高中英语必修五-unit1课文详解
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⾼中英语必修五-unit1课⽂详解必修五 Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟⼤的科学家steam engine 蒸汽机characteristic n.特征;特性radium n.镭put forward 提出theory n。
理论;学说infect vt.传染;感染infectious adj.传染的cholera n.霍乱scientific adj.科学的examine vt.检查;诊察;考察conclude vt. & vi.结束;结论;议定conclusion n.结论;结束;议定draw a conclusion得出结论analyse vt.分析repeat vi & vt.重复;重做n.defeat vt. N.打败;战胜;使受挫attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加expose vt.(与to连⽤)暴露;揭露;使曝光deadly adj.致命的cure n. vt.治愈;痊愈;治疗outbreak n.爆发;发作(疾病或战争)control vt.& n.控制;⽀配absorb vt.吸收;使专⼼severe adj.严重的;严厉的;严格的;剧烈的valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的clue n.线索;提⽰pump n.泵;抽⽔机pub n.酒馆;酒吧blame vt.责备;谴责;把…归咎于;n.过失;责备immediately adv.⽴即;马上handle n.柄;把⼿; vt.处理germ n.微⽣物;细菌addition n.加;增加;加法in addition也;另外link vt.连接;联系 n.联系;环link…to…将…和…连接或联系起来announce vt.宣布;通告certainty n.确知;确信;确实instruct vt.命令;指⽰;教导virus n.病毒construction n.建设;结构;建筑物apart from 除…之外;此外creative adj.有创造⼒的;独创的co-operative adj.合作的positive adj.积极的;肯定的be strict with对…严格的revolutionary adj.⾰命的calculation n.计算;计算结果lead to通向;导致movement n。
1.必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病,Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
So many thousands of terrified people diedevery time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时,就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战,解决这个问题。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until itscause was found.他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
《unit1 Great Scientists》说课稿各位评委老师,上午好!我是号考生,我今天说课的题目是《unit1 Great Scientists》。
我主要从教材分析、教学方法与策略、教学过程、板书设计等几个步骤向大家详细地讲解我对这节课的安排。
一.说教材1. 教材内容本节课是人教课标版必修5第一单元的第一课时的Reading部分,是该单元的主要内容,它介绍了英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过考察、分析、探究的科学方法,发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。
通过阅读课文,使学生感悟科学家的周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神,使学生了解科学方发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。
2. 教学目标结合单元教学要求和本课特点,充分考虑学生的年龄特点、认知水平,遂将本课的教学目标确定为:知识目标1) Get students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this part.2) Let students learn about some great scientists and their contribution.3) Have students read the passage and know about John Snow and how he defeated “King Cholera”.能力目标1) Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different reading skills.2) Enable students to talk about great scientists and tell their stories.情感目标1) Let students learn from great scientists, stimulate their love and respect for them and develop their moral qualities.2) Develop student’s sense of cooperative learning.3. 教学重点因为本组教材的重点了解项目是“John Snow 破解King Cholera难题”,所以确定本课的教学重点是:1) Let students learn about some great scientists and their contributions.2) Get students to read the passage and know about John Snow and how he defeated “ King Cholera”.3) Have students learn different reading skills.4.教学难点考虑到学生拓展阅读能力,语言输出能力等方面还需进一步努力,所以将本课的教学难点确定为:1) Develop students’ reading ability.2) Enable students to talk about great scientists and tell their stories.3) Let students learn how to organize scientific research.二.说教法和学法1. 教学方法引导学生独立思考,合作学习,进行师生、生生互动的“任务型”教学,设计了许多易于操作的任务型活动。
哥白尼与日心说尼古拉.哥白尼(Copernicus Nicholas),波兰一位伟大的天文学家。
他以惊人的天才和勇气揭开了宇宙的秘密,奠定了近代天文学的基础。
哥白尼以毕生的精力去进行天文研究,创立了《天体运行论》这一“自然科学的独立宣言”。
他的这些成就使他成为了人类科学发展历史上最伟大的革命家之一。
一. 哥白尼生平哥白尼于1473年2月19日出生在波兰西部维斯杜拉河畔托伦城的一个商人家庭。
家里兄妹四个,哥白尼是最小的。
在他10岁时,父亲去世了,舅父卢卡斯承担起了抚育他的重任。
1491年至1495年,哥白尼进入克拉科夫大学学习。
克拉科夫是当时波兰的首都,也是东欧最大的贸易和文化中心,有许多国家的留学生在这里学习。
由于它地处东西欧交通要冲,所以比较早地受到意大利文艺复兴的影响。
因此在这座古老的大学里,新兴的资产阶级人文主义思想和腐朽的封建教会的经院哲学之间展开了激烈的斗争。
哥白尼在先进的人文主义思想的熏陶下,在心灵里埋下了向经院哲学挑战的种子。
在这里,他遇到了对他的一生产生深远影响的数学家和天文学家布鲁楚斯基(Brudzewski)教授。
是这位教授的启蒙教育促使哥白尼决定将自己的一生奉献给天文科学。
1496年哥白尼前往意大利求学,先后进入博洛尼亚大学、帕多瓦大学和费拉拉大学学习和研究法律、天文学、数学、神学和医学,他同时还学会了希腊文。
1503年,哥白尼获得了教会法规博士学位。
1497年,哥白尼就任瓦尔半米亚牧师的僧正。
1510年后,他先后从事过管理、外交等工作。
他是一个杰出的经济学家,写过《货币的一般理论》一书。
他是近代第一个提出劣币淘汰良币理论的经济学家。
哥白尼医术高明,他利用业余时间行医,免费为穷苦人治病,是一位颇有名望的医生,被人们誉为“神医”。
哥白尼还是一位出色的数学家,他的巨著《天体运行论》附录里,发表过他的球面三角论文。
哥白尼也是一位伟大的爱国主义者,当条顿骑士团疯狂侵略波兰时,他挺身而出,起来保卫自己的祖国。
1.必修五Unit1JOHNSNOWDEFEA”rinLondon-soexpert,indeed,th atheattendedQueenVictoriaas·斯诺是伦敦一位着名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhet houghtabouthelpingordinarypThiswasthedeadlydiseaseofits day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病,Neitheritscausenoritscurewas understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗JohnSnowwantedtofacethecha llengeandsolvethisproblem.约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战,解决这个问题。
Heknewthatcholerawouldnev erbecontrolleduntilitseoriesthatpossibly explainedho wcholerakilledpeople.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
Thefirstsuggestedthatcholera multiplied intheair.AcloudofdaThesecondsuggestedthatpeopl e absorbed thisdisease into theirbodies withtheirmeals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。
edthebodyandsoon t5.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthes econdtheorywascorrectbuthen eededevidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但他需要证据。
SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLo年Asthediseasespreadquicklythr oughpoorneighbourhoods,heb egantogatherinformation.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候,约翰·斯诺就开始收集资料。
必修五Unit 1 Great Scie ntists 伟大的科学家I . Vocabularysteam engine 蒸汽机control vt.& n. 控制;支配apart from 除…之外;此外characteristic n. 特征;特性absorb vt. 吸收;使专心creative adj. 有创造力的;独创radium n.镭severe adj. 严重的;严厉的;严的put forward 提出格的;剧烈的co-operative adj. 合作的theory n 。
理论;学说valuable adj. 贵重的;有价值的positive adj. 积极的;肯定的infect vt. 传染;感染clue n. 线索;提示be strict with 对…严格的infectious adj. 传染的pump n.泵;抽水机revolutionary adj. 革命的cholera n. 霍舌L pub n.酒馆;酒吧calculation n. 计算;计算结果scientific adj. 科学的blame vt.责备;谴责;把…归咎于;lead to 通向;导致examine vt. 检查;诊察;考察n.过失;责备movement n。
移动;运动;动作conclude vt. & vi. 结束;结论;议immediately adv. 立即;马上make sense有意义定handle n.柄;把手;vt.处理backward adv. & adj.向后地conclusion n. 结论;结束;议定germ n.微生物;细菌(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)draw a conclusion 得出结论addition n. 加;增加;加法loop n.圈;环analyse vt. 分析in addition 也;另外complete adj. 完整的;完成的repeat vi & vt.重复;重做n. link vt. 连接;联系n.联系;环privately adv. 私下地;秘密地defeat vt. N.打败;战胜;使受link …to…将…和…连接或联系起spin vi. &vt.(使)旋转;纺(线)挫来brightness n. 明亮;亮度;聪颖attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参announce vt. 宣布;通告enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心加certainty n. 确知;确信;确实的expose vt.(与to连用)暴露;揭露;instruct vt. 命令;指示;教导cautious adj. 小心的;谨慎的使曝光virus n. 病毒reject vt. 拒绝;不接受;丢弃deadly adj.致命的construction n.建设;结构;建筑point of view 态度;观点;看法cure n. vt. 治愈;痊愈;治疗物logical adj.和逻辑的;合乎常理的n.爆发;发作(疾病或战争)II . Reading JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “ KING CHOLERAJoh n Snow was a well-k nown doctor in London —so famous,in deed, that he atte nded Quee n Victoria to ease the birth of herbabies.约翰斯诺在伦敦是一位著名的医生,的确,如此出名以致于由他护理维多利亚女王生孩子。
【注释:attend v.出席;到场;注意;照看attend to 处理;注意倾听;专心于;照料;attend school/ class/ church/ a wedding/ a meeting/ a lecture/ a movie; attend on/ upon sb.伺候某人;照顾某人;eg. 1) I' ll attend to the matter. 我来处理此事。
2) He was very tiredafter the long run, andexpected someboday to attend on him. 长袍之后他感到非常疲劳,很想有个人来照顾自己一下。
▲辨析:attend, join, join in, take part in ⑴attend 是正式用语,一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等;(2)join指加入某党派、某组织、某社会团体以及参军等,如:He joined the football club two years ago. (3)j o i n i n通常指参加某种活动,尤其指其他人一起参加某项活动,如:I hope you ' ll all join in the discussion. (4)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往参加者持有积极地态度,并起到一定的作用,有时可与joinin 互换,如:Will you take part in the English evening 试题:----- W ho is _______ the patient ----- M aybe his sister.A. taking careB. looking forC. joining inD. atte nding on霍乱如何让人丧生的两种理论感兴趣。
【注释:explaining how cholera killed people是现在分词作定cholera.但当他想到要帮助受霍乱侵扰的普通民众,他就感到受到激励(或感受到神灵的召唤)。
【注释:① in spire ⑴ 影响或触动: eg. The falling leaves inspired her with sadness. 落叶触动了她的伤感.(2) 鼓励;激励 eg. 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望 2) I was inspired to workharder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
②expose to 使易受;使受 eg.exposed themselves to disease 使他们受至U 疾病的影响; exposed their children to classical music.使他们的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响。
考题:1. As we all know , women do not __________ their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries. A . cover B . keep C . expose D . protect2. The more one is ________ t he English - speaking environment , the better he or she will learn the language.A . exposed toB . filled inC . caught onD . kept up3 . The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that ___ to strong sunlight may be harmful to the skin.A . contributing B. exposing C . contributedD being exposed 】This was the most deadly disease of its day. 这在当时是最为致命的疾病。
【注释:deadly adj.致命的;死一般的;绝对的;完全的女口: deadly weapons 致命武器;a deadly pallor.死人般的苍白;deadly enemies. 不共戴天的仇敌;:deadly concentration.绝对专心】 Neither its cause, nor its ____cure was understood. 其原因及治疗方法都不为人知道。
【注释:neither 和相关连词nor 连用,连接并列主语(1 )、并列谓语(2)、并列宾语(3) eg. (1) Neither we nor they want it. 我们和他们都不要它。
(2) She neither called nor wrote. 她既没打电话也没写信来。
(3) I got neither thegift nor the card.我既没得到礼物,也没得到贺卡。
考题:(2008 辽)1. Bill wasn 't happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and .A . I was neither B. n either was IC . I was either D.either was I2. If Joe ' s wife won 't go to the partyA . he will eitherB . neither willhe C . he neither 、will D . either he will 】 So many thousands of terrified people diedevery time there was an outbreak.所以每当这种疾病爆发的时候,就有数以千计的感到恐惧的人死掉。
【注释:every time 这是由名词词组充当 连词,引导时间状语从句,类似这种用法的名词短语有:不定代词+time,女口: any time; each time; 介词 +time 如: by the time …; 序数词 +time, 如: the first/last time …;the + 瞬间名词,女如: the minute, the moment, the instant “一…就…” ;the +时间名词, 女口: the day, the night, the month, the time …eg. 1) She demandssweets from me every time/each time she sees me. 2) The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 3) The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded. 4) I ' ll give him your message the minute/ the moment/ the instant he arrives. 5) He bought acomputer the day/ the time he got his salary.考题:1. Don ' t stop _______you meet with a word you don ' t understand. A . at the timeB . each timeC . by the timeD . Sometimes2. _______ you talk with someone or write a messageJoh n Snow wan ted to use his kno wledge to help solve this problem. ________ 约翰斯诺想用他的知识来帮助解决这个问题。