高考英语语法专题复习情态动词与虚拟语气

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高考英语语法专项复习分类汇编精品讲义

情态动词与虚拟语调

1. — No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

— Oh, you are really his big fan. (·湖南卷 28)

A. can B. need C. must D. might

【解析】选 A。can 强调能力,是“能,会”的意思。句意:在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。你真是他的铁杆粉丝。

2. — I don't really like James. Why di d you invite him?

— Don't worry. He come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. (·北京卷

24)

A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not

【解析】选 D。根据句意,James 可能不会来的。由于他自己不确信他的计划是什么。might

not 表可能性,“可能不”。

情态动词

考点 1. could 与 was/were able to 的区别

Although the fire in the hotel was very big, they escape from it.

A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to

【解析】选 D。A 的时态不对, C 选项主谓不一致。could 和 was / were able to 虽都表过去的能力,但后者还体现“付诸了行动”的意思。

could 普通只表过去的能力;若表达过去的能力得到了实施,普通用 was / were able to,

不用 could。

考点 2.表达“可能性”的 can, may, must

Liza well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling.

A. will B. can

C. must D. may

【解析】选 D。句意: Liza 极有可能不想去旅行——她讨厌旅行。may well not 很可能不,表达否认猜想。

例 2:It be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. (·江西卷 23)

A. mustn't B. can't

C. won't D. needn't

【解析】选 B。 can't 表“不可能”,否认推测。根据前后句意思只能用 can't。needn't“不必要”;mustn't 表“严禁,不许”,won't 表将来。

必定推测普通用must, should, may/might 或could(普通不用can), 其中, must 的语调最强,意为“必定”, should 次之,意为“很可能,应当”, may/might 语调最弱,意为“可能”。否认推测语调不很必定时惯用 may/might not 或 could not, 意为“可能不,可能不”;否认语调较强时则用 can't, 意为“根本不可能,想必不会”;用于疑问句表达惊异、怀疑的感情色彩时用

can。

考点 3. “情态动词+have done”的使用方法

例 1:They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (·新课标卷 32)

A. will B. can

C. must D. should

【解析】选 D。 should have done 表“过去本应当做而未做的”。句意:他们本应当在午饭 时候达成的,但是他们的航班误点了。must have done 过去一定干过某事,表必定推测。can

have done 表过去可能性,“过去本有可能干”。

例 2:— I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.

— How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone it. (·江苏卷 34)

A. will have stolen B. might have stolen

C. should have stolen D. must have stolen

【解析】选 B。might have done 表过去很有可能已做某事。而 must have done 则表达过去一定有人做过某事。如果被别人偷走了,那么就不可能把东西弄回。will have done 是将来完毕时;should have done 过去本该做而未做。

must have done 表达对过去事情的必定推测。

can't / couldn't have done 表达对过去所发生的事情所做的否认推测。

may have done 表达过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。

might / could have done 表达对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测,或者表达原来能够做而事实上未做的事情。

should / ought to have done 表达本应当做的事情而事实上未做,含有对对方的责怪。

needn't have done 表达做了本不应当做的事情。

考点 4.特殊状况

John promised his doctor he not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.

A. might B. should

C. could D. would

【解析】选 D。考察情态动词在语境中的特殊使用方法。句意:约翰答应医生不再吸烟,从那后来,他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表达意愿。

might 用作 may 的过去式,表达“能够,可能”;should 作情态动词,表达“应当”, 相称于 ought

to; could 可用来替代 can 阐明现在的状况,提出请求、想法、建议等;would 用于过去状况,表达“乐意”, “肯”, “会”等。

John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must B. Can

C. May D. Need

【解析】选 A。must 在此表达特定的语调和态度,意为“偏要,硬要”。

1. can 的几个习语

“can but +动词原形”表达“只能,大不了”。

“can't but +动词原形”表达“不得不”。

“can't help +动词-ing 形式”表达“不得不,禁不住”。

“can't …too…”表达“无论如何都不为过,越……越……”。

2. must 有时表达 “偏要,偏偏”, 也可作名词,意为“必须做的事情”。

3. should 可作“居然、万一”解。考点 5. shall 的 3 种使用方法

①表说话人的意图。在陈说句中主语是第二﹑三人称,表说话者给对方的承诺﹑决心﹑警告、威胁等;

②征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求时,主语为第一、三人称的疑问句。

③表达强制。用于法令、公约、规章中,意为“必须,应当”

— Will you read me a story, Mummy?

— OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (·陕西卷 24)

A. might B. must C. could D. shall

【解析】选 D。shall 在此表“许可”。虚拟语调

考点 1.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型

I through that bitter period without your generous help. (·陕西卷 22)

A. couldn't have gone B. didn't go

C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone

【解析】选 A。句意:没有你的慷慨协助,我就不可能熬过那段痛苦时期。此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语调。without your generous help=if I hadn't had your generous help。从句用过去完毕时,主句则用情态动词+完毕时。couldn't have gone through 表“过去不可能经历”。

1. 若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用普通过去时(be 普通用 were), 主句谓语用“would

(should, could, might)+动词原形”。

2. 若与过去事实相反, 条件从句的谓语用过去完毕时, 主句谓语用“would

(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

3. 若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用普通过去时(be 普通用 were)或 should+

动词原形或 w ere to+动词原形,主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”。考点 2. 使用虚拟语调的几个从句

— Where are the children? T he dinner's going to be completely ru ined.

— I wish they always late. (·北京卷 28)

A. weren't B. hadn't been

C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been

【解析】选 A。wish 后有 3 种形式的虚拟语调句子。此句根据前一分句 where are the

children?可知是在问孩子现在在哪里?因此对方才会说我但愿他们不要总是迟到。因此选A。

1. wish 后的宾语从句和 if only 后的句子:表达与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用普通过去时或过去进行时;表达与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完毕时;表达将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,惯用“would (could)+动词原形”。

2. as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句:表达与现在事实相反,从句谓语用普通过去时或过去进行时;表达与过去事实相反,用过去完毕时;表达将来的可能性不大,用“would (could)+动词原形”。

温馨提示:若从句所说的内容可能为事实,也可用陈说语调。

3. It's (high / about) time 后的定语从句:从句谓语普通用普通过去时或“should+动词原形(should 不可省)”。

4. would rather 后的宾语从句:普通用普通过去时表达现在或将来的愿望,用过去完毕时表达过去的愿望。

5. 一种“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order, command)、三个“建议”(advise, suggest,

propose)、四个“规定”(demand, require, request, ask)后的宾语从句:普通用“should+动词原形(should 可省)”。