定语从句when和where的区分
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阳光家教网家教学习资料定语从句中关系代词that 和which与关系副词
when/ where/ why 的确认
(参见课件relative clause)
关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语而关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语,地点状语和原因状语。
例如:
1)This is the house where we once lived.
Where相当于in the house 做地点状语
This is the house which/ that they built last year.
which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语
2)I’ll never forget the days when we stayed in Beijing.
When相当于on the days 做时间状语
I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.
Which指代the days 做spent的宾语
3)That is the reason why she told a lie.
Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语
That is the reason which was told by the boy.
Which 指代the reason 做主语
注意:
确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法:看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语,如果缺少用which/ that;如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.。
w hen,where,why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
// Next month,when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。
// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居,在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如:I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。
在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法when, where, why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。
// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居,在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如: I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。
在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句?when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时,用when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时,用where引导定语从句。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时,用why引导定语从句。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意:当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。
The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词?把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词,这时是两者兼顾。
关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句1,基本用法定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when, where与why来引导,它们的区别是:when用于指时间,where用于指地点,why用于指原因。
when, where, why 在定语从句中均用作状语。
如:1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。
This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。
This is the town where I was /SPAN>These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
2. 先行词问题关系副词when和where的.先行词是表示时间(如the day, the days, the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是whythe reason(s)。
另外,when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
3. 一点注意注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如:Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
(that用作told的宾语)I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
浅谈对“when”“where”引导的定语从句及其连接的时间、地点状语从句的探讨摘要:在英语的学习中,往往会有许多知识点学生容易混淆,弄不清楚,比如,把关系副词“when”“where”引导的定语从句及连接副词“when”“where”连接的时间、地点状语从句经常混淆,导致学生对相关句子的理解含糊不清,影响对整个语段文章的理解。
其实在含定语从句的句子中,关系副词“when”“where”引导的定语从句及在含时间、地点状语从句的句子中,连接副词“when”“where”连接的状语从句有其各自的特点。
如何区别它们的特点及用法呢?本文就来谈一谈。
关键词:关系副词连接副词从句在英语的学习中,往往会有许多知识点学生容易混淆,弄不清楚,比如,把关系副词“when”“where”引导的定语从句及连接副词“when”“where”连接的时间、地点状语从句经常混淆,导致学生对相关句子的理解含糊不清,影响对整个语段文章的理解。
为了使学生弄清楚这两者之间的相同点与不同点,本文对其进行分析探讨。
一、从从句在主句中的位置方面来说“when”“where”引导的定语从句经常放在先行词之后、非限定性定语从句常放在逗号之后。
“when”“where”连接的状语从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面,主句和从句之间可以用逗号也可以不用逗号。
例如:(1)定语从句:“He will always remember the day when his father returned from America.”译为“他将永远记着父亲从美国返回的那一天。
”其中“When”引导的定语从句只能放在先行词“the day”之后。
(2)状语从句:“He entered the room when the meeting was gong on.”译为“正当开会的时候他走进了房间。
”其中“When”连接的时间状语从句可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
关系副词when, where, why 的用法三者都可用作关系副词,引导定语从句,注意以下几点:1.when 表示时间,用于修饰表示时间概念的先行词;where 表示地点,用于修饰表示地点概念的先行词;why 表示原因,只用于修饰先行词the reason。
如:I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方,当天下午我要在那里讲话。
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
关系副词有时可换成“介词+which”。
如:I’ll never forget the day when [on which] we first met. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That’s the house where [in which] he lived 10 years ago. 那就是他10年前住过的房子。
That’s the reason why [for which] he came. 那就是他为什么来的原因。
2.where引导的定语从句,除用于修饰地点名词外,有时还可修饰抽象名词。
如:Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the la nguage properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小时都得守在办公桌前的工作。
一、考查关系词的指代及其在从句中所作的语法成分
定语从句要由关系词来引导,关系词分为关系代词和
关系副词。
关系代词有:who, whose, whom, that, which 等;关系副词有:when,where,why等。
除that只引导限定性定语从句外,其余的关系词既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
要点提示:要正确使用关系词,就须将两个方面结合起来考虑:一方面是看看关系词所指代的先行词的类属;另一方面是准确分析关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
若指人,作主语用who,作宾语用whom(可以省略),作定语用whose(还可指物);若指物且作主语或宾语,则用which(在非限定性定语从句中,也可指代一个情形,即主句全部内容。
无论作主语还是作宾语,均不可省略)或that(还能指人,作宾语时,可以省略);作状语指时间用when,指地点用where,指原因用why等。
考题:
1.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone
_______ family was poor. (MET'88)
A.of whom
B.whom
C.of whose
D.whose
2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000)
A.who
B.which
C.this
D.what
3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child. (NMET'96)
A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when
4.Carol said the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.(NMET'99)
A.it
B.that
C.when
D.which
5.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (NMET'95短文改错)
答案及简析:
1.答案为D。
此处关系词指代的是anyone,而且作从句中的定语。
2.答案为B。
该题旨在考查非限定性定语从句的引导词,只能在A,B之间选择,可是这里并未指人,而是指主句所谈情况,为此,只能选B。
3.答案为B。
关系词指代地点the small town,同时在定语从句中充当状语。
4.答案为D。
不可认为指代时间by October而误选C。
其实,稍加分析就可清楚关系词指代的是主句全部内容且
作doubt的宾语而非状语。
5.此题先行词是表时间的名词evenings,但在从句中用作spent的宾语而不是状语,故须将when改为
that/which或去掉when。
二、考查关系词的搭配方式
关系词的搭配方式主要是指as及作提前介词宾语的which和whom的搭配方式。
(一)as的搭配方式
要点提示:1. 在限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:the same...as,as...as,not so / as...as, such...as 等。
2.在非限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:as we all know(=as is known to us all),as is
said(reported,mentioned,etc.)above,as it is等,可置于句首、句中或句末。
考题:
_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001)
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
答案与简析:答案为B.显而易见,为一固定搭配方
式.As引导的是非限定性定语从句。
(二)which和whom的搭配方式
要点提示:1.多用于限定性定语从句中,作提前介词的宾语,即介词+which/whom.介词的使用要依据定语从句中
动词短语的构成方式而定。
2.在作从句主语时,往往套用:名词(代词、数词
等)+of+which/whom.多见于非限定性定语从句中。
考题:
1.In the dark street,there wasn't a single person _______ she could turn for help. (NMET'92)
A.to whom
B.who
C.from whom
D.that
2.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of _______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. (MET'90)
A.these
B.those
C.that
D.which
3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)
A.which price
B.the price of which
C.its price
D.the price of whose
答案与简析:
1.答案为A。
turn to sb. for help 是一固定搭配方式。
2.答案为D。
which指代ten windows且作of的宾语,that不能用在非限定性定语从句中,也不能与介词一起提前作宾语。
3.答案为B。
which指代the ancient Chinese vase,与the price构成所属关系。
三、考查使用that的情况及关系词的省略现象
(一)只能使用that的情况
要点提示:
1.由不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all, one, little,few,much等充当先行词时;
2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
3.当先行词被no,the same,the very, the only等修饰时;
4. 当先行词既指人又指物时;
5. 主句是以who开头的疑问句时.
考题:
All _______ is needed is a supply of oil. (MET'89)
A.the thing
B.that
C.what
D.which
答案与简析:答案为B,因为先行词是由不定代词all
充当的。
(二)关系词的省略现象
要点提示:除作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that可以省略外,先行词为way,time等时,可将that省略,其中way 还可以由in which来引导。
考题:
I don't like______you speak to her.(1993上海)
A.the way
B.the way in that
C.the way which
D.the way of which
答案与简析:答案为A.根据句意:我并不喜欢你对她讲话的方式,理应选the way,其后省去了关系代词that。
(文/李英旭;《英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第4期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。
)
阿山来自爱问知识人 2005-10-25 19:32
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