2020高考英语一轮复习 板块3 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词 第2讲 冠词和介词教学案 新人教版

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第2讲冠词和介词[全国卷考情分析]考点一不定冠词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·日照联考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is outstanding and old­fashioned museum.an[考查冠词。

根据句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词;又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头,故用冠词an。

]2.(2019·湖南长郡中学检测)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.a[考查冠词。

空后的banquet为可数名词,表示泛指,且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。

]3.(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area made up of the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the Tianzishan mountain ranges, Baofenghu and the Suoxi Valley is very popular filming and tourist destination.a[考查冠词。

destination为可数名词,且在此表示泛指,故填a。

]4.(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次考试)As you know, science playsvery important role in our education.a[考查冠词。

play an important role in...为固定搭配,意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”,因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very,故填冠词a。

] Ⅱ.单句改错5.(2019·曲阜师大附中二模)That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2019.winter前加a[在描述“一个……样的……”的时候,通常会在形容词前面加上不定冠词,此处意为“2019年的一个冬天的清晨”。

][要点解读]不定冠词用于表示泛指,一般修饰单数可数名词,有a和an两种形式。

当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素时,用不定冠词a;当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素时,用不定冠词an。

1.不定冠词的基本用法(1)用在可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。

It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。

(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”,相当于a certain。

—Excuse me,would you please give the iPad to John?——打扰一下,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗?—Sorry,but I don't think there's a John in our class.——对不起,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。

(3)用在“be+of+a/an+名词”结构中,表示“同一,相同”时,相当于of the same +名词。

The two plants look different,but they are of a kind (=of the same kind).这两种植物看上去不同,但属于同一类。

2.不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。

First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get a second chance to make a first impression.最初的印象最持久。

毕竟,你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。

(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词:success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。

Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。

(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。

have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”;have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。

If you don't have a good knowledge of English,it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语,那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢!3.用于固定搭配中all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措;困惑pay a visit to参观;拜访be/go on a diet节食give sb. a lift让某人搭便车make a fool of 愚弄in a hurry匆忙地make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费once in a while偶尔keep an eye on 留意;留神have a gift for在……方面有天赋have a word with与……谈话in a way从某种意义上说as a result/consequence 因此Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·惠州第二次调研)Being world's most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China.the[考查冠词。

此处表示“它成为世界上最受欢迎的网络对战游戏,在中国已经拥有超过两亿的玩家”。

形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。

]2.(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou is also qualified as hometown of Chinese beef noodle.the[考查冠词。

句意:兰州也被认为是中国牛肉面的故乡。

此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。

]3.(2019·济宁二模)Bras explained that he is sick of pressure of trying to keep his stars.the[考查冠词。

根据空后内容可知,此处的名词pressure表示特指,故用定冠词the 修饰。

]4.(2019·重庆第一次调研)Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of most unusual national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui.the[考查冠词。

此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”,这里是用形容词的最高级修饰national parks,故该空填the。

]Ⅱ.单句改错5.(2019·福州十三中期中)I have been staying here for three weeks, and three weeks has been really tough.在第二个three前加the[特指刚刚提到的这三周时间。

]6.(2019·洛阳统一考试)I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.a→the[tell the truth为固定词组搭配,符合语境,故用定冠词the。

][要点解读]1.定冠词的基本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物,或特指的人或物的名词前。

I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。

(2)用于某些形容词或分词前,表示一类人。

We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。

(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only,very,same前,以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。

As is known to all,the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

This book is the better one of the two.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。

计算”。

但size,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。

He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore,that is,by the kilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖,也就是说是按公斤来卖的。

(5)用于“动词(hit,strike,pull,take等)+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构中,其中的the不可用物主代词代替。

hit sb.on the head 打某人的头pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face打某人的脸2.用于固定搭配中at the moment 此刻,目前by the way顺便说一下in the way 阻碍;挡路in the distance在远处not in the least 一点也不the other day 几天之前on the contrary与此相反;恰恰相反on the other hand另一方面to the point中肯;切题 take the place of 代替go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in the habit of有……的习惯make the most/best of 充分利用to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话for the time being 暂时单句改错1.(2019·河北邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.去掉the[lose weight 意为“减肥”,为固定短语,故将the去掉。