过去完成时态
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时光倒流高中中的过去完成时态详解过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense)是英语的一种时态,它用来表示在过去某个时间之前,已经发生的动作或者已经存在的状态。
在本文中,我将详细解释过去完成时态的用法和特点。
一、过去完成时态的形成过去完成时态由“had + 过去分词”构成。
其中,“had”是过去完成时态的助动词,而过去分词则取决于主语的情况。
二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
例如:By the time I arrived at the party, they had already left.(当我到达聚会的时候,他们已经离开了。
)2. 表示过去某个时间之前已经存在的状态或情况。
例如:She had known him for many years before they got married.(在他们结婚之前,她已经认识他多年了。
)3. 用在虚拟条件语句的主句中,表示对过去某个时间之前的假设。
例如:If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我当时努力学习,我就通过了考试。
)4. 用来与过去进行时态进行对比,强调先后顺序。
例如:I had finished my homework before he came.(他来之前,我已经完成了作业。
)5. 用在间接引语中,表示在引述的发生之前已经发生的动作或状态。
例如:He told me that he had already seen that movie.(他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。
)三、过去完成时态的注意事项1. 过去完成时态通常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:by that time, before, already, just等。
例如:By the time she woke up, her parents had already gone to work.(当她醒来的时候,她的父母已经去上班了。
过去完成时态的结构与用法一、过去完成时态的基本结构过去完成时态是英语中的一种时态,用于表达在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
它通常由had以及动词的过去分词构成。
下面是过去完成时态的基本结构:肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词例如:- I had finished my homework before dinner.- They had traveled to Europe by the end of last year.否定句:主语+ hadn’t + 过去分词例如:- He hadn't studied for the exam when the teacher announced it.疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词?例如:- Had you seen that movie before yesterday?二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某时间之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例如:- She had already left when I arrived at the party.2. 用于时间状语从句中,引导过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如:- Before he came to the office, I had already finished the report.3. 用于叙述过去发生的事情时,可以使用过去完成时来表达先后关系。
例如:- The team had won several matches before they lost the final game.4. 过去完成时态常与过去简单时态连用,用于描述先后发生的两个过去动作或状态。
例如:- I had read the book before I watched the movie.三、对过去完成时态的理解和观点过去完成时态在英语写作中扮演着重要的角色,它帮助我们清晰地表达过去事件的先后顺序,同时也可以突出某个动作或状态在过去某个特定时间之前已经完成。
过去完成时态学习目标1.了解过去完成时定义、构成、用法。
2.掌握过去完成时与现在完成时的区别及用法。
3.进一步学习延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别及转变。
定义:过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的时间是过去的过去。
只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到这个时态。
这个时态常常用于宾语从句中。
构成:主+had+过去分词我们可以用time line来比较过去完成时与一般过去时的不同,也比较两种时态。
1.He said he had been to Hawaii twice.2.They wondered if the bus had gone.3.By the end of last year, he had learned 1000 English words .4.He had gone to England before 2000.5.When I got there, Mr. Li had left .一.过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.(2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.(3 )before + 过去的时间点。
如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
过去完成时态1.过去完成时态表示的含义:表示一个动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成(既一个动作发生在过去的过去)。
2.过去完成时态构成形式:had+过去分词3.过去完成时态的使用范围:✧出现在主从复合句中,常与that引导的宾语从句连用.例如:He said that he had never seen such a beautiful place before.(先看见过,再说)Lucy told me that she had been to Beijing twice.(先去过,再告诉我)✧出现在主从复合句中,常于when \ before \ after\as soon as 引导的时间状语从句连用.注意:主句和从句应各自拥有主\谓\宾的结构.例如: You had cleaned the classroom when I got here.My mother had cooked supper before I went home.Mr Liu had taught in the school for 38 years before I came here.I went to bed after I had finished my homework.注意: 在以上两种主从复合句中,经常存在两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时态,后发生的用一般过去时态.✧出现在简单句中, 常于by(表示在…之前\ 到…的时候) \ before 构成的时间状语连用.by, before +过去的时间点;例如: I had finished my homework by 11 last night.I had reached school before 7 o’clock this morning.✧出现在简单句中, 常于by the end of (到…末为止)引导的时间状语连用.例如:By the end of the match, we had scored 3 goals.We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.(到上学期末为止,既单词是在上学期末之前学的)✧与by the time (表示在…之前\ 到…的时候) 构成的短语连用,例如:By the time we got there, the bus had already gone.(当我们到那的时候, 车已经开走了).By the time they called, I had left.✧与as (表示象\ 按照) 引导的从句连用.例如;We did as he had told us.(我们按照他告诉我们的去做)4.过去完成时态的各种句式:否定句: had + not +过去分词或hadn’t +过去分词一般疑问句: 把had 提到句首.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序I had finished my homework by 11 last night. He had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.I hadn’t finished my homework by 11 last night. He hadn’t learned 1000 words by the end of last term.Had you finished your homework by 11 last night? Had he learned 1000 words by the end of last term?Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. Yes, he had. No , he hadn’t.I had learned 4 songs by the end of last term. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?5.过去完成时态应注意的几个问题:●在主从复合句中,如有after, before 引导的时间状语从句,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的顺序已经非常明显,有时可用一般过去时态代替过去完成时态.例如: He called me after he had come back..=== He called me after he came back.●对于一连串的过去动作,相互之间衔接十分紧密, 可以全部使用一般过去时态,不用过去完成时态.例如:He got up at six yesterday, washed, brushed his teeth, went downstairs and then did morning exercises.1)Peter told us that he____(finish)the work already.2)They_____(wait) for two hours when he_____(come).3)When we got to the station, the train_____(leave) already.4)She made a lot of friends after she_____(study) in this school for three months.5)He said that he______(not go)on the trip with us because he _____(be) there twice.6)We______(learn) more than 700 words by the end of last year.7)Ted went to the class again to get the book he _____(leave) there.8)By the end of last week we_____(plant) 400 trees in our school.9)He said that Mary _____(go) to London next month.。
过去完成时态过去完成时态是英语中表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态的时态。
本文将详细介绍过去完成时态的构成、用法、时间标志词以及常见错误使用。
一、过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态的构成是由“had”(过去式的have)+ 动词的过去分词构成。
例如:He had eaten dinner before he watched the movie.(他在看电影之前已经吃过晚饭了。
)I had finished my homework when she called.(她打电话时,我已经做完作业了。
)二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。
I had already visited Japan before I went to Korea.(在去韩国之前,我已经去过日本了。
)They had finished their work before the boss arrived.(老板到达之前,他们已经完成了工作。
)2. 用于过去完成时态的从句中,可以表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。
She realized that she had forgotten her keys after she arrived home.(她到家后才意识到自己忘带了钥匙。
)He knew that he had made a mistake as soon as he submitted the report.(他一提交报告就知道自己犯了个错误。
)3. 过去完成时态还可与其他过去时态进行比较,强调过去完成的先后关系。
She told me that she had already seen the movie before it was released.(她告诉我她在电影上映之前已经看过了。
)三、过去完成时态常用的时间标志词过去完成时态常用的时间标志词有:already(已经)、just(刚刚)、before(在...之前)、by the time(到...之前)、once(一旦)、never(从不)、until(直到)等。
过去完成时态过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
以上内容转自小精灵网()例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
他以前是我的好友。
过去完成时态㈠过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态由“助动词had (用于各种时态和数)+过去分词”构成。
㈡过去完成时态的用法:①过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,它是一种相对的时态,即相对于一般过去时态而言的,没有一般过去时态就没有过去完成时态。
过去完成时态常与by, by the time, before, by the end of等介词短语或时间状语从句搭配。
如:By the time he was ten, he had learned 200 English words.到十岁时,他已经学习了二百个英语单词。
I had seen you before you saw me. 在你看到我之前,我已看到了你。
②表示从过去开始,持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。
常与for引导的一段时间连用,此时谓语动词只能用表示延续性的动词。
He had studied English for two hours when I called him.当我给他打电话时他已经学英语两个小时了。
③用在宾语从句中,主句谓语为一般过去时态时,从句用过去完成时态,代替现在完成时态或一般过去时态。
如:The teacher asked me what had happened to me.老师问我发生了什么事。
㈢过去完成时态和一般过去时态的区别:两者都表示过去的动作,但是一般过去时态表示的是相对于现在的过去时间,而过去完成时态表示的是相对于过去某一时刻的过去,即过去的过去。
如:They had finished that work yesterday. (×)They finished that work yesterday. (√) 他们昨天完成了那项工作。
Most of students arrived before 4 yesterday afternoon.(×)Most of students had arrived before 4 yesterday afternoon. (√)㈣当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时态。