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正式进某国企法律部两个月来，几乎什么事都没做，因为我看不懂合同，看不懂其中的法律术语（legalese），也看不懂行业术语（至今也没弄明白什么叫发动机喘振）。
于是被迫开始了人生中学英语学得最认真的两个月。
学都学了，贴一些常用的词汇和句型，供大家参考，也欢迎斧正。
一、关于合同（agreement/contract）的一些动、名词开始commence (commencement) 完成consummate (consummation)终止terminate (termination) 中止suspend (suspension)履行perform (performance), carry out, implement (implementation)拒绝履行repudiate (repudiation)取消cancel (cancellation)撤销rescind (rescission), revoke (revocation)补偿indemnify (indemnity)转让assign (assignment), grant保证warrant (warranty), guarantee (guarantee)Inaction 不作为action 作为其中indemnify是bug：我第一次看到的时候非常纯真地问：“领导领导，我有个愚蠢的问题，为什么不用compensate？”领导哈哈哈大笑三声：“你个土鳖！合同里没见过用compensate的。
”事实是我后来看过的合同里确实没见过compensate。
二、关于一些“人”当事人party, contractor（合同当事人；承包人）买方buyer, vendee（通常用于不动产）卖方seller, vendor（通常用于不动产）债权人creditor 债务人debtor 主债务人principle debtor保证人guarantor 被保证人guarantee出租人lessor 承租人lessee发包人主承包人general contractor 分包人subcontractor转让人grantor, assignor 受让人grantee, assignee许可人licensor 被许可人licensee继承人successor 被继承人deceased，decedent清算人liquidator 破产财产管理人receiver受益人beneficiary代理人、法律事务代理人attorney 事实代理人attorney in fact关联公司affiliate 子公司subsidiary托运人shipper consignor 承运人carrier公证人notary public 仲裁员arbitrator法官、审判员judge 证人testis, witness胜诉当事人prevailing, prevailing party这些“人”基本都是由动词变过来的，多以er/or和ee结尾，相对来说还是比较好记。
Common English Contract Vocabulary1.Parties: The individuals or entities entering into the contract.2.Term: The duration or length of time the contract is valid.3.Consideration: The value exchanged by the parties, often in the form of goods,services, or money.4.Breach: Violation of the terms and conditions of the contract.5.Indemnification: Compensation for damages or losses.6.Confidentiality: Protection of sensitive information shared during the contract.7.Termination: The ending of the contract before the expiration of its term.8.Force Majeure: Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent a party from fulfillingtheir obligations.9.Jurisdiction: The legal authority or control under which the contract falls.10.Arbitration: Resolving disputes outside the court system, usually through aneutral third party.11.Severability: The ability to enforce the remaining provisions of a contract even ifone part is deemed invalid.12.Amendment: Changes made to the original contract after it has been signed.13.Representations and Warranties: Statements made by one party to the otherregarding certain facts or conditions.erning Law: The specific laws that will govern the interpretation andenforcement of the contract.15.Assignment: Transfer of rights or responsibilities from one party to another.16.Liability: Legal responsibility for one’s actions or omissions.17.Remedies: The actions available to parties in case of a breach of contract.18.Confidentiality Agreement: A separate agreement that specifies the protectionof confidential information.19.Consideration: Something of value exchanged by the parties, usually money.20.Counterparty: The other party involved in the contract.These are just a few common terms used in English contract law. Familiarizing yourself with these terms will help you better understand and navigate contract documents and agreements.。
英文合同常用词汇和句型1、开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍）2、过渡条款Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows:参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定：注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。
读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。
在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所，但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。
3、结尾条款：IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明。
注释和说明：（1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”。
（2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”，而非“执行”。
4、favor, “in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种：以某人为受益人、有利于某人5、subject to sth.1) 遵从、遵守：This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No.400.2) 根据（法律、法规、合同）3) 作动词用，意思是“服从于…”，“率属于…”，“使经受…”4) 办理、存在。
合同翻译常用词汇合同翻译常用词汇一、双方的基本信息- 合同签订方：Party A（甲方）和Party B（乙方）- 签约日期：Date of signing- 合同编号：Contract No.- 所在地：Place of signing二、各方身份- Party A（甲方）：[姓名/公司名称]，注册地址：[地址]，法定代表人：[姓名]- 身份证号码/统一社会信用代码：[号码]- Party B（乙方）：[姓名/公司名称]，注册地址：[地址]，法定代表人：[姓名]- 身份证号码/统一社会信用代码：[号码]三、权利与义务- Party A（甲方）的权利与义务：- 向Party B（乙方）支付合同金额；- 向Party B（乙方）提供合同规定的产品或服务；- 向Party B（乙方）提供必要的技术支持和培训；- 结束合同后收回Party B（乙方）使用的所有资料、设备、技术等资源。
- Party B（乙方）的权利与义务：- 向Party A（甲方）提供合同规定的产品或服务；- 保证所提供的产品或服务符合合同规定的质量标准；- 提供必要的技术支持和培训；- 维护所提供产品或服务的知识产权和商业秘密；- 对提供的产品或服务的质量和效果承担相应的责任；- 保管Party A（甲方）交付或提供的设备、技术、资料等资源；- 保密Party A（甲方）交付的技术、资料等资源。
四、履行方式- 履行方式：Party B（乙方）按照合同规定的期限、数量和质量履行合同义务。
- 交货方式：Party B（乙方）应将合同规定的产品或服务送到Party A（甲方）规定的地址。
- 付款方式：Party A（甲方）应按合同规定的时间和方案向Party B（乙方）支付合同金额。
五、期限- 生效日期：Effective date- 履约期限：Term of performance- 保修期限：Warranty period六、违约责任- 违约方应依法承担损害赔偿、违约金等责任；- 合同履行遇到不可抗力等因素，应及时通知对方并寻求协商解决。
工程合同英文词汇1. arties Involved (涉及方)- Emloyer/Client (业主/客户)- Contractor (承包商)- Sucontractor (分包商)- Designer/Engineer (设计师/工程师)- Consultant (顾问)2. roject Scoe (项目范围)- Work Descrition (工作描述)- Secifications (规范)- Drawings (图纸)- Schedule (时间表)- udget/Cost (预算/成本)3. Contract Terms (合同条款)- Contract Duration (合同期限)- Start Date (开始日期)- Comletion Date (完成日期)- Milestones (里程碑)- ayment Terms (付款条款)- Revisions (修订)- Termination (终止)4. Quality and Standards (质量与标准)- Comliance (合规性)- Quality Assurance (质量保证)- Quality Control (质量控制)- Safety Standards (安全标准)- Environmental Standards (环境标准)5. ayment and Finance (付款与财务)- rogress ayments (进度付款)- Retention Money (保留金)- Final ayment (最终付款)- Escrow (托管账户)- Interest (利息)- enalties (罚款)6. Change Orders and Variations (变更令与变更) - Request for Change (变更请求)- Variation Order (变更令)- Additional Costs (额外成本)- Time Extension (时间延长)7. Risk and Insurance (风险与保险)- Risk Management (风险管理)- Liaility (责任)- Insurance Requirements (保险要求)- Warranty Duration (保修期)- Force Majeure (不可抗力)8. Disute Resolution (争议解决)- Negotiation (谈判)- Mediation (调解)- Aritration (仲裁)- Legal roceedings (法律诉讼)9. Governing Law and Jurisdiction (适用法律与管辖权)- Alicale Law (适用法律)- Jurisdiction (管辖权)- Choice of Forum (论坛选择)- International Law (国际法)10. General rovisions (通用条款)- Notices (通知)- Assignment (转让)- Joint Venture (合资企业)- No artnershi (非合伙关系)- Entire Agreement (完整协议)在使用这些词汇时，应确保它们与合同的具体内容和所涉及的法律框架相一致。
Cotract word Whereas （公文，布告用语，常在句首）（公文，布告用语，常在句首） 鉴于，而，却，鉴于，而，却， Whereas the following following incidents incidents incidents have have have occurred…occurred… 鉴于下列事件已经发生。
Some people like fatty meat, whereas others hate it. 一些人喜欢肥肉，而有些人却不喜欢。
欢。
In regard to 关于…In regard to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you. 关于你需要情报的事, 我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你Retain 同keep , Retainer 雇用费，聘用定金，律师费。
Retention 保留金，保留，保持，滞留，扣留Invoice 发票，开发票，发货单，发货清单。
Hereby 因此，以此，由此。
（公文，布告用语）（公文，布告用语）兹，特此，兹，特此，Heretofore adv . 在此以前，到现在为止; Hereto adv 到此为止，关于这个到此为止，关于这个Thereof (=from it ; of it ) 由此，因此，由此，因此， 属于它的，属于它的， 关于它的关于它的．the member state or a part thereof 会员国或其一部分。
会员国或其一部分。
Therefore 因此，为此, 所以，He was ill, and therefore could not come. 他病了, 所以未能来。
Receipt 收条，收据，收条，收据，Default 违约，不履行，违约，不履行，Fail 不及格，失败，fail to 未能未能Insolvent 破产的，无力偿还债务的。
30个英文合同常用词汇与术语Scope of services 服务范围Professional fees 服务费用Invoices/Billing 发票/账单Taxes 税务Intellectual property 知识产权Duties on third party contracts 对第三方合同的义务Service provider and service recipient personnel 服务提供商和服务接收方的人员Records/rights of audit 记录/审计权利Indemnification and limitation of liability 免责赔偿和责任限额Service standards 服务标准Exclusivity 排他性Assignment and sub-letting 转让和分包Performance 义务的履行Change of control 控制权变化Compliance with laws and regulations 遵守法律和法规Severability 可分割性Governing law and jurisdiction 适用法律和管辖机构Entire agreement 完整协议Waiver 弃权Force majeure 不可抗力Third party rights 第三方权利Scope of services 服务范围Conflict resolution procedures 冲突解决程序Confidentiality agreement 保密协议General obligations 基本义务Title, risk, inspection and acceptance 所有权，风险，检验和接受Price and price reviews 价格和价格调整Invoicing and payment 发票和付款Termination 终止Termination of purchase contract 合同的终止。
英语工程合同常用词汇1. arties（合同双方）：指签订合同的两个或多个主体，通常包括Contractor（承包商）和Emloyer（雇主）或Client（客户）。
2. Agreement（协议）：合同的正式名称，是双方同意的条款和条件的总和。
3. Scoe of Work（工作范围）：详细描述工程项目的性质、规模、功能和预期结果的部分。
4. Schedule（进度表）：列出项目的关键里程碑和完成日期的时间表。
5. ayment Terms（付款条款）：规定付款金额、付款方式、付款时间和条件的部分。
6. Warranty and Guarantee（保证和担保）：承包商对工程质量和性能的承诺，以及在特定期限内对可能出现的问题提供修复或更换的承诺。
7. Liquidated Damages（违约金）：如果一方未能履行合同义务，另一方有权索赔的预先约定的赔偿金。
8. Force Majeure（不可抗力）：指因不可预见且不可避免的外部事件导致合同无法履行的情况，如自然灾害、战争等。
9. Termination（终止）：合同在某些情况下可以被提前终止的条款。
10. Disute Resolution（争议解决）：关于如何解决合同执行过程中出现的争议的条款，可能包括Negotiation（协商）、Mediation（调解）、Aritration（仲裁）或Litigation（诉讼）。
11. Insurance（保险）：要求承包商购买的保险类型，如All Risks Insurance（全险）、rofessional Indemnity Insurance（职业责任保险）等，以保护项目免受潜在损失。
12. Change Order（变更令）：在项目执行过程中，由于设计变更、规范调整或其他原因导致的合同范围、成本或时间的变化。
13. Sucontractor（分包商）：由主承包商雇佣来完成特定工作的专业公司或个人。
英文合同合同常用词英文合同合同常用词第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1)当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words）1． Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 which 或what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。
例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the followingconditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：in this。
此中，于此。
例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。
Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。
通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。
例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between_____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand.本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。
Hereof：of this。
关于此点，在本文件中。
Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。
例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to theapplication or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。
Hereto：to this.本文件的。
Thereof：of that.它的，其。
Thereto：to that 与之，向那里。
例句：“Licensed Products” means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed heretotogether with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。
Herewith：with this.与此，附此。
Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed inconnection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validityand enforceability of the remaining provisions contained hereinshall not in any way be affected thereby.如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。
Thereafter: after that，afterwards. 此后例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。
例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。
Therewith：with that.以此；此外。
例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same andagainst and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising thereout or in connection therewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用，不论因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。
Whereby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。
例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to asParty A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enterinto the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below: 本协议由 AA 公司（以下简称甲方）和 BB 公司（以下简称乙方）签订。
双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。
（本句中省略未译）2． WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know AllMen by these presents，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof 用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。
In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证，特立此证。
例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _____ (date) accepted on _____(date).我方于__年__月__日签署本文件，并于__年__月__日接受该文件，特此为证。
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS 条款之后引出具体协议事项。
例句： NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed betweenthe parties hereto as follows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布。
（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_____(bank’s name)having our registered office at______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _____(the Owner’s name)(hereinafter called“the Owner”) in the sum of ____ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank willbind itself, its successors andbetter assignee by these presents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。
本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。
Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文件签署者的自称。
例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance withthe terms and conditions stipulated as follows: 兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。
3． Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，尽管。
