全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试一级笔译实务试题

CATTI英语一级笔译实务考前模拟试题完整版以下是CATTI英语一级笔译实务考前模拟试题完整版，供您参考和理解实际考试内容和要求。

Part I：选择题Section A：选择正确的词语填空1. The newly implemented policy aims to promote ____________ and reduce social inequality.a) localizationb) globalizationc) regionalizationd) decentralization2. It is important for translators to maintain a high level of____________ when dealing with confidential information.a) accuracyb) discretionc) precisiond) proficiency3. The recent economic downturn has had a significant impact on____________ sectors, such as manufacturing and retail.b) volatilec) thrivingd) stagnant4. He is renowned for his ability to ____________ complex ideas into simple and accessible language.a) conveyb) interpretc) originated) manifest5. The report provides a ____________ overview of the current market trends and projections for the next fiscal year.a) comprehensiveb) superficialc) fragmentedd) peripheralSection B：选择正确的选项完成句子6. The translator managed to ____________ the cultural nuances in the source text, ensuring a faithful rendition.a) preservec) eliminated) undermine7. The conference was a great opportunity for industry leaders to exchange ideas and ____________ best practices.a) promoteb) implementc) incorporated) share8. The translator's extensive background in business and finance enables her to accurately translate ____________ documents.a) technicalb) legalc) literaryd) scientific9. The candidate was asked to provide ____________ examples of her previous translation work during the interview.a) arbitraryb) arbitraryc) specificd) generic10. The company values its employees' ____________ and encourages open communication at all levels.a) feedbackb) resistancec) critiqued) indifferencePart II：简答题Section A：回答问题1. Explain the concept of "consecutive interpreting" and its importancein the field of translation and interpretation.Consecutive interpreting refers to the technique of orally translating a speaker's message after he or she has finished speaking. The interpreter listens to a part of the speech, takes notes, and then delivers the translation while the speaker pauses. This allows for a more accurate and comprehensive interpretation as the interpreter has time to process and analyze the information before translating.Consecutive interpreting is important in various contexts such as conferences, business meetings, and legal proceedings. It allows for effective communication between individuals who speak different languages, ensuring that the intended message is accurately conveyed. The interpretermust have strong listening and note-taking skills, as well as cultural awareness, to provide an accurate interpretation.2. Discuss the role of technology in the field of translation and its impact on the work of translators.Technology has significantly impacted the field of translation, revolutionizing the way translators work and improving efficiency. Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools, such as translation memory systems, help translators store and reuse previously translated segments, ensuring consistency and reducing the time required for translation.Machine translation technologies, such as Google Translate, have also become popular tools for translators. While machine translation can provide a quick draft translation, human intervention is still necessary to ensure accuracy and quality. Translators rely on their language skills and cultural knowledge to refine and optimize machine-generated translations.Additionally, technology has facilitated communication and collaboration among translators and clients through online platforms and project management tools. Translators can easily access reference materials, communicate with clients, and work on projects remotely.3. Describe the challenges faced by translators when translating idiomatic expressions and cultural references.Translating idiomatic expressions and cultural references presents several challenges for translators. Idioms often have a specific meaning that may not be directly translatable into another language. Translators mustcarefully consider the context and intended meaning of the idiom to find an equivalent expression or construct a new one that conveys the same idea.Cultural references, such as jokes, puns, or historical events, can be particularly challenging to translate. These references may not have direct equivalents in the target language, requiring the translator to find alternative ways to convey the intended humor or cultural significance.Translators must possess strong cultural knowledge and understanding of both the source and target languages to effectively navigate these challenges. They need to strike a balance between maintaining the original meaning and adapting the expression or reference to the target audience.Part III：翻译题Translate the following passage into English:在全球化的时代，跨国企业在全球范围内展开业务活动已成为常态。

2019年6月CATTI全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语一级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: translationPart 1 English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(40points)There was a time when people used to love reading books and they used to read books only for their own pleasure. The traditional pleasures of reading are more complex than just enjoyment. They involve patience, solitude, contemplation. And therefore the books that are most at risk from our attention are these that require a bit of effort. In order for this to work, however, we need a certain type of silence, an ability to filter out the noise. Such a state is increasingly elusive in our over-networked culture, in which every rumour and mundanity is blogged and tweeted. Today, it seems it is not contemplation we seek but an odd sort of distraction masquerading as being in the know. Why? Because of the illusion that illumination is based on speed, that it is more important to react than to think, that we live in a culture in which something is attached to every bit of time.In one sense, this is just the latest twist in a story that has been growing for nearly a century. It seems that each new media invention —movies, radio, television, VCRs and DVD players, and the Internet-inevitably affects the way people read and reduces the time they devote to it. These days, after spending hours reading e-mails and fielding phone calls in the office, tracking stories across countless websites, I find it difficult to quiet down. Besides, most people read to be informed and instructed -where to take a vacation, how to cook, how to invest their money. Less frequently, the reasons may be escapist or to be entertained, to forgo the boredom or anxiety of their daily lives.A mode of thinking is being lost,” laments Neil Postman, whose book “Amusing Ourselves to Dea th,” is a warning about the consequences of a falloff in reading. American politics, religion, news, athletics, education, and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business. Ironically, but not coincidentally, reading has begun fading from our culture at the very moment that its importance to that culture is finally being established. Its decline, many theorists believe, is as profound as, say, the fall of communism, and some have taken to prophesying that the downturn in reading could result in the modern world's cultural and political decline. Optimists, however, suggest that the widespread notion that reading is in decline is an oversimplification, citing statistics showing books, the oldest form of print, seem to be doing reasonably well and publishers, in fact, arechurning out more and more books.Ah，but are those books actually being read? Not, in many cases, from cover to cover. In a society where professional success now requires acquaintance with masses of esoteric information, books are often purchased to be consulted, not read. About 15% of the new titles in "Books in Print" are scientific or technical books. Fiction and general-interest nonfiction works would seem to be designed to be read, but lately these books also serve other functions. Their authors often employ them as routes to movie contracts or to tenure or to the intellectual renown. Their publishers increasingly see these books not as collections of ideas and information but as products that must be publicized and marketed so the profits of the large conglomerates they now work for may rise. Reading still plays and, for the foreseeable future, will continue to play, a crucial role in our society. Nevertheless, there is no getting around the fact that reading's role has diminished and likely will continue to shrink.Part 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(40points)“老夫久居大都市，刚刚和家人去乡下盘桓三日，白天在田间徜徉，夜里听虫鸣蛙声入眠。

翻译专业考试德语一级笔译实务样题(人事部CATTI考试)翻译专业考试德语一级笔译实务样题(人事部CATTI考试)题目：人工智能时代的翻译行业发展在当今全球化的潮流下，语言交流的需求不断增加，翻译行业也逐渐发展壮大。

特别是在人工智能时代的背景下，翻译行业面临着许多新的挑战和机遇。

本文将探讨人工智能对翻译行业的影响以及如何应对。

一、人工智能的发展与应用随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，翻译行业也开始逐渐受到其影响。

人工智能翻译技术在各类翻译软件和在线翻译平台中得到广泛应用。

通过机器学习和自然语言处理等技术手段，人工智能翻译系统可以实现自动翻译，并且在一些特定领域的翻译任务上取得了较好的效果。

然而，尽管人工智能翻译的准确度有所提升，但与人工翻译相比，仍存在一定的局限性。

二、人工智能与人工翻译的结合在实际应用中，人工智能翻译和人工翻译并非完全对立，而是可以相互结合。

人工智能翻译系统可以辅助翻译人员进行翻译工作，提高翻译的效率和准确度。

翻译人员可以借助人工智能翻译系统进行初步的翻译，然后再进行适当的调整和润色，以确保翻译结果的质量。

同时，人工智能翻译系统在信息检索和术语管理等方面也能够提供有价值的支持。

三、人工智能对翻译行业的挑战尽管人工智能翻译在某些方面有其优势，但在面对某些特定领域或者较为复杂的翻译任务时，仍然无法完全替代人工翻译。

例如，涉及到文化、社会背景、行业术语等的翻译任务，人工智能翻译系统可能无法准确理解和处理。

此外，语境的理解和表达能力也是人工智能翻译的瓶颈，很难像人类翻译员那样进行灵活、准确的翻译。

四、如何应对人工智能时代的挑战在人工智能时代，翻译人员需要不断提升自身的专业能力和技术水平，以更好地应对挑战。

首先，要继续深入学习和掌握各类语言知识和翻译技巧，提高准确度和流畅度。

其次，要积极了解和熟悉人工智能翻译技术的应用，并学会合理利用。

同时，也要关注行业的最新发展，了解市场的需求和趋势，适时调整自身的发展方向。

catti一级笔译考试真题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1. 在翻译中，以下哪种技巧是不必要的？A. 直译B. 意译C. 逐字翻译D. 省略翻译答案：C2. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的隐喻？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为明喻C. 转换为直接陈述D. 保留原文隐喻答案：B3. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用原文术语B. 查找对应术语的翻译C. 创造新术语D. 忽略不译答案：B4. 翻译中，如何处理文化差异？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言文化中的等效表达C. 添加注释解释D. 忽略文化差异答案：B5. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的双关语？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为单关语C. 保留双关语D. 忽略双关语答案：C6. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的修辞手法？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言中的等效修辞C. 忽略修辞手法D. 创造新的修辞手法答案：B7. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的俚语？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为正式语言C. 查找对应俚语的翻译D. 忽略不译答案：C8. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的诗歌？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为散文C. 保留诗歌形式D. 忽略不译答案：C9. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的方言？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言的标准方言C. 查找对应方言的翻译D. 忽略不译答案：C10. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的幽默元素？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言中的等效幽默C. 忽略幽默元素D. 创造新的幽默元素答案：B二、阅读理解题（每题3分，共5题）请阅读以下段落，并回答问题。

段落：随着全球化的不断推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

翻译作为连接不同文化和语言的桥梁，扮演着至关重要的角色。

优秀的翻译不仅要准确传达原文的意思，还要考虑到目标语言的文化背景和读者的阅读习惯。

因此，翻译者需要具备深厚的语言功底和丰富的文化知识。

11. 翻译在全球化中扮演什么角色？答案：翻译作为连接不同文化和语言的桥梁，扮演着至关重要的角色。

一、英译汉（节选自《卫报》） In December 2015, British publishing stood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of colour. An apology was issued by organisers but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, thetroubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across theliterary establishment. A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year by the development agency Spread the Word, which drew attention to how intransigently white, middle-class and male remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel. The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME (black, Asian, minority ethnics) applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms. To name a few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London and has set a company goal “for allnew hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper Collins is launching programmes for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, while Hachette is encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members. Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s scheme connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, is helping to demystify these professions. It appears to be a turning point for British publishing, and yet those who have been around for long enough feel a profound sense of disappointment because there have been mentorship schemes and initiatives before, yet the industry has always failed to maintain the diversity it achieves. And where some publishers continue to reach for “schemes” or blame blockages elsewhere in the pipeline, independent publishers have long been weavinginclusivity into their lists without the need for formal targets or traineeships. Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavour for better representation in publishing as a Sisyphean struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalised in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes. In the 1980s she helped to found a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?” Decades later, “What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved withinitiatives.” She believes the struggle for better representation in publishing is no closer to being won. There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communities that systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversityis one of its most stubborn problems. 二、汉译英（中国商用飞机公司文化简介） 我公司是经国务院批准成立，由国家控股的有限责任公司。

⼀级英语笔译测试题及答案 初级笔译证书证明持有⼈能够就⼀般难度的材料进⾏英汉互译，能够胜任⼀般性⽂件或商务等⽅⾯材料的翻译⼯作。

下⾯是店铺分享的⼀级英语笔译测试题，希望能帮到⼤家! 英译汉 Return to print allays bookseller fears of digital apocalypse Five years ago, the book world was seized by collective panic over the uncertain future of print. As readers migrated to new digital devices, e-book sales soared, increasing 1,259 per cent between 2008 and 2010, alarming booksellers that watched consumers use their stores to find titles they would later buy online. Print sales dwindled, bookstores struggled to stay open, and publishers and authors feared that cheaper e-books would cannibalise their business. Then in 2011, the industry's fears were realised when Borders declared bankruptcy. "E-books were this rocket ship going straight up," said Len Vlahos, a former executive director of the Book Industry Study Group, a nonprofit research group that tracks the publishing industry. "Just about everybody you talked to thought we were going the way of digital music." But the digital apocalypse never arrived, or at least not on schedule. While analysts once predicted that e-books would overtake print by 2015, digital sales have instead slowed sharply. Now, there are signs that some e-book adopters are returning to print or becoming hybrid readers who toggle between devices and paper. E-book sales fell by 10 per cent in the first five months of this year, according to the Association of American Publishers, which collects data from nearly 1,200 publishers. Digital books accounted last year for around 20 per cent of the market, roughly the same as a few years ago. E-books' declining popularity may signal that publishing, while not immune to technological upheaval, will weather the tidal wave of digital technology better than other forms of media, like music and television. E-book subscription services, modelled on companies like Netflix and Pandora, have struggled to convert book lovers into digital binge readers, and some have shut down. Sales of dedicated e-reading devices have plunged as consumers migrated to tablets and smartphones. And according to some surveys, young readers who are digital natives still prefer reading on paper. The surprising resilience of print has provided a lift to many booksellers. Independent bookstores, which were battered by the recession and competition from Amazon, are showing strong signs of resurgence. The American Booksellers Association counted 1,712 members with stores in 2,227 locations in 2015, up from 1,410 members with 1,660 locations five years ago. "The fact that the digital side of the business has levelled off has worked to our advantage," said Oren Teicher, chief executive of the American Booksellers Association. "It's resulted in a far healthier independent bookstore market today than we have had in a long time." Publishers, seeking to capitalise on the shift, are pouring money into their print infrastructures and distribution. Hachette added 20,000 square metres to its Indiana warehouse late last year, and Simon & Schuster is expanding its New Jersey distribution facility by 18,000 square metres. Penguin Random House has invested nearly $US100 million in expanding and updating its warehouses and speeding up distribution of its books. It added 34,000 square metres last year to its warehouse in Crawfordsville, Indiana, more than doubling the size of the warehouse. "People talked about the demise of physical books as if it was only a matter of time, but even 50 to 100 years from now, print will be a big chunk of our business," said Markus Dohle, the chief executive of Penguin Random House, which has nearly 250 imprints globally. Print books account for more than 70 per cent of the company's sales in the United States. The company began offering independent booksellers in 2011 two-day guaranteed delivery from November to January, the peak book buying months. Other big publishers, including HarperCollins, have followed suit. The faster deliveries have allowed bookstores to place smaller initial orders and restock as needed, which has reduced returns of unsold books by about 10 per cent. Penguin Random House has also developed a data-driven approach to managing print inventory for some of its largest customers, a strategy modeled on the way manufacturers like Procter & Gamble automatically restock soap and other household goods. The company now tracks more than 10 million sales records a day and sifts through them in order to make recommendations for how many copies of a given title a vendor should order based on previous sales. "It's a very simple thing; only books that are on the shelves can be sold," Dohle said. At BookPeople, a bookstore founded in 1970 in Austin, Texas, sales are up nearly 11 per cent this year over last, making 2015 thestore's most profitable year ever, said Steve Bercu, the co-owner. He credits the growth of his business, in part, to the stabilisation of print and new practices in the publishing industry, such as Penguin Random House's so-called rapid replenishment program to restock books quickly. "The e-book terror has kind of subsided," he said. Other independent booksellers agree that they are witnessing a reverse migration to print. "We've seen people coming back," said Arsen Kashkashian, a book buyer at Boulder Book Store in Boulder, Colorado. "They were reading more on their Kindle and now they're not, or they're reading both ways." Digital books have been around for decades, ever since publishers began experimenting with CD-ROMs, but they did not catch on with consumers until 2008, shortly after Amazon released the Kindle. The Kindle, which was joined by other devices like Kobo's e-reader, the Nook from Barnes & Noble and the iPad, drew millions of book buyers to e-readers, which offered seamless, instant purchases. Publishers saw huge spikes in digital sales during and after the holidays, after people received e-readers as gifts. But those double- and triple-digit growth rates plummeted as e-reading devices fell out of fashion with consumers, replaced by smartphones and tablets. Some 12 million e-readers were sold last year, a steep drop from the nearly 20 million sold in 2011, according to Forrester Research. The portion of people who read books primarily on e-readers fell to 32 per cent in the first quarter of 2015, from 50 per cent in 2012, a Nielsen survey showed. Higher e-book prices may also be driving readers back to paper. As publishers renegotiated new terms with Amazon in the past year and demanded the ability to set their own e-book prices, many have started charging more. With little difference in price between a $US12.99 e-book and a paperback, some consumers may be opting for the print version. On Amazon, the paperback editions of some popular titles, like The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt and All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr, are several dollars cheaper than their digital counterparts. Paperback sales rose by 8.4 per cent in the first five months of this year, the Association of American Publishers reported. Some publishing executives say the world is changing too quickly to declare that the digital tide is waning. "Maybe it's just a pause here," said Carolyn Reidy, the president and chief executive of Simon & Schuster. "Will the next generation want to read books on their smartphones, and will we see another burst come?" 汉译英： 中信银⾏成⽴于1987年，是中国改⾰开放中最早成⽴的新兴商业银⾏之⼀，是中国最早参与国内外⾦融市场融资的.商业银⾏，并以屡创中国现代⾦融史上多个第⼀⽽蜚声海内外，为中国经济建设做出了积极的贡献。

一级英语笔译试题及答案英语笔译考试的各个证书是相对独立的，通过任何一个证书考试都可获得相应的证书。

下面是店铺分享的一级考试试题，希望能帮到大家!原文：Conventional business wisdom is big on perfection. We are constantly exhorted to give 100 per cent –or even a mathematically impossible 110 per cent. But is this really the absolute virtue it is held up to be? Or is there a case to be made for doing a ―good enough‖ job most of the time?There are two well-known rules that suggest the latter is valid. The first is the Pareto Principle (or the 80-20 rule), which states that 80 per cent of consequences stem from 20 per cent of causes. The second is the law of diminishing returns, which suggests that, as you near 100 per cent, you expend proportionally more effort on the remaining work.Graham Allcott, author of How to be a Productivity Ninja, says that people often look at tasks the wrong way – they focus on the detail of what they are doing, rather than the impact it has. ―It is actually far more practical to t hink in terms of the 80-20 rule and focus ruthlessly on doing things that have the greatest impact.‖He also recommends that you delegate the mundane parts of tasks that anyone can do.However, many people find this difficult because they are wedded to the idea ofdelivering their very best. As business psychologist Karen Moloney says: ―Perfection is how they define themselves and to let anything out of their hands that isn’t 100 per cent goesagainst their sense of professional pride.‖ She says the trick i s to remember it is about delivering what the business needs, not what you want to give.People who are natural perfectionists tend to see not giving 100 per cent as a failing. But you can reframe this by telling yourself that knowing which tasks do not need 100 per cent demonstrates good judgment.Holding on to a task or project by forever adding that extra 1 per cent can sometimes be driven by a fear of being judged on the end result. It is therefore worth reminding yourself of the Steve Jobs quote: ―Real artists ship.‖One way to avoid running up against the law of diminishing returns is to set yourself deadlines. But rather than set fake deadlines that you know can be moved, Mr Allcott recommends making yourself accountable to someone else. That way, you will shift from ―I could deliver any time next week‖ to ―I’ll look bad in front of my boss if I don’t deliver by Tuesday‖.Perhaps the most difficult thing to deal with, however, is not your own desire to give 100 per cent but your boss’s desire to see you give 100 per cent . Again, says Ms Moloney, you need to make it about what you deliver: ―Explain to your boss you can accomplish far more if you don’t dot every I and cross every T.‖2However, some managers’ perfectionism is such that this appeal to reason will not wash. In this case, Mr Allcott advises a more tactical approach: ―Separate tasks into the more visual, obvious things and those that are under the radar that your boss will miss.‖译文：在工作中，人们通常认为，追求完美是项美德。

一级英语笔译试题及答案试题一：英译汉原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work. Innovations such as the internet, smartphones, and artificialintelligence have transformed our daily lives, making them more convenient and efficient.翻译：科技的快速发展已经给我们的生活方式和工作方式带来了重大变化。

诸如互联网、智能手机和人工智能等创新已经改变了我们的日常生活，使它们更加方便和高效。

答案解析：- "rapid development" 翻译为“快速发展”。

- "significant changes" 翻译为“重大变化”。

- "the way we live and work" 翻译为“我们的生活方式和工作方式”。

- "Innovations" 翻译为“创新”。

- "transformed" 翻译为“改变了”。

- "convenient and efficient" 翻译为“方便和高效”。

试题二：汉译英原文：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

掌握一门外语，尤其是英语，对于促进国际间的理解和合作至关重要。

翻译：With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important. Mastering a foreign language, especially English, is crucial for promoting understanding and cooperation between nations.答案解析：- "全球化" 翻译为“globalization”。

全国外语译证书测试英语一级笔译样题第一局部：英译汉Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1You Really Are What You EatEarly in human history, food launched the revolution which introduced social inequality. At first it was a matter of unequal entitlements: some of the earliest known human burials reveal disparities in nourishment. Great heroes of antiquity were heroic eaters, as renowned for their prowess at table as in battle.The next revolution went to the heart of what, to me, global history is all about: long-range exchanges of culture, which happened as the reach of commerce lengthened. Taste is not easily communicable between cultures, yet today we eat high cuisines which call themselves fusion and international.How did it happen? Forces capable of penetrating cultural barriersand internationalising food include war, hunger and imperialism. Cultural magnetism is powerful, too. But no influence equals that of trade, which hovers like a waiter at the table of world food, carrying surprising dishes to unsuspecting diners. Trade in necessarily well travelled productssalt and spiceslong conditioned global politics and determined economic trends. A great leap in the range of world trade in the past 500 years precipitated the next great revolution: an ecological turnaround which made it possible to transplant crops and transfer livestock to newclimates.In the past two centuries, world population growth and urbanisation have driven a last revolution, creating a food deficit which only industrialisation could bridge: intensive production, mechanised processing and supply. Even eating was industrialised as mealtimes shifted and food became faster. The results included cheap food in the developing world which went rapidly from sufficiency to obesity. But in parallel, unindustrialised economies experienced the deadliest famines ever known.In partial response, as population figures leapt upwards, late 20th century agronomy forced the pace of production with high-yield grains, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation. It fed millions who might otherwise have starved. But new solutions usually create new problems: in this case, ecological damage. It is not yet clear whether we have the means to escape from the worlds food problems, or merely the means of multiplying crisis. The next revolution will probably be a revulsion in favour of traditional agriculture, facilitated by a fall in world population.Passage 2In Defence of GlobalizationTo keep my economist union card, I am required every morning when I arise to place my hand on the leather-bound family heirloom copy of Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations and swear a mighty oath of allegiance to globalization. I hereby do asseverate my solemn belief that globalization, taken as a whole, is a positive economic force and well worth defending. I also believe that the economic and social effects of globalization are exaggerated by both its detractors andsupporters.In media coverage of anti-globalization protests, globalization often becomes a catch-all term for capitalism and injustice. (Indeed, for some protestors, referring to capitalism and injustice would be redundant.) But economic globalization in fact describes a specific phenomenon: the growth in flows of trade and financial capital across national borders. The trend has consequences in many areas, including sovereignty, prosperity, jobs, wages, and social legislation. Globalization is too important to be consigned to buzzword status.The degree to which national economies are integrated is not at all obvious. It dependson your choice of perspective. During the last few decades, international flows of goods and financial capital have certainly increased dramatically. One snap measure of globalization is the share of economic production destined for sale in other countries.The global tide of economic growth over the last century has not raised all economic ships. But globalization is an avenue through which high-income nations can reach out to low-income ones. Expecting the poorest people in the world to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, without access to foreign investment, training, technical skills, or markets, verges on indifference or cruelty. Foreign aid has its place, but as a matter of practical politics, it will never arrive in sufficient quantities, nor be spent with sufficient wisdom, to raise overall standards of living dramatically in low-income countries. Only a combination of institutional reforms within low-income countries, coupled with much closer connections to the extraordinary resources and buying power of international markets, offers a realistic chance of substantially improving the plight of the poorest people in the world.Passage 3Debt for Nonproliferation:The Next Step in Threat ReductionDebt restructuring and reduction, whereby the terms of a loan are changed or part of a loanis forgiven, are common tools used by creditorsfor a variety of purposes. Wealthier creditor nations, such as the UnitedStates, often restructure and reduce debt owed by developing nations in order to bring about positive economic change in a debtor country. Similarly, the private financial sector restructures private debt owed by nations when it makes financial sense to do so. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and others have also worked with government and private creditors to use debt reduction to accomplish more philanthropic goals that can benefit both public and private creditors in less tangible ways.Indeed, debt swapsa term used loosely here to denote a creditor forgiving monetary debt in exchange for specific actions by a debtorhave been an effective tool for improving global conditions in a number of ways. The international environmental community, in particular, has been very effective in encouraging and leveraging debt conversion to help meet global environmental objectives since 1984, when the World Wildlife Fund conceived of debt-for-nature swaps. In these exchanges, a portion of a countrys restructured debteither commercial debt or official debt owed another countryis forgiven in return for the debtor dedicating an agreed-upon amount of local currency to an environmental project. Over the last two decades, nearly $1 billion in debt-for-swaps have been implemented.Another important area that would benefit from this relatively new and innovative funding mechanism is nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation prevention. Since 1992,the United States has directly underwritten about $10 billion in threat reduction activities in Russia and the former Soviet Union, but the situation demands even greater investment. Russias financial problems and security needs, which demand the formation of a sustainable Russian infrastructure to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction after direct U.S. assistance stops, both argue for increased involvement by other industrialized nations and the private sector. Debt-for-nonproliferation swaps are potentially powerful tools that could leverage current conditions to reduce further the security threat from Russias weapons infrastructure.第二局部：汉译英Part 2Translation from Chinese into English 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into English.Write your answers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1在中国开展高层论坛开幕式上的致辞中国的开展离不开世界,世界的开展也离不开中国.中国经济的开展与繁荣,将为世界各国提供广阔的市场和合作机遇.在未来的5年里,中国货物市场的开放将为贸易伙伴提供至少一万五千亿美元的市场时机.效劳贸易市场的进一步开放,将为世界各国的投资者提供新的开展领域.中国是守信用、重承诺的国家.在刚刚闭幕的九届全国人大第五次会议上,中国政府明确宣告,要根据参加世界贸易组织的承诺,有步骤地扩大对外开放领域.从今年1月1日起,中国的平均关税水平由15.3%降低到12%,大量的非关税壁垒已经取消,已经有相当数量的外国银行、保险公司、专业效劳机构和流通企业获得批准,在中国开展业务.求和平、谋开展是全世界各国人民的共同愿望.中国是开展中国家,还要经过几十年时间的艰苦努力才能根本实现现代化. 参加世界贸易组织有利于中国经济的开展.中国在国际经济技术合作与交流中一贯奉行平等互利原那么.中国的开展必将为世界经济的繁荣与稳定作出更大的奉献,而绝不会对其他国家和地区构成威胁. 无论现在还是将来,中国始终是维护世界和平和促进共同开展的重要力量.Passage 2方便与不便建设便捷与通畅的现代化交通体系, 除了硬件设施、治理水平外, 还有一个方面更值得重视：那就是我们的行为习惯.违反交通规那么,可算是一个普遍现象,说起来几乎人人有份.虽然我们常说遵守交通法规,但很多人并没有把违反交通规那么视为违法之举.去年北京市电子警察记录机动车违章58万车次,执法总数1400 万人次,这个被记录下来的数字,相信只是一小局部.虽然人行天桥、地下通道越来越多,但随意过马路,仍是大多数人不假思索的随机行为.为求方便而带来不便,是显而易见的.据统计,在路面效率的损失中,各种违规行为带来的影响是30%多.个人的方便,带来了整体的不便,而整体的效率低下带来的不便,最终还要分解到每个人的身上.方便与不便是一对矛盾,对于我们每个人来说,方便与不便包含了个体与整体、眼前与长远、他人与自己等种种关系,熟悉到这一点, 我们约束自己的行为、遵守交通规那么,就有了一个良好的出发点.Passage 3承办历史上最出色的一届奥运会为了把北京2021年奥运会办成历史上最出色的一届奥运会, 我们的任务是：通过13亿人民的积极参与,让奥林匹克精神得到最广泛的弘扬和传播；体育设施符合奥运会的各项技术标准, 主体育场及重要场馆建成代表当代一流水平的体育建筑精品；竞赛组织工作科学严谨,高效有序,公平公正,为运发动创造良好的比赛条件；组织治理和市场运作注重创新,并获得良好的经济效益.以奥运工程为载体,加大改革力度,扩大对内对外开放,实行公平准入、公平竞争,根本形成与国际标准接轨的社会主义市场经济的治理体制和治理方式；完善政策法规体系,增强知识产权保护力度；培养和使用高素质人才,学习和借鉴国际先进经营理念和治理经验, 博采中外各家所长.大力提升我国竞技体育科研治理水平,加快建立和培养一支高素质的竞赛组织治理人才队伍,造就一批在科学选才和科学练习方面的优秀研究员和教练员,培养出一批竞技运动的新尖子人才.来源：教育部测试中央。

笔译资格考试题库及答案1. 请将下列句子从英语翻译成中文："The rapid development of technology has changed the way people live and work."答案：技术的快速发展改变了人们的生活和工作方式。

2. 将以下中文句子翻译成英文：“随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始在线购物。

”答案："With the widespread of the Internet, more and more people start shopping online."3. 阅读以下段落，并将其从英文翻译成中文："In recent years, environmental issues have become a global concern. Governments and organizations worldwide are taking measures to reduce pollution and protect the environment. Sustainable development has become a key concept in policy-making."答案：近年来，环境问题已成为全球关注的问题。

全球的政府和组织都在采取措施减少污染和保护环境。

可持续发展已成为政策制定中的关键概念。

4. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：“中国是一个历史悠久的国家，拥有丰富的文化遗产。

长城和故宫是其最著名的历史遗迹之一。

”答案："China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. The Great Wall and the Forbidden City are among its most famous historical sites."5. 请将以下句子从法语翻译成中文："La Chine est un pays aux traditions anciennes et aux richesses culturelles abondantes."答案：中国是一个拥有古老传统和丰富文化财富的国家。