2019考研英语语法解析：并列句的省略现象_毙考题

一省略结构1. 并列结构中的省略(1) 在并列句中，后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分。

I think you’ll win the race; indeed we all think so. (so 代替you’ll win the race)(2)and 的省略要学会It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in 30-minute surgical procedure. (2003, text4)据说，在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加州死亡是可以选择的。

这种说法并不奇怪。

在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的寿命几乎增长了一倍。

髋骨坏了可以换，临床忧郁得到了控制，白内障通过30分钟的手术便可以切除。

As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationship, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. (1995, text3)随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

英语语法中并列句中的省略介绍编者按：在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省去，以免重省。

下面小编就来带你一起学习下并列句中的省略，希望对大家有帮助。

在语言的实际应用中，有时上下文或者当时的语境能帮助我们理解文章的内容，所以往往可以省去一个或者更多的句子成分。

并列句中的省略1在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省去，以免重省。

例如：She is nurse and he a doctor.她是护士，他是医生。

My brother likes sports and I music.我兄弟喜欢体育，我喜欢音乐。

She will go to London and he to New York.她将去伦敦，而他去纽约。

2有时由于上下看得很明白，后一句分句中的有些词语也可省去They tried their best but (they tried) in vain.他们尽了力，但是白费劲。

She spoke Japanese and (she spoke) very fluently atthe beginning.她说了日语，而且开始时还很流利。

(Give me)One more chance and I’ll surely succeed.再给一个机会，我一定会成功。

补充并列句中的省略：1.若并列从句中的左右两个分句主语虽然不同，但是两个分句有相同的be动词，则可以省略连词和后一个分局的be动词。

例如：Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.→Failing hips can be replaced,(省略and)clinical depression(省略can be)controlled,(省略and)cataracts(省略can be) removedin a 30-minute surgical procedure.髋骨坏了可以更换，临床的忧郁症可以得到控制，白内障仅用30分钟手术就能治好。

并列句的省略连词后的省略：1.一句话只要有省略就一定是省略在连词后。

2.连词后面有的成分连词前面通常（如果连词后面只有一个成分，前面一定会找到对应成分；如果连词后有两个以上的成分，不一定每个成分都能找到对应内容，但至少有一个对应）有。

3.连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的内容。

I was beaten and you.分析长难句的步骤：分析长难句的第一步：找动词。

如果一句话中有几个动词，就找这句话的主句的谓语动词。

分析长难句的第二步：找连词（连接两个词性相同的单词的时候除外，如：n.+and+n.）。

分析长难句的第三步：找定语。

分析长难句的第四步：找状语。

1.Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and (this requires) hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.2.The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, (are more likely to be) sought out as friends, and (are more likely to be) pursued romantically.3. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and (There will be) cars with pollution monitors that willdisable them（指代） when they offend.There will be ——我们将会有代词指代题的做题方法：就近原则，一致原则。

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2019考研英语语法重点之并列句
语法是考研英语的基础，基础语法体系一定要弄懂，特别强调的是重点语法要熟练掌握。

小编解读考研英语语法重点之并列句，我们一起来学习下：
一、并列句
并列句的结构要从后面往前找。

例如:I like apples from Japan and bananas.
and 可以连接两个并列的词语、短语、句子成分、从句以及句子。

1. 有and 就肯定有并列。

有并列就一定要弄清楚并列的成分。

2. and 有并列。

但并列在考研中有几十种情况。

要根据每一种不同的并列进行不同的处理。

3. 有and 的并列就要从and 的后面往前找，而不是从前面往后找。

二、定语后置
She is a beautiful girl.
一个形容词定语就相当于一个of引导的名词作后置定语。

上句可写成She is a girl of beauty.
考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班。

LECTURE 13省略结构本堂目标 熟悉识别各种各种省略结构，了解各种情况下的结构现象，完整理解含有省略结构的长难句。

基础预习一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分会被省略掉，这样的句子可以称为省略句。

省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言的简洁。

一、单句中的省略二、并列句中的省略并列结构中，尤其当后一个分句出现and, but, neither, either, nor, so, too 时，后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省去。

【例】(08-翻译)三、不定式符号to 后面的省略重点讲解一、宾语从句中的省略当宾语从句由which, when, where, why 以及how 等疑问词引导时，只保留wh-疑问词，省略其余部分。

【例】由whenever, whatever, wherever, however, no matter how/what/when/where 及whether …nor 等引导的状语从句，也常常省略句中某些成分。

【例】(06-Text 1)【补充拓展】【例】（07-翻译）当遇到“when (或if ，where ，wherever，whenever ，as soon as ，as fast as ，than 等)+possible/necessary 等”时，可理解中间省略了it is (或was)。

【例】课堂练习难句分析1. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. (09-Text 2)2. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. (09-翻译)3. If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. (08-Part B)4. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (08-翻译)5. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. (06-Text 4)6． Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn ’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (05-Text 2)7. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. (99-Passage 1)8. But long-term difficulties such as unemployment, serious illness in family or big emotional changes, not readily resolved, can cause insomnia that is so ingrained that it persists even after the crisis is over.9. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.10. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.课堂讲评1. 【分析】复合句。

浅谈英语中的省略现象一、引言在英语中,有时为了行文方便或者对话简洁,可以在不影响句子意思的情况下选择性地省略句子中的部分内容或句子结构,这种现象叫省略现象.省略现象多数出现在对话中,包括语法上的省略和习惯中的省略,其特点是虽然省去了句子中的部分成分,但是还是可以完整地表达意义.本文将从语法角度和行文习惯方面对英语中常见的省略现象进行讨论.二、在并列中的省略现象在英语并列句中,省略是一种较为常见的语法现象.在并列句中,如果后边的分句和前面的分句中有相同的成分,则可以省略该成分.如:David likes eating hamburgers and (David likes) drinking cola.Lily was born in 1974 and her husband (was born) in 1970.三、主从结构中的省略现象1.在主句中的省略现象(1)主句中的省略多见于句首,多用于口语中.例如:(It is/was) A pity you couldn’t come.(I’m) So sorry to hear that.(2)有时在对话中为了避免重复,可将整个主句省去,直接用从属分句回答.A: When shall we go?B: As soon as I finish my work.A: Do you like the bag?B: Yes, except the size.2.状语从句中的省略现象(1)时间状语从句中的省略When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.Don’t come in until (you are) a sked to.(2)让步状语从句中的省略He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) really annoying.I won’t go to such silly concerts even if (I am) invited to.(3)方式状语从句中的省略He cried out as if (he was) beat up heavily by his father.He took out his wallet as if (he wanted) to pay for the bill.(4)比较状语从句中的省略She can figure the math problem out as quickly as you (can).The result he showed us is much better than (it was) expected.3.定语从句中的省略现象(1)”that”在定语从句中作表语时可以省略,例如:That is all (that) I want to tell you.(2)”that”在从句中作补语时可以省略,例如:I’m not the little boy (that you thought any more.This is the best place (that) I can think of to celebrate her birthday.(3)作状语时的省略可分以下几种情况:①当先行词是”reason”,并且当它作原因状语时,可以省略关系副词.例如: The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.That is the reason (why/that) I didn’t call him.②当先行词是”way”,并且当它作方式状语时,可以省略关联词.例如:The way (in which/ that) he uses this machine is wrong.③当先行词是”time”时,也可以省略关联词”when”或者”that”.例如:The first time (that/when) I met him was in 2005.I don’t know the exact time (when/ that) the party will begin.④当先行词是”place”时,可以省略关联词”where”或”that”.例如:The place (where/ that) we will have our picnic is far away from our school.This is the right place (where/ that) he was born.(4)定语从句的关系代词”that /which /who”后面如有”be动词”,可以省略关系代词及”be动词”,例如:The girl (who is) standing over there is Mary.The beautiful concert hall (which was) built in 1980 was destroyed by the earthquake.4．宾语从句中的省略(1)在及物动词后面的宾语从句中,一般可以省略连词”that”;但如果及物动词后面是由”that”引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只能省略第一个”that”.如:Our headmaster told us (that) Mr. Smith would retire soon and that we would have a new math teacher.(2)由”which,when,where,how,why”引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略.如:I know that Sandra is going to leave China, but I don’t know when (she will leave China).He wants to go to Tibet, but his parents don’t know why (he wants to go to Tibet).5．在与”suggest,request,order,advise”等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式”should +动词原形”,这里的”should”可以省略.如:My teacher suggested that I (should) use the Internet to find more information.四、几种特殊情况下的省略1.在口语中的省略现象在英语口语中,为了对话的简洁,在不影响理解的情况下有时可以将句子中的一些可以简化的部分省略掉.如:(Are you there? )→You there?(Are you ready to go?)→Ready to go?(Did you finish your homework yet?)→Finish your homework yet?在日常口语中, 人们甚至会将”Where do you want to go?”等这样的句子简化为”Where you want to go?”或者”Where to go?”等.2.在英语新闻标题中,新闻标题的表达方法与人们通常见到的语法不同,叫做”headlines”,其与日常所使用的英语的不同体现在以下方面:(1)冠词基本省略Deadly Pakistan Avalanche Renews Calls for Glacier’s Demilitarization.(The Deadly Pakistan Avalanche Renews Calls for Glacier’s De militarization)(2)连系动词通常省略North Korea Ready for Rocket Launch(North Korea is ready for Rocket Launch)(3)助动词通常省略Shenzhou-9 Spacecraft Delivered to Launch Center(Shenzhou-9 Spacecraft was Delivered to Launch Center )H5N1 virus found on bird body in Hong Kong(H5N1 virus was found on bird body in Hong Kong)(4)连词通常省略并用逗号代替China, Japan, ROK vow to ease launch tensions(China, Japan and ROK vow to ease launch tensions)五、结语在英语中,可以省略的部分有很多,包括主语宾语等均可以在不影响理解的情况下省略.省略主要出现在对话中,其作用是为了使对话更加简洁,这是英语的一种习惯用法.如何熟练运用省略使在交流中更为简洁是语言学习的难点,值得我们进一步深入探讨.参考文献:[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009.[2]许建平.词语省略,言简意赅[J].大学英语,2006(10).[3]张向阳.实用大学英语语法教程最新精编版[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.[4]黄超霞.浅谈英语语境试题中的省略现象[J].试题与研究:教学论坛,2011(15).[5]陈怡.影视语料与当代英语口语解析[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009.[6]刘龙根,李书民.高级英语学习语法[M].长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2008.。

2019考研英语语法解析：省略号的用法_毙考题时间真的过得太快，转眼已是4月中旬，想要2019考研的同学们不要觉得时间还早，从今天开始，不，是从现在开始，学科基础要抓好。

下面是毙考题小编为大家总结的2019考研英语语法解析的内容，希望能帮到大家。

2019考研英语语法解析：省略号的用法一、英文中省略号的形式从形式上来看，汉语省略号和英语省略号是不同的。

首先，汉语中的省略号是六个点，而且垂直居中( );英语省略号则是三个点，垂直居下( )。

其次，英语省略号须与正文中间空一格，如果出现在句尾，则一般还要再加上表示句子结束的标点，一般是句点。

二、英文中省略号的意义英文省略号和汉语省略号一样，都是表示省略，这是它的基本含义。

但同样是表省略，却又根据具体语境的不同而呈现不同的含义。

一般有以下几种：1、表示罗列例句：The dinner yesterday is very rich, Peter s mom prepared the fried chicken, pizza, muffins, beer, fruit juice...译文：昨天的晚餐非常丰盛，彼得的妈妈准备了炸鸡、披萨、玛芬、啤酒、果汁2.、表示迟疑例句：I m ... sorry everyone..., I have no ... Complete ... the task.译文：我对不起大家，我没有完成任务。

解析：因为内心愧疚而说话迟疑。

3、表示疑问例句：But, she is ? he asked, hoping it s not a rude question.译文：但是，她是谁? 他忍不住问道，希望这不是一个不礼貌的问题。

4、表示思考例句：I am considering whether to accept his proposal ... Yes, I will.译文：我正在考虑是否接受他的建议是的，我会的。

5、表示强调例句：More slowly than ever, I said: Every time is the first time.译文：我以前所未有的慢语速说道：每一次都是第一次。

2019考研英语语法解析：平行并列结构2019考研英语语法解析：平行并列结构一、平行结构的基本原则在许多英语句式中，平行结构是延长英文句子的重要因素之一。

像简单的并列连词and, or, but等就有这种类型的含义，它们要求在结构和功能上保持一致。

因此运用平行结构的基本原则就是以同类语法形式来表达同类概念，用来表达强调与其、节约用词的修辞效果。

真题上的例子有许多：For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. (2011-T1)该句就是由not only but also连接两个with短语，构成的平行结构。

再来一句Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. 该句中也存在两个that引导的宾语从句。

如今，Entergy公司突然发出声明：根据2006年的法规，2002年的协议无效，而且只有联邦政府对核问题具有监管权。

二、构成并列结构的连接词最熟悉的莫过于and了，但是不仅仅只有and, 表示同等关系中的besides副词连接词也是常见。

2019考研英语语法：并列句常见三种省略现象以下三种情况是为大家总结的并列句中常见的省略现象：1、如果并列句中的左右两个分句虽然主语不同，但是两个分句有相同的be动词，那么能够省略连词和后一个分句的be动词。

例句：Its scientists were the world’s best, (省略 and) its workers (省略 were) the most skilled.译文：它的科学家是世界上的，它的工人是世界上最熟练的。

例句：Failing hips can be replaced, (省略 and) clinical depression (省略 can be) controlled, (省略 and) cataracts (省略 can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical pr ocedure.译文：髋骨坏了能够换，临床忧郁症能够得到控制，白内障仅用30分钟的手术就能治好。

例句：It is said that in England death is pressing, (省略and) in Canada (省略 death is) inevitable and in California (省略 death is) optional.译文：据说，在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，而在加利福尼亚死亡则是能够选择的。

2、如果并列句中左右两个分句出现重复的部分，那么后一个分句能够省略重复的部分，但是没有重复的部分要保留。

例句：Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know (省略 that smoking would kill us) for sure?译文：你还记得那些年科学家说吸烟会致命，但怀疑者坚持说我们并不确定吸烟是否真的会致命吗?3、在并列句中后边的分句能够省略与前边分句中相同的成分。