming summer holiday?—I’ll devote as much time as I can some voluntary work.A．to do B．to doing C．do D．doing56．This educational CD-ROM makes _____ easier for you to learn English. After using it for a month, you’ll have no difficulty ________ with foreigners.A．that; to talk B．it; to talkC．that; talking D．it; talking57．My mother often asks me to do some on Sunday.A．washing B．wash C．to wash D．washed58．The book written by Mo Yan is worth ______ a second time.A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．being read59．Tina is showing off her new phone. She won't stop ________about it.A．talk B．to talk C．talks D．talking60．Cao Wenxuan’s hometown in Yandu is well worth________.A．to visit B．visits C．visiting D．visited【参考答案】一、选择题1．D解析：D【详解】句意：最近几年，很多孩子被迫去做他们不感兴趣的事。
高考非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、单项选择非谓语动词1．________ that the govemment can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.A．Convincing B．ConvincedC．To convince D．Having convinced【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：确信政府会带领他们走出经济危机，人们对国家的未来很乐观。
B. Convinced adj. 确信的；深信的; A. Convincing adj.令人信服的; C. To convince 使确信，不定式表目的; Convince 使确信,该句中意思为使人们相信,故对people来说是被动的,故应选convinced选B。
考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。
2．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm.A．walked B．walkC．to walk D．walking【答案】D【解析】考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.短语的变式运用。
difficulty在句中充当先行词，其后为定语从句。
答案：D3．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad.A．Attend B．To attend C．Attending D．Having attended 【答案】C【解析】主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。
非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、单项选择非谓语动词1．IPhone, the world’s largest mobile phone maker, said that over the first nine months of the year it ________ 23 million handsets in China, an increase of 77 percent ________ the same period a year ago.A．had sold; compared to B．has sold; compared toC．sold; comparing with D．had sold; comparing with【答案】A【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。
句意：IPhone，世界最大的手机制造商，说今年头九个月期间，它已经在中国销售了2,300万台手机，与一年前的同期相比增加了77%。
第一空根据主句动词said可知，从句时态也应用过去时态，再根据over the first nine months of the year，判断应用过去完成时态；第二空是非谓语动词的固定句式compared to，意为“与……相比较”。
故选A。
2．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ______ to sunlight. A．exposed B．to expose C．exposing D．being exposed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。
本题考查短语be exposed to暴露与……。
句意：处理这种化学物质时要小心，因为它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。
故A正确。
考点：考查非谓语动词3．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel.A．making B．made C．make D．makes【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。
非谓语动词易错点讲解非谓语动词是指在句子中不担任谓语的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词在英语中的使用频率很高，但也是让很多学习者感到困惑和容易出错的地方。
下面将针对非谓语动词的易错点进行讲解。
1. 动词不定式的形式和用法动词不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的一种形式。
它的结构为"to + 动词原形"，常用作动词的宾语、表语、状语等。
以下是一些常见的易错点和正确的用法：1.1 不定式用作主语时，一般放在句首或句尾。
例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.（作主语）It is important to keep calm in emergency.（句尾）1.2 不定式与情态动词连用时，情态动词在不定式之前，而to不定式在情态动词之后。
例：You must remember to bring your ID card.（情态动词在不定式之前）1.3 不定式作宾语时，常用于以下结构中：a) 带有使役动词（make, let, have）的句子中，不定式不带to。
例：My father made me clean my room.（不带to）b) 动词感官（see, watch, hear）和感受（feel）后，不定式需带to。
例：I heard her sing in the competition.（带to）1.4 不定式作定语时，修饰名词或代词，位置在被修饰词之后。
例：I have a book to read.（修饰名词）The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.（修饰代词）2. 动名词的形式和用法动名词是以-ing结尾的非谓语动词形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
以下是一些常见的易错点和正确的用法：2.1 动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例：Swimming is my favorite hobby.（动名词作主语）2.2 动名词作宾语时，常常跟随某些动词（enjoy, avoid, finish, suggest等）之后。
非谓语动词总结以及易错点一.单项选择非谓语动词1.Jack wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, ________ not very popular with all its members.A. to be consideredB. consideringC. having consideredD. considered【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：杰克没有被任命为委员会主席，考虑到他的所有成员都不太受欢迎。
句中主语Jack和动词consider是被动关系指被别人考虑，用过去分词作状语，不用不定式或-ing 形式，故选D.2. _______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.A. Having exposedB. Being exposedC. To exposeD. Exposed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词。
句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。
分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to z/暴露于"，要用动名词Being exposed to a故B选项正确。
3.I'm afraid that I can't attend Tom's wedding party _________ next weekend.A. to be heldB. being heldC. heldD. is to be held【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。
句子中已经有了谓语can't attend,故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。
【精品】非谓语动词考点易错点的总结一、单项选择非谓语动词1．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.A．left B．to leaveC．leaving D．having left【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。
he与leave是主谓关系，即他让......处于某种状态，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。
2．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turnC．get D．grow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
make表示“发展成为(=develop i nto)”，是及物动词；turn表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词；get“变成，做成”是不及物动词；grow表示“生长，成长”。
根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。
”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意，make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。
故最佳答案应为A项。
3．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend.A．to be held B．being heldC．held D．is to be held【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。
句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。
非谓语动词总结以及易错点一、单项选择非谓语动词1． that it was going to rain, James took a raincoat with him.A．Seeing B．SawC．Seen D．To see【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：看到即将下雨，James随身带着雨衣。
分析句子可知，“see that it was going to rain”作状语，see与主语James是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系。
故选A。
2．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ______ to sunlight. A．exposed B．to expose C．exposing D．being exposed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。
本题考查短语be exposed to暴露与……。
句意：处理这种化学物质时要小心，因为它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。
故A正确。
考点：考查非谓语动词3．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。
date from表示“追溯到(某一时期)，始于(某一时期)”，a tomb of a man（男子的坟墓）与date from之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作后置定语，若用句子表示二者之间的关系，可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B．C．故选B。
4．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.A．wake B．wakenC．to wake D．waking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。
1.当名词被the first ,the last等序数词以及the only ,形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而不管动作是否已完成．He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.3.主动形式表被动意义的不定式。
主语＋be +adj. +to doThe question is very difficult to answer.The armchair is comfortable to sit in .The book is hard to understand.这类词有：easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangero us,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等，表示主语特征、性质或说明产生这种情感的原因。
4.独立主格结构作状语Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.Time permitting （=If time permits）, I shall stay here for another two days．The test finished, we began our holiday.Everything done( =After everything was done) , they went home.Mother being ill in bed （=Because Mother was ill in bed）, he couldn’t go to work.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.5.表示感官的动词1感2听,5看feel / hear , listen to / see, watch, notice, observe, look atI heard her sing an English song.I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room.I see him beaten by those bad boys.6. 4个使役动词: have，make，let，get+宾语+宾补（非谓语动词）※ make/let +宾语+ do sth 迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be made to do sth He made me laugh.I was made to laugh by himLet’s go there , shall we ?※ make /let +宾语+done (动词过去分词)（使某事被做）He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.Let he clothes washed.※ have +宾语+do sthHe had her go there.※ have+宾语+doing sth 表示动作的执行者为宾语,但是动词必须是持续性动词/延续性动词，后面常接一个时间段He had her standing in the rain for two hoursHe had us laughing all through lunch.※ have +宾语+done 表示叫，让，请别人做某事或遭遇不幸事件I will have my bike repaired this afternoonHe had his wallet stolen at the railway station.He had his pocket picked.※ get +宾语+to do sthHe got his brother to help him.※get +宾语+doing sthHe got his bike running very fast※ get +宾语+doneHe got the car started7.with 的复合结构“With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。
