中国政法大学考博英语真题之翻译

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Some plants contain substances that interfere with the digestive processes of animals. 问题1选项A.disruptB.encourageC.augmentD.trigger【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

interfere with表示“干涉，妨碍”；A项disrupt“破坏，瓦解”，B项encourage“鼓励”，C项argument“争论”，D项trigger“引发，触发”。

句意：有些植物含有干扰动物消化过程的物质。

根据句意该题选A。

2.单选题To preserve one’s dignity, the equilibrium between widely divergent impulses has to be maintained.问题1选项A.equalityB.confusionC.distinctionD.poise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

equilibrium表示“平衡，均衡”。

A项equality“平等，相等”，B项confusion“混淆，混乱”，C项distinction“区别，差别”，D项poise“平衡，姿势”；句意：为了维护一个人的尊严，必须保持迥然不同的冲动之间的平衡。

根据句意该题选D。

3.单选题The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is armed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, orapproach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.46. To define science we may simply call it ______.47. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, ______.48. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach ______.49. Which of the following statements does the author imply?50. The best title for the passage is ______.问题1选项A.the study of unrelated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge问题2选项A.may lead to antiscientific, impure resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC.is not always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell问题3选项A.applied scienceB.agricultural scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题4选项A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项A.The Nature of Science and ScientistsB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】46.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States, and the only one specifically created by the Constitution. A decision of the Supreme Court cannot be appealed to any other court. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in only two kinds of cases: those involving foreign dignitaries and those in which a state is a party. All other cases reach the Court on appeal from lower courts. A significant amount of the work of the Supreme Court consists of determining whether legislation or executive acts conform to the Constitution. This power of judicial review is doctrine inferred by the Court from its reading of the Constitution, and forcefully stated in the landmark Marbury vs. Madison case of 1803. The doctrine has also been extended to cover the activities of state and local governments.【答案】参考译文：最高法院是美国的最高法院，也是唯一一个由宪法专门设立的法院。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆。

这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。

问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际后果，而教育的后果何其严重！在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？【答案】参考译文：I have always considered university presidents to be far-sighted decision—makers who conduct academic research and guide main directions of education rather than babysitters who are in charge of students’ daily life. Of course, there is no doubt that such educators have very good intentions. The problem is, when we make judgments on something, what matter are not intentions but the actual consequences. And how serious the consequences of education are! What can you expect the university students who are brought up in an educational system which treat them like babies to do except for seeing them to shed tears in face of an actual hardship problem?2.翻译题An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man, who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. 【答案】参考译文：一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。

中国政法大学考博英语真题核心词汇1.rational,reasonablerational a.理性的，区别于无理性;理智的，区别于感情用事的。

The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。

reasonable a.有道理的，公平合理的，或指人讲道理的。

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That man works very hard,so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

2.refrain,restrain,constrainrefrain v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。

Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教室抽烟。

restrain v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。

constrain v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。

3.respectable,respectful,respective一组形近易混词。

respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名声的。

They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。

中国政法大学考博英语真题词汇汇总oath/n.誓言，誓约;咒骂，诅咒语obedience/n.服从，顺从obedient/a.服从的，顺从的object/n.物体;客体，对象;目的，目标;宾语/v.(to)反对objection/n.(to)反对，异议objective/n.目标，目的 a.客观的，真实的obligation/n.义务，责任oblige/v.迫使;责成;(使)感激，施恩于obscure/a.暗的，朦胧的;模糊的，晦涩的observation/n.观察，观测，监视;[pl.]观察资料或报告，言论obsession/n.着迷，惦念;萦绕于心的事情或人obsolete/a.已废弃的，过时的obstacle/n.障碍，妨碍，干扰obstinate/a.顽固的，固执的obstruct/vt.妨碍，阻挠需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

obstruction/n.妨碍，障碍物obvious/a.明显的，显而易见的occasion/n.场合，时节，时刻;时机，机会occasional/a.偶然的，非经常的，特殊场合的;临时的;不时的occupation/n.占领，占据;占用occupy/v.占，占用;占据，占领occurrence/n.发生，出现;事件，事故，发生的事情odd/a.奇数的，单的;奇怪的，古怪的odds/n.不平等，差异;机会odor/odour/n.气味，臭气，香味offend/v.冒犯，触犯，得罪;使不快，使恼火offense/offence/n.犯罪，犯规，过错;冒犯，触怒offensive/a.冒犯的，攻击的n.攻势，进攻offset/n.分支，补偿v.抵销，补偿offspring/n.子孙，后代;结果，产物omit/v.省略，删去;遗漏，忽略opaque/a.不透明(光)的;难理解的，晦涩的opening/n.口子，孔;开始，开端 a.开始的，开幕的opponent/n.对手，反对者，敌手 a.对立的，对抗的opportunity/n.机会oppose/v.反对，反抗opposite/a.(to)对面的，对立的，相反的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……的对面oppress/v.压迫，压制opt/v.选择optical/a.眼的，视力的;光学的optimum/n.最佳的，最有利的option/n.选择，选择权optional/a.可以任选的，非强制的orbit/v.(使)沿轨道行orderly/a.整齐的，有秩序的，有条理的n.勤务兵orient/n.[the O]东方v.定……的方位oriental/a.东方的original/a.最初的，原始的，原文的;新颖的，有创造性的n.原物，原作，原文originate/v.(in，from)起源，发生;首创，创造ornament/v.装饰，美化/n.装饰，装饰物orthodox/a.传统的，符合社会风俗的;正统的outbreak/n.爆发outcome/n.结果，成果outermost/a.最外层的，远离中心的outfit/n.装备，供给outing/n.短途旅行，远足outlet/n.出路，出口;发泄方法，排遣outline/n.轮廓，略图;大纲，梗概v.概述，略述outlook/n.景色，风光;观点，见解output/n.产量，输出量outrage/n.残忍，暴行;骇然事件outset/n.开始，开端outskirts/n.郊区outstanding/a.突出的，显著的oval/n./a.椭圆形(的)overall/a.全面的，综合的/n.[pl.](套头)工作服，工装裤overcome/v.战胜，克服overestimate/v.估计过高，过高评价overflow/v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出;溢出，流出，漫出overhaul/v.大修，仔细检查/n.大修，仔细检查overhear/v.偶然听到，从旁听到overlap/v.重叠，与……交叠/n.重叠overlook/v.看漏，忽略;俯瞰，眺望;宽容，放任overnight/a.一夜间，一下子;突然/ad.一夜间，一下子;突然overseas/a.外国的，海外的ad.在海外overtake/v.追上，赶过，超过;袭击，压倒overthrow/v.推翻，颠覆/n.推翻，颠覆overtime/a.超时的，加班的ad.加班overturn/vt.推翻，颠覆overview/n.概述，概观overwhelm/v.压倒，制服overwhelming/a.势不可挡的，压倒的owe/v.欠(债)等，应向……付出;得感谢，(to)应归功于owing/a.欠的，未付的ozone/n.臭氧本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北理工05翻译参考答案A. 1．我们不是因为种族和肤色的不同而犯错误，也不是因为性别的不同、年龄的长幼。

我们不是因为我们想犯错误而犯了选择或判断的错误。

我们都会犯错误，因为我们是普通人。

犯错误，做出错误判断和做愚蠢的事都是人类的一部分。

我们不能隐瞒自己是谁，也不能躲避我们所做的。

当我们承认了我们的错误和过失并敢于面对自己的缺点时，没有人会用这些来指责我们。

2．我们首先要对自己负责任。

我们可以帮助别人。

我们不能让我们为别人做的事或别人为我们做的事显得比我们为自己做的事更重要。

当我们发现有些事或有些人给我们的生活带来不想要的东西时，我们必须鼓起勇气和力量去制止他们。

这样做，我们就得到了自我保护了。

B. A few years ago, I got to know a young Chinese. He was very clever but highly self-willed and he was eager to go to USA for college education but failed to get admitted by Ivy &Miami University, which he applied for. Luckily, he received the scholarship from an art college, which is a small-scaled and less well-known university among the well-educated Americans. And this university is rarely known in China. All the Americans who had heard his experience were feeling happy for him. But the young man himself was anxious and confused，for the schools ranked behind and his classmates seldom heard of it and their congratulations are few. was his “success” a failure? Should he have stayed in the top university, which had admitted him in Beijing? Or should he have transferred to an American university that he thought would have admitted him? He was still hesitating when time was up that he had to leave. And he even showed regret to his friends.This was an example showing how harmful the place of the school fame or popularity is to young people. However, it was impossible for young people to what is the best university because everyone has his or her own criteria. Even if all of them may agree with certain criteria, they many still have particular opinions and evaluations of their own, which reflect the incompleteness of the information on the school they may have. Maybe one pays particular attention to the quality of the school’s library, another emphasizes the convenience of using computer, and other people may think it is important for the communication between teachers and students, rather than the quality of the library or computer room. If so, how could it be decided?北理工06翻译参考答案Section A21．每一个人都会有一些感到惭愧的、害怕的或内疚的事情。

中国政法大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析The Englishman has been called a political animal,and he valueswhat is political and practical so much that ideas easily becomeobjects of dislike in his eyes,and thinkers,miscreants,becausepractice is everything,a free play of the mind is nothing.(46)Thenotion of the free play of the mind upon all subjects being a pleasurein itself,being an object of desire,being an essential provider ofelements without which a nation’s spirit,whatever compensations itmay have for them,must in the long run,die of emptiness,hardlyenters into an Englishman’s thoughts.It is noticeable that the wordcuriosity,which in other languages is used in a good sense,to mean,as a high and fine quality of man’s nature,just this disinterestedlove of a free play of the mind on all subjects,for its own sake—itis noticeable,I say,that this word has in our language no sense ofthe kind,no sense but a rather bad and disparaging one.But criticism,real criticism,is essentially the exercise of this very quality.(47)It obeys an instinct prompting it to try to know the best thatis known and thought in the world,irrespectively of practice,Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi politics,andeverything of the kind;and to value knowledge and thought as theyapproach this best,without the intrusion of any other considerationswhatever.(48)This is an instinct for which there is,I think,littleoriginal sympathy in the practical English nature,and what there was of it has undergone a long benumbing period of blight and suppression in the epoch of Romanticism.(49)It is of the last importance that English criticism should clearly discern what rule for its course,in order to avail itself of the field now opening to it,and to produce fruit for the future, it ought to take.The rule may be summed up in oneword-disinterestedness.And how is criticism to show disinterestedness?By keeping aloof from what is called“the practical view of things”;by resolutely following the law of its own nature,which is to be a free play of the mind on all subjects which it touches.(50)By steadily refusing to lend itself to any of those concealed,political,practical considerations about ideas, which plenty of people will be sure to attach to them,but which criticism has really nothing to do with.Its business is,as I have said,simply to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known,to create a current of true and fresh ideas.Its business is to do this with inflexible honesty,with due ability;but its business is to do no more.答案46.对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣，一种愿望，为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素。

中国政法大学考博英语阅读真题解析The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state.The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1the construction of idea__l__states，such as__2__to the Greeks.With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__out painstakingly without reference to__6__states or individuals.The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in__7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts.The first ruler of Rome，Romulus，was__9__to have received authority from the gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome.All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__.Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods.Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass ofthe people concurred.The system grew with enormous__20__，as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.1.[A]with[B]for[C]in[D]to2.[A]tempted[B]attracted[C]appealed[D]transferred3.[A]on[B]for[C]as[D]about4.[A]which[B]that[C]what[D]it5.[A]turned[B]worked[C]brought[D]made6.[A]special[B]specific[C]peculiar[D]particular7.[A]existence[B]store[C]reality[D]mind8.[A]abandoned[B]caught[C]separated[D]involved9.[A]told[B]held[C]suggested[D]advised10.[A]tendency[B]procedure[C]development[D]relation11.[A]authority[B]power[C]control[D]ruling12.[A]officers[B]men[C]administrators[D]fathers13.[A]possessed[B]claimed[C]assured[D]enforced14.[A]confirm[B]confer[C]consult[D]consider15.[A]over[B]along[C]on[D]about16.[A]alternate[B]different[C]varied[D]several17.[A]And[B]So[C]Or[D]But18.[A]state[B]country[C]people[D]national19.[A]as[B]when[C]if[D]so20.[A]dimension[B]complexity[C]exercise[D]function答案1.B2.C3.C4.A5.B6.D7.D8.D9.B10.C11.A12.D13.A14.C15.C16.A17.D18.A19.B20.B总体分析本文介绍了罗马人有关国家建设的理论。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He decided to go ahead with his project ______ what other people said.问题1选项A.regardingB.regardless ofC.regardlessD.regarding of【答案】B【解析】考查词组。

A项regarding“关于，至于”，B项regardless of“不管，不顾”，C项regardless“不管的”，D项regarding of“关于”。

句意：不论其他人怎么说，他都决定继续完成他的计划。

根据句意，正确答案为B。

2.单选题Once our attention has been ensnared, we still need to be sufficiently intrigued to read the story.问题1选项A.detractedB.drawnC.removedD.buffed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

ensnared在句中是“引诱”，A选项detracted“转移”；B选项drawn“吸引”；C选项removed“迁移”；D选项buff“降低，缓冲”。

句意：当我们的注意力被勾起时，我们仍需被激起足够的兴趣去阅读这个故事。

根据句意B项正确。

3.单选题“More haste, less speed” is saying two opposite things.问题1选项A.an eppeB.a questC.a paradoxD.a clue【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

opposite things表示“相反的事情”；A项eppe“击剑运动用的重剑”，B项quest“追求”，C项paradox“悖论，反论”，D项clue“线索”。

句意：“欲速则不达”是两种截然相反的说法。

北理工05翻译A. Translate the following two short paragraphs into Chinese.(10 points)1. We do not make mistakes on the basis of race or color. We don not make them because we are male or female, young or old. We do no make mistakes of choice or judgments because we want to make mistakes. We make them because we are human. Mistakes, bad judgments, the stupid things we do are all a part of being human. We cannot hide from who we are. We should not hide from what we do. When we acknowledge our mistakes or errors and face up to our human shortcomings, no one can use them against us.2. We are first and foremost responsible to and for ourselves. We can help other people. We can assist other people. What we cannot do is make what we do for others or others do for us more important than what we do for ourselves. When we find something or someone creating in our lives something we don not want, we must muster the courage and strength to tell them to stop it. When we do, we preserve our sense of self.B. Translate the following two paragraphs into English.(20 points)几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤合会名牌大学录取。