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第一部分专题一第3讲1．(2016·四川卷)By that time, the panda no longer needed 68.its(it) mother for food.【解析】mother是名词，故其前填形容词性物主代词its。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.its(it) choking smog.【解析】因为smog是名词，所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
3．(2015·广东卷)Now it occurred to 45.him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【解析】It occurs/occurred to sb.that…某人突然想到……，固定句型。
根据从句中his 可知应填him。
4．(2016·浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet her at the door.【解析】由前面的he arrived home…we'd greet判断用him。
【答案】her→him5．(2016·四川卷)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.【解析】由前面的When he came back可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。
【答案】her→his。
考点一名词和冠词考向研究语法填空对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求正确写出其对应的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
对冠词的考查主要是不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法及固定搭配。
短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词，同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。
技法点击(一)名词复数变化规则有些名词的复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成的，它们的不规则构成形式如下：1．单复数同形的名词。
例如：sheep绵羊；deer鹿；aircraft飞行器；Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；means手段；works 工厂；series系列2．自身有特殊变化的名词。
例如：child孩子→children；man男人→men；woman女人→women；tooth牙→teeth；foot脚；英尺→feet；mouse老鼠→mice；criterion标准→criteria；medium传播媒介→media；phenomenon 现象→phenomena3．需要注意的两个问题：(1)one of 后接可数名词的复数形式；(2)在做题时可从名词前的限定词及谓语动词的形式确定是否用名词的复数形式。
(二)转换为名词的判断方法1．根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。
名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾补等。
做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。
2．根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。
名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词、冠词及其他限定词后。
过关检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in tears(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the bravest man in the room.(2018·广东东莞三调)[解析]in tears 表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配，故填tears。
教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑二、知识讲解考点/易错点11.不定冠词a/an的用法(1)表示数量“一个；同一；每一；某一”，意思相当于one，the same，every或a certain。
Rome is not built in a day. (谚)罗马非一日建成。
The children are of an age.这些孩子们年龄一样大。
We have meals three times a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。
A Mr. Li is waiting for you. 一位李先生在等你。
(2)放在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人和物。
A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
(3)用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一种”等。
What a heavy rain! 雨下得真大！(4)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前，或有形容词修饰的季节、日期或星期几前，表泛指。
I'm sure the outing will last long. Please bring a packed lunch.我敢肯定这次郊游时间比较长，请带上自备的午餐。
We had a hot summer last year.我们去年度过了一个酷暑。
(5)序数词前可加不定冠词，表示“另一个”或“又一个”。
Can you give me a second chance?你再给我一次机会好吗？(6)用在一些固定搭配中，如all of a sudden，at a loss，make a living，tell a lie等。
I was at a loss what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
考点/易错点2 定冠词的用法(1)用于彼此都知道所指的人或物时，表示特指。
Do you know the man standing there? 你认得那边站着的那个人吗？(2)和形容词连用，代表一类人或事物。
第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1．填名词的单复数若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
2．填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
3．派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。
[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。
[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析：months 考查名词的数。
第三讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。
形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。
短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。
两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为than，但需特别注意没有than时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)London is one of the 1.________ (large) cities in the world. Its population is 2.________ (small) than Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the 3.________ (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a 4.________ (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say that it was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 5.________ (clean) than it was. To the surprise of many people, it now has some of the 6.________ (good) restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London the 7.________ (exciting) city in Europe. Unfortunately, London is definitely not the 8.________ (expensive) city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.答案：rgest 2.smaller 3.most popular 4.wider 5.cleaner 6.best7.most exciting 8.least expensive(二)快捷技法(一)考点练悟下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。
第三讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。
形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。
短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。
两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为 than ，但需特别注意没有than 时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此时往往用in 或者of 表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。
( 一 ) 考点练悟 ( 用所给词的适当形式填空 )London is one of the 1.________ (large) cities in the world. Its population is2.________ (small) than Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the3.________ (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a4.________ (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say thatit was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 5.________ (clean) than it was.To the surprise of many people, it now has some of the 6.________ (good) restaurantsin Europe too. For some people, this makes London the 7.________ (exciting) cityin Europe. Unfortunately, London is definitely not the 8.________ (expensive) city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.答案： rgest 2.smaller 3.most popular 4.wider 5.cleaner 6.best 7.most exciting 8.least expensive( 二) 快捷技法思考趋向1.填形容词或副词的比较级提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than 时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。
2019年高考二轮复习名词和冠词一、高考回顾1. （2018，全国卷1）A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).【答案】causes【解析】考查名词复数。
一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。
根据句意用复数形式。
故填causes。
2 （2018，全国卷2）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。
句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。
故是特指在过去的25年里。
故填the。
3. （2018，全国卷2 ）This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.【答案】pollution【解析】考查词性转换。
句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。
has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
二、知识清单名词的考点：冠词的考点：三、例题精讲例1 (2018, 全国卷1) During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the【解析】考查冠词。
去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。
2 3 第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分 第一讲名词和冠词 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空) It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，” she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)． 答案：1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes' 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry 10.experience (二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 2
3 1.填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。(如题10) 2.有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1,2,3,7,9) 3.名词前有one of 时用名词复数形式。 4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。 5.不可数名词没有复数形式。(如题8) 2.填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6)
1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。 2.以s或es结尾的名词复数，形式为s'或es'。 3.复合名词中，一般在最后一个词的词尾加's，如her brother-in-law's character。
3.派生为名词 作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。(如题5) (三)重点强化 1．可数名词复数的规则变化： (1)一般情况下在词尾直接加-s (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加-es (4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加-s (5)以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加-s，如pianos, photos；有生命的在词尾加-es，如potatoes, heroes等 (6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加-es。如knife→knives，leaf→leaves (如题3,4)；少数直接加-s，如roof→roofs, gulf→gulfs 2．可数名词复数的不规则变化： (1)单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means (手段), works (工厂), series (系列)等 (2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词： criterion标准→criteria mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena foot脚；英尺→feet medium传播媒介→media child孩子→children 2 3 (一)考点练悟 下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有一处。请找出并改正。 Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In fact, this happens in many place of interest. I have some suggestion to solve this problem. First, make more poster to inform the public of the damage of graffiti (涂鸦). Besides, punishments, such as a fine, are necessary to tourists with such bad behavior. Also, I think it's helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attraction where tourists are permitted to leave messages. I'm sure with our effort, more and more people will become concerned about protecting cultural relics. 答案：第一句：angry→anger 第二句：place→places 第三句：suggestion→suggestions 第四句：poster→posters 第六句：attraction→attractions 第七句：effort→efforts (二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则
1.名词的数与格的错用 根据名词前的修饰成分或者名词本身，判定名词的数与格是否正确。 1.可数名词前由不定冠词a或an修饰，一般用单数形式，由数词、量词修饰一般用复数形式。 2.不可数名词没有复数形式。 3.有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。 4.表示“……的”意义时应用所有格形式。 2.名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用 结合语境分析句子成分，由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。
1.名词一般在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 2.作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。 3.在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。
冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词2 3 类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。
(一)考点练悟(用冠词填空) When I walked down 1.________ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used to look into the windows of 3.______ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windows to get 5.________ small look at the treasures inside. Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6.________ long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7.________ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all 9.________ people around her. She was known to be 10.________ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years. Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities. 答案：1.the 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 9.the 10.a (二)快捷技法 思考趋向——如何确定填冠词 如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。 解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词 1．不定冠词a/an的常考点 (1)表示泛指，相当于“a certain”。(如题3,6,10) (2)表示类指，指某类中的“任何一个”。 (3)表示量指，但数的概念没有one强烈。 (4)表示“每”，相当于per，用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。 (5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。(如题2,6) (6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。(如题5,8)
