工业设计专业英语.ppt

精心整理Lesson6ItaliandesignTwentieth-centuryItaliandesignisonlyonefacetofthecultural,political,socialandeconomic storyofmodernItaly.Thestylish,mass-producedpiecesoffurniture,decorativehouseholdgoods ,electricalappliances,officeequipment,carsand,latterly,designerclothesandaccessories （thathaveearnedItalysuchakeypositionintheworldofcontemporarymaterialculture ）are,（inessence ）,amirrorof （thatcountry ’sbidformodernityandofitsstruggle,（ （例如，不像日本通过数年的仔细模仿来学习设计课程。

从一开始，意大利就决定找到一种独特的方式将艺术与工业结合起来。

Itowesthisachievementtoanumberoffactors,amongthemthesupportofsuchpowerfulandfar-sight edindustrialpatronsastheOlivetticompany;Italy’sdeep -seatedneedtoallydesignwiththedra matictransformationsinitspoliticalscene(andthesustaineddebateabouttheideologicalmeani ngindesignwhichthisbroughtwithit);thespecialnatureofItalianindustrialization,whichhasrespectedcrafttraditionswhileimplementingnewsystemsofmassproduction;andthecreativegen iusesofthesmallclusterofItalianarchitect-designerswhosenameshavebecomesynonymouswitht heconceptofmodernItaliandesign.意大利能取得这么大的成就有几个因素,其中例如Olivetti这样强大而富有远见的工业赞助公司的支持;意大利有很深的根基可以将设计与政治背景的戏剧性变化联合起来,(这将带来持续不变的关于设计观念的争论)意大利工业化的特殊性质是尊重传统手工业同时实施大批量生产的新系统.一大群富有创造力的天才意大利建筑设计师,他们的名字变成了现代意大利设计的代名词.“——“and “““”然而,计”更专业,更全面地理解这一定义的是批评家UmbertoEco,他在书中首次写道”一致性设计“.通过对比另外两种设计形式可以很好理解这一定义,他称为”匿名性设计”和”无意识性”设计,分别列举咖啡机和农具.Eco定义的”一致性设计”与另外两种设计相比,他说:”设计的目的是用明确的物品表达设计师的理念”他列举了汽车设计师巴蒂斯塔.皮尼法瑞德工作来说明这一现象. Ecoplacestheemphasisfirmlyontheself-consciousintentionsofthe“author”or“designer”. Histhesisisderivedfromtheso-called“auteur”theory,evolvedwithinthecontextoffilmcriti cism,whichdistinguishesbetweentheself-conscious“highculture"filmandthemorespontaneou s“massculture”filmwhichexpresses,unselfconsciously,thevaluesandaspirationsofmasssocietyasawhole.TheevolutioninItalyof（aself-conscious“highculture”designmovement）,whichcoexistsalongsidedesignwithinthemorebanalproductionandconsumpti onofgoods,iswhathasearnedItalyitsspecialplacewithintheworldofcontemporarymaterialcult ure.Inevitably,however,“identified”,“anonymous”and“non-conscious”typesofdesignh avenotevolvedcompletelyindependentlyofeachother,andtherearemanyoverlapsbetweenthem. 坚决地将重点放在“设计师”和“作者”的自我意识意图上，他的观点来自于所谓的“电影导演”理论，在电影批评理论之内演化，它把自我意识的“深厚文化”的电影与自发的“大众文化”的电（）uralpowerwithinthemodernindustrializedworld.Assuch,whilemodernItaliandesignoweditsori ginstospecificallyItalianconditions,anddisplayedvisualtraitsthathavebeendescribedaspa rticularly“Italian”incharacter(Italy’srichartisticheritageisfrequentlymentionedint hiscontext),itseffectsweregreateroutsideItaly.Itsspecialrolewastoprovideanationalimag ewithinthecontextofinternationaltradeandculture.ThusmostmodernItaliandesignwas(except intheveryearlystagesofitsevolution)“designforexport”,andassuchitsinfluenceonthegrea terpartofItaliansocietywas,andis,minimal.Fromtheearly1960sonwardsitsimpactwasfeltmost stronglyinthewealthyquartersofLondon,Paris,NewYorkandTokyo.Thus,whiletheproductionofItaliandesignisinextricablylinkedtotheeconomic,socialandculturalcontextofmodernItaly,i tsconsumptionisnot.然而，Eco忽视的没有指出的是，还有一些其他的特征也区别于这种意大利的特殊设计与广义上的设计。

Aesthetics美学的Sketch草图Intelligent智能性Interactive交互性Symbol符号性Conception概念Function功能Form形式Model造型，模型Creativity创造性设计 Design现代设计 Modern Design工艺美术设计 Craft Design工业设计 Industrial Design一维设计 One-dimension Design 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design 三维设计 Three-dimension Design 设计方法论 Design Methodology 设计语言 Design Language设计条件 Design Condition结构设计 Structure Design形式设计 Form Design设计过程 Design Process构思设计 Concept Design色 Color色彩混合 Color Mixing三原色 Three Primary Colors色相 Hue色相环 Color Cycle明度 Valve彩度 Chroma环境色 Environmetal Color有彩色 Chromatic Color无彩色 Achromatic Colors工具 Tool金工 Metal Work铸造 Casting切削加工 Cutting焊接 Welding板金工 Sheetmetal Woek马赛克 Mosaic造型 Formation再现 Representation表现 Expression构成 Composition平面构成 Tow Dimentional Composition 立体构成 Three Dimentional Composition 色彩构成 Color Composition空间构成 Composition of Space计算机辅助设计 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 人因工程学 Human Factors Engineering P.C.B 电路板美 Beauty现实美 Acture Beauty自然美 Natural Beauty社会美 Social Beauty艺术美 Artisitc Beauty内容与形式 Content and Form单点透视Single Paint Perdpective两点透视Tow-Point Perdpective三点透视Three-Point Perdpective鸟瞰图Bird's Eye View平面视图Ground Plain轴侧投影Axonometric Projection设计素描Design Sketch预想图Rendering模型Model。

材料与加工成型技术(英)1 材料Material2 材料规划Material Planning3 材料评价Material Appraisal4 金属材料Metal Materials5 无机材料Inorganic Materials6 有机材料Organic Materials7 复合材料Composite Materials8 天然材料Natural Materials9 加工材料Processing Materials10 人造材料Artificial Materials11 黑色金属Ferrous Metal12 有色金属Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷Ceramics21 水泥Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅Enamel23 玻璃Glass24 微晶玻璃Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料Plastics30 通用塑料Wide Plastics31 工程塑料Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶Rubber35 粘接剂Adhesives36 涂料Paints37 树脂Resin38 聚合物Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂Allyl Resin56 硅树脂Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂Polyurethane Resin58 密胺Melamine Formaldehyde Resin59 ABS 树脂Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨Printing Ink63 印刷用纸Printing Paper64 铜板纸Art Paper65 木材Wood66 竹材Bamboo67 树脂装饰板Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板Veneer70 曲木Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸Waxed Paper72 青铜Bronge73 薄壳结构Shell Construction74 技术Technic75 工具Tool76 金工Metal Work77 铸造Casting78 切削加工Cutting79 压力加工Plastic Working80 压力加工Plastic Working81 焊接Welding82 板金工Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克Mosaic84 塑性成型Plastic Working85 灌浆成型Slip Casting86 挤出成型Sqeezing87 注压成型Injection Molding88 加压成型Pressing89 水压成型Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法Hot Pressing91 HIP 成型Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型Blow Molding94 压延成型Calendering95 转送成型Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型Slash Molding97 铸塑成型Casting98 喷涂成型Spray Up99 层积成型Laminating100 FW 法Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离Adhesion and Excoriation102 木材工艺Woodcraft103 竹材工艺Bamboo Work104 表面技术Surface Technology105 镀饰Plating106 涂饰Coating107 电化铝Alumite108 烫金Hot Stamping109 预制作Prefabrication110 预制住宅Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁Cantilever112 金属模具Mold113 型板造型Modeling of Teplate114 染料Dyestuff115 颜料Artist Color传播与传媒设计(英)1 传播Communication2 大众传播Mass Communication3 媒体Media4 大众传播媒体Mass Media5 视觉传播Visual Communication6 听觉传播Hearing Communication7 信息Information8 符号Sign9 视觉符号Visual Sign10 图形符号Graphic Symbol11 符号论Semiotic12 象征Symbol13 象征标志Symbol Mark14 音响设计Acoustic Design15 听觉设计Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计Visual Design19 视觉传播设计Visual Communication Design20 图形设计Graphic Design21 编辑设计Editorial Design22 版面设计Layout23 字体设计Lettering24 CI 设计Corporate Identity Design25 宣传Propaganda26 广告Advertising27 广告委托人Adveertiser28 广告代理业Advertising Agency29 广告媒体Advertising Media30 广告目的Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理Morality of Advertising32 广告法规Law of Advertising33 广告计划Advertising Planing34 广告效果Advertising Effect35 广告文案Advertising Copy36 广告摄影Advertising Photography37 说明广告Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报Poster39 招牌Sign-board40 小型宣传册Pamphlet41 大型宣传册Portfolio42 商品目录Catalogue43 企业商报House Organ44 户外广告Outdoor Advertising45 POP 广告Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示Display47 橱窗展示Window Display48 展示柜Cabinet49 博览会Exposition50 万国博览会World Exposition51 包装Packaging52 工业包装Industrial Packing53 标签Label54 企业形象Corporate Image55 企业色Company Color56 动画Animation57 插图Illustration58 书法Calligraphy59 印刷Initial60 设计费design fee61 标准standard62 注册商标registered trade mark设计美学与设计实验(英)1 美Beauty2 现实美Acture Beauty3 自然美Natural Beauty4 社会美Social Beauty5 艺术美Artisitc Beauty6 内容与形式Content and Form7 形式美Formal Beauty8 形式原理Principles and Form9 技术美Beauty of Technology10 机械美Beauty of Machine11 功能美Functional Beauty12 材料美Beauty of Material13 美学Aesthetics14 技术美学Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学Design Aesthetics16 生产美学PAroduction Aesthetics17 商品美学Commodity Aedthetics18 艺术Art19 造型艺术Plastic Arts20 表演艺术Performance Art21 语言艺术Linguistic Art22 综合艺术Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术Practical Art24 时间艺术Time Art25 空间艺术Spatial Art26 时空艺术Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术One Dimantional28 二维艺术two Dimantional29 三维艺术Three Dimantional30 四维艺术Four Dimantional31 舞台艺术Stagecraft32 影视艺术Arts of Mmovie and Television33 环境艺术Environmental Art34 美术Fine Arts35 戏剧Drama36 文学Literature37 意匠Idea38 图案Pattern39 构思Conception40 构图Composition41 造型Formation42 再现Representation43 表现Expression44 构成Composition45 平面构成Tow Dimentional Composition46 立体构成Three Dimentional Composition47 色采构成Color Composition48 空间构成Composition of Space49 音响构成Composition and Sound50 多样与统一Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡Balance52 对称Symmetry53 调和、和声Harmony54 对照Contrast55 类似Similarity56 比例Proportion57 黄金分割Golden Section58 节奏Rhythm59 旋律Melody60 调子Tone61 变奏Variation62 纹样Pattern63 形态Form64 有机形态Organic Form65 抽象形态Abstract Form66 简化形态Simptified Form67 变形Deformation68 图学Graphics69 透视画法Perspective70 线透视Linear Perspective71 视点Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点Vanishing Point73 平行透视Parallel Persective74 成角透视Angular Perspective75 斜透视Obligue Perspective76 单点透视Single Paint Perdpective77 两点透视Tow-Point Perdpective78 三点透视Three-Point Perdpective79 鸟瞰图Bird's Eye View80 平面视图Ground Plain81 轴侧投影Axonometric Projection82 设计素描Design Sketch83 预想图Rendering84 模型Model85 黏土模型Clay Model86 石膏模型Plaster Model87 木制模型Wooden Model88 缩尺模型Scale Model89 原大模型Mock Up90 仿真模型Finished Model91 创造原形Prototype92 计算机图形学Computer Graphics93 框架模型Frame Model94 实体模型Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助创造Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画Computer Three Dimentional Animation98 计算机艺术Computer Arts99 计算机书法Computer Calligraphy100 计算机图象处理Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成Computer Sound Composition实验心理学与人机工程学1 人类工程学Human Engineering2 人机工程学Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学Ergonomice4 人因工程学Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素Human Factors6 人机系统Man-Machine System7 人体工程学Human Engineering8 人本位设计Human Sstandard Design9 实验心理学Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学Psychophysics11 感觉Sensation12 知觉Perception13 感觉阙限Threshold of Senssation14 心理量表Psychological Scaling15 视觉Visual Perception16 视觉通道Visual Pathway17 听觉Hearing Perception18 肤觉Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学Hearing Psychology21 感光元Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视Phootopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision23 光适应与暗适应Photopic Adaptation and Sscotopic Adaptation24 格式塔，完形Gestalt25 形状知觉Shape Perception26 轮廓Conotour27 主观轮廓Subjictive Contour28 图形与背景Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转Reversible Figure30 良好形状法则Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化Grouping32 等质性法则Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装Camouflage34 形状的恒常性Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性Size Constancy36 空间知觉Space Perception37 立体视Stereopsis38 运动知觉Movement Perception39 视错觉Optical Illusion40 残像After Image41 似动Apparent Movement42 视觉后效Aftereffects in Visuvl43 瀑布效应Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪Eye Camera45 听觉刺激Auditory St。

Design-Led Innovation设计驱动创新By Design Council/UK设计委员会/英国In 2006 our former Chairman, Sir George Cox,was commissioned by The Treasury to undertake a review of creativity in business, and to recommend how the governments, educational institutions and to recommend how the governments, educational institutions and businesses could help support economic growth.Supporting innovation sat at the heart of his recommendations because he saw that the UK currently earns most of our living through high value creative industry, and that without protection,investment and development, our creative industries could falter in the face of developing international competition. Sir George saw that designers working as part of a multi-disciplinary team, with business managers, engineers, scientists and technologists, can support innovation in the UK.设计驱动创新由英国设计委员会/2006年，我们的前主席乔治•考克斯爵士(Sir George Cox)受英国财政部委托，对商业中的创造力进行了一次评估，并就政府、教育机构如何以及政府、教育机构和企业如何帮助支持经济增长提出建议。

Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics美学and usability可用性 of mass-produced products批量化生产产品may be improved for marketability and production.改良得更适合 The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, user ergonomics, marketing, brand development and sales.工业设计是一门利用艺术美学和可用性设计将产品改良得更适合于市场化批量化生产的应用型美术。

一个工业设计师的任务就是解决工程、可用性、人机工程、销售、商标发展和销售难题，创新和实行设计方案。

“工业设计”这个名字一直被认为是设计师 Joseph Claude Sinel在1919年命名的（虽然他在之后的采访里都否认），但这个学科的诞生比这早了至少十年。

它来源于产品工业化。

比如成立于1907年的德意志制造联盟，包豪斯前身，是一个国家支持的致力于整合传统工艺和工业化生产技术的机构，使德国有了与英国和美国的竞争的立足点。

The term "industrial design" is often attributed to 把。

归属于the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline学科 predates早了至少十年that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer products.产品工业化 For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored国家支持 effort to 致力于integrate 整合的traditional crafts传统民间工艺 and industrial mass-production techniques,批量化生产技术 to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States.Process of design 设计过程Rapid prototyping at RCA 美国无线电公司的快速成型法Although the process of design may be considered ' creative'创造性的, many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research用户研究, sketching写生, comparative product research对比研究, model making模型制作, prototyping原型设计 and testing测试.虽然设计的过程也许被认为是“富有创造性的”，很多分析过程也会在设计中发生。

Lesson33 Just in Time DesignA dizzying array of choices is available to designers needing to output their CAD designs as physical prototypes. The question of which is best requires some careful consideration. Much depends on what the designer is trying to achieve with the prototype,whether it is a study of form--requiring some degree of high finish and detail-or function, requiring a more robust technique or a particular type of material.The accuracy of many of the techniques listed below is within a margin of around 0.1 to 0.2 mm, but this tends to vary relative to the direction of the slicing and size of models. (Designers should check with the vendor first if this is a major concern.) All rapid prototyping techniques are limited by the size of parts they can produce in one piece, but vendors can be asked to divide and conquer. They are very savvy at splitting a CAD model and rejoining the pieces to create very large parts.The Web is a useful resource for keeping an eye on all of these continually changing techniques. Rapid prototyping is such a competitive industry that vendors are always improving materials and processes. Models now take a third of the cost and time that they did five years ago. As a consequence, design teams can now, in theory, make three times as many models, creating a more sophisticated and mature end product.It is worth remembering that while it is easy to be romanced by all of this computer-aided design and virtual prototyping, the tried and tested foam model, generated in an afternoon from simple 2-D drawings, will often beat out its hi-tech sister in both schedule and cost Here' s an overview of the latest modeling techniques.Rapid prototyping: the choices.Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) DTM Corp. Austin, TX; 512-339-2922Method: Uses laser energy to melt layers of powdered nylon, polycarbonate or elastomer 5,000th of an inch (mils) thick to build up parts with 75 percent the properties of the normal polymer.Uses: The parts have a slightly granular look making them best suited to models needing strength rather than looks. Good for medical applications.Laminated Object Modeling(LOM)Helisys Inc., Torrance, CA; 310-891-0600Method: Build up low-cost sheet materials, such as paper and plastic, into models.Uses: The main advantage is model size(up to 22'' x32 " x20" )and slightly lower cost. Parts are less accurate and have a thicker,stepped look.Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)Stratasys Inc., Eden Prairie, MN; 612-937-3000Method: Weaves models from a thermoplastic thread ofABS or elastomer.Uses: Atechnique still in its infancy, FDM produces a coarse 3-D fabric look unsuitable for anything aesthetic.Ballistic Particle Manufacturing(BPM)BPM Technology, Greenville, SC; 803-297-7700Method: uses a nozzle to spray tiny molten particles of thermoplastic into 3-D models. The nozzle can deliver the material from any angle, which reduces the stepping effect.Uses: Holds promise for curvy shapes.Laser Cutting Lasrcam, Menlo Park, CA, 650-324-2525Method: Used extensively for architectural models of plastic, paper and wood (not always considered a rapid prototyping technique)Uses: Any design that can be built up, kitlike, from 2-D CAD profiles can be lasercut. A widevariety of thicknesses (up to 0.5 " ) are possible. Highly cost-and speed-effective. Excellent for mocking up the sheet metal of a design, complete with intricate vent patterns, as well as for testing hinge and other complex dynamic mechanism ideas.CNC Machining Checking your normal modelmaking or machinist vendors.Method: Familiar to all as the best way of showing off organic surfaces, it has kept improving in schedule and cost to compete with the emerging rapid prototype industry.Uses: If you can afford a little more cost and time, CNC is still the best way to represent smooth surfaces. As an added bonus,better plastics are used in the process, so models will not warp in the car trunk, nor fall apart during user tests.Stereolithography(SLA) 3D systems, Valencia, CA; 805-295-5600Method: The ever-handy and most popular modeling technique. Uses light to photopolymerize and build up thin layers of special resins direct from digital data.Uses: Great for form and surface studies that check out CAD model progress, as well as for limited functional testing of detailed parts(injection molding, die casting, etc.). The direct transfer of data eliminates the chances of human error. Can produce parts in steps of between 3 and 5 mm, but the resins are brittle and thermally unstable.Solid Ground Curing (SGC or "Cubital " ) Cubital America Inc., Troy, MI; 810-585-7880Method: a relatively new variation on Stereolithography, producing parts layer by layer using a photopolymer that is fixed with UV light then backfilled with wax, but in coarser 6 mm steps.Uses: Much the same as Stereolithography, except that Cubital parts stand up better to heat and aging and are stronger. It is best to see parts unfinished rather that risk sanding away small details or subtle surface irregularities.Lesson33准时设计令人眼花缭乱的选择提供给设计师无需输出他们的CAD设计为物理样机。