四级英语考试阅读精选题及答案解析

英语四级考试阅读精选题及答案讲解英语四级考试阅读精选题(一)Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An e某ample of the secondtype of house won an Award of E某cellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winningcube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (飓风) Hugo10 years ago. In September1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damagingor destroying 36,000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed,and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who createdthe cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required tomeet stricter, better-enforced codes.The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able towithstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwoodshell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. Butlooks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give ite某tra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the groundon timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings mightappear insecure, but they arestrong enough to support the weight of the house. They alsoelevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow thesurges to run under the houseinstead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and causemost of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roofshell. “ The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with itspant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart andlet the waves rush under the house, the architect e某plained.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along SouthCarolina’s shore line are required ________.A. to be easily reinforcedB. to look smarter in designC. to meet stricter building standardsD. to be designed in the shape of cubes2. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because________.A. it is strengthened by steel rodsB. it is made of redwoodC. it is in the shape of a shellD. it is built with timber and concrete3. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to________.A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrB. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sandC. break huge sea waves into smaller onesD. prevent water from rushing into the house4. The main function of the shell is ________.A. to strengthen the pilings of the houseB. to give the house a better appearanceC. to protect the wooden frame of the houseD. to slow down the speed of the swelling water5. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.A. fancy-lookingB. waterproofC. easily breakableD. e某tremely strong英语四级考试阅读精选题答案1.[C] 根据题目中的专有名词Hugo查找到文中第3段第2句。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案解析大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析好问，是好的`。

……如果自己不想，只随口问，即能得到正确答复，也未必受到大益。

所以学问二字，“问”放在“学”的下面。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people askedconstantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men.I was never very good at telling thosestories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do fred interesting is the origin of the universe, theshape' of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in theclassroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started tobother me. My every achievement--jobs, research papers, awards--was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain.versus (相对于)fight brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply toany and all provocations: I don't falk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burdenon every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked mehow many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer:45. I know some 9fmY students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. AndI don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual oftheir physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.61、Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A.She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B.She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D.She finds space research more important.62、From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author's failures to ____A.the very fact that she is a womanB.her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistC.her involvement in gender politicsD.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society63、What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?ck of confidence in succeeding in space science.B.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C.People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.D.Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.64、Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talkingabout her class?A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B.Her students' performance has brought back her confidence.C.Her female students can do just as well as male students.D.More female students are pursuing science than before.65、What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A.Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C.Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.答案解析:61-65：BACDC【大学英语四级阅读理解精选试题及答案解析】。

英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(1)【阅读练习】What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the bes t, but we strangely enjoy junkfood.We’re 2 with health an d weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans cameto this con tinent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop经(济作物)wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, i ntended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony.Do as Romans do meanseating what ―real Americans‖ e at, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by import—s piz za,say, or hot dogs. And some of thecountry’s most treas ured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shack les.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’sdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch c ounters.It is integral to our concepts of health and even m orality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reaso ns or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are a mbivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have b ecome 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American conscious ness. It’s no coincidence, then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage( 束缚). It’s whatwe eat—and how we 10 it with friends, famil y, and strangers—that help define America as acommunity today.A.answer I. creativeB.result J. beliefC.share K. suspiciousD.guilty L. certaintyE.constant M. obsessedF.defined N. identifyG.vanish O. idealsH.adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel 是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D 项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. 对……感到有愧‖。

英语四级阅读练习及答案解析ANSWER:1.选J)。

此处应填副词。

可选项有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况，平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级，故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。

2.选D)。

此处应填形容词。

因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比，故此处应填与small“矮的”意思相反的词，选项中只有tall符合题意。

而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰sporting types,故排除。

3.选G)。

此处应填名词。

现在的生活和工作条件改善了，情况已经不同了。

而such指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合题意。

4.选B)。

此处应填名词。

根据句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，选项中有background和hobby，选background“人的背景，社会阶层”，符合*主题。

5.选I)。

由as well可知，此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton 的意思相近，选项中只有clues“线索”符合题意。

6.选K)。

此处应填动词的原形。

选项中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式;而consider带不定式的复合结构，用于主动语态时，consider后面得接宾语，故选appear。

7选F)。

这句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is...。

可选项有taken和fetched,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿来”不能与 opportunity构成动宾搭配，故排除fetched而选taken。

8.选A)。

此处应填形容词。

句子意思是“衣服的价钱......，大多数人都买得起。

”选项中只有available“可以接受的”符合题意。

大学英语四级阅读习题及答案大学英语四级阅读习题(一)1、A2、D3、C4、C5、B大学英语四级阅读习题答案Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible大学英语四级阅读习题(二)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.。

（完整版）英语四级阅读试题库含答案解析英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21 st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn ’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue overit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warmi ng an “inconvenient truth, ”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don ’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can ’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world ’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economicgrowth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they ’re “doing something. ”Consi der the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn ’t. But it hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit ’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don ’t solve the engineering problem, we ’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide crisis at all. commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it underor stop it. control.58. According to the author ’s understandin g, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energyB) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances of science and poor technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permiss ion or scan the Websites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, agirlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs ( 碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent ofrespondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that b others me. ”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It ’s like health: When you have it, youdon ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you ’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21 st century equivalent of being caughtnaked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others ’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret ”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others ’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people ’sidentities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingdevices. about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itwoman.B) its importance is rarely understoodThere are many reasons forC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don ’t cherish it until the y lose itthis-typically, men take more risks thanwoman and are more likely to drink andsmoke but perhaps more importantly,men don ’t go to the doctor.“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often2.Passage Oneas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This Question s 57 to 61 are based on theis particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.diseases tend to strike. ”If you are a male and you are readingGullotta says a healthy man should this ,congratulations: you are avisit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According tostatistics .you arethose over 45,it should be at least once amore than twice as likely to die of skinyear.cancer than a woman ,and nine timesTwo months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you50-year-old ma who had delayed doing make it to the end of your natural term,anything about his smoker ’s cough for a about 78 years for men in Australia, youyear.will die on average five years before a“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ”he says, “Earlier detection and inevitably place strain on the public purse, treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says. ”But prevention is cheaper would have prolonged this life ”in the long run than having to treat the According to a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death. ”see a doctor once a year, compared to 57.Why does the author congratulate his 70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.golf course and they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average lifespan has been could happen to him. considerably extended.Then there is the ostrich approach, ” C. They have lived long enough to read some men are scared of what might be this article.there and would rather not know, ”says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and Dr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the mostmore regularly than they service their important reason men die five years bodies, ”Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more thanbe addressed by preventive check-ups. womenB. men don ’t seek medical care as often disease becaus e of fearas women 61. What does Cartmill say about regularC. men aren ’t as cautions as women in check-ups for men?face of danger A.They may increase public expensesD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal B.They will save money in the long rundiseases C.They may cause psychological strains on59. Which of the following best completes menthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to D.They will enable men to live as long ashim ?’(line2,para,8)? womenA. it could happen to me, too Passage TwoB. I should avoid playing golf Questions 62 to 66 are based on theC. I should consider myself lucky following passage.D. it would be a big misfortune High-quality customer service is60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by preached( 宣扬)by many ,but actually“the ostrich approach ”(line q para.9) keeping customers happy is easier saidA. a casual attitude towards one ’s health than doneconditions Shoppers seldom complain to the B. a new therapy for certain psychological manager or owner of a retail store, butproblems instead will alert their friends, relatives, C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear co-workers, strangers-and anyone whoof the pain involved will listen.D. unwillingness to find out about one ’s Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满when their regular customers decide t 了的) shelves, overloaded racks, frequent their competitors, according to a out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, study jointly conducted by Verde group and rude salespeople.and Wharton school During peak shopping hours, some “Storytelling hurts retailers and retailers solved the parking problems by entertains consumers, ”said Paula getting moonlighting （业余兼职的）local Courtney, President of the V erde group. ”police to work as parking attendants.the store loses the customer, but the Some hired flag wavers to direct shopper must also find a replacement. ”customers to empty parking spaces. This On average, every unhappy customerguidance eliminated the need forwill complain to at least four other, and customers to circle the parking lotwill no longer visit the specific store for endlessly, and avoided confrontationevery dissatisfied customer, a store will between those eyeing the same parkinglose up to three more due to negative space.reviews. The resulting “snowball effect ”Retailers can relieve the headaches bycan be disastrous to retailers. redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking According to the research, shoppers sales items, hiring speedy and who purchased clothing encountered the experienced cashiers, and having salesmost problems. ranked second and third representatives on hand to answerwere grocery and electronics customers. questions.The most common complaints Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry them.customers. C Few customers believe the service will “Retailers who ’re responsive and be improved.friendly are more likely to smooth over D Customers have no easy access to storeissues than those who aren ’t so friendly. ”managers.said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by something as simple as a greeter at the saying “?the shopper must also find astore entrance would help. ”replacement ”(Line 2, Para. 4)?Customers can also improve future A New customers arebound to replace shopping experiences by filing complaints old ones.to the retailer, instead of complaining to B It is not likely the shopper can find thethe rest of the world. Retailers are same products in other stores.hard-pressed to improve when they have C Most stores provide the sameno idea what is wrong. D Not complaining to the manager causes注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答the shopper some trouble too.62. Why are store managers often the last 64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingto hear complaints? police as parking attendants so that A Most customers won ’t bother to shoppers_____complain even if they have had unhappy A can stay longer browsing in the store experiences. B won ’t have trouble parking their carsB Customers would rather relate theirC won ’t have any worries about securityunhappy experiences to people around D can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers areadvised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren ’t comparable fabrics t hat can just replace what you ’re doing and shat your customers are used to, ”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young greenentrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur, ”says Hahn.Some analysts ( 分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I ’m aware of. ”Like most consumers, she finds little time toshop, and when she does, she ’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn ’t too expensive. ”By her own admission, green just isn ’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla ’s attitude t oward ecofashion?A) She doesn ’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn ’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand( 缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people ’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that ’s recorded in you hair, ”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along astrand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling ’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing ( 精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s goodfor eliminating many possibilities. ”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area, ”Park said “But it narrows it way downfor me. ”62. What is the scientists ’new discovery?A) One ’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person ’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink ”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one ’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one ’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one ’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America ’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling ’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerl ing ’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person underinvestigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on thepresidential candidates and how they ’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I ’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world ’s attention.And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we ’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can ’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, blackwomen still can ’t esca pe the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexedfemales raised by our never-married, alcoholic ( 酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publicationshave donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans whousually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they ’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to pleaseeveryone —an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise ( 沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that ’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.。

Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.『The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago.』①Fell off his trolley,so to speak.『For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser,』②but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters.Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor.It’s like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or the chair, or socks.One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.It isn’t necessarily so.I read only the other day that Richard Ⅱinvented the handkerchief.Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo daVinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube as well)or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).It’s quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley.Certainly it has been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,than news came of the death of SylvanN.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the Los Angeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and madesupermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.You could put an engine in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities are endless.1.It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss.A.was remembered by the people all over worldB.made a lot of money from his inventionC.was not very famousD.was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman2.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that.A.the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgottenB.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selectionC.many everyday objects are invented more than onceD.many famous people have passed away without being noticed3.Who probably invented spoons?A.Leonardo da Vinci.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Victor Farris.D.A person unknown.4. By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means .A. he really did itB. he is a military scientistC. he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicoptersD. people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong5.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?A.His death was not reported by the press.B.He was a famous inventor.C.He made a very big mistake in his late years.D.He died on the same day as John F.Kenneddy.V ocabulary1.canopy n. 天篷2.pram n. 婴儿车长难句解析①【解析】“the same goes”解析为同样的事情也发生，例:The same goes for our classmates.同样的事情也发生在我的同学身上。

答案与解析100%Passage 11.The author believes that a single⁃sex school would .A)force boys to hide their emotions to be real men”B)help to cultivate masculine ag⁃gressiveness in boysC)encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D)naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 1.C)㊂根据题干关键词a single⁃sex school,可将答案定位在第三段㊂该段主要讲述单性别的男子学校对于男孩发展的好处㊂根据 Boys...develop their emotional ex⁃pressiveness,rather than...conform to the boy code”of hiding their e⁃motions to be a real man ’.”可知,正确答案是C㊂A 选项是男女混校的情况;B 选项是传统的观点,不是作者的观点;D 选项原文未提及 ㊂2.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys .A)perform relatively better B)grow up more healthily C)behave more responsibly D)receive a better education 2.A)㊂根据题干关键词commonly believed 和mixed school 可将答案定位在第四段㊂该句话指出,研究结果与传统认为男女在一起受教育有利于男孩表现地更好的观点相反㊂由此可知,A 选项是对该句话中 received wisdom that boys do better when taught along⁃side girls”部分的同义替换,是正确答案㊂B㊁C㊁D 选项均夸大了对该句的理解,都不正确㊂3.What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A)It fails more boys than girls aca⁃demically.B)It focuses more on mixed school education.C)It fails to give boys the attention they need.D)It places more pressure on boys3.C)㊂根据题干关键词Tony Little 和the British education system 可将答案定位在第五段㊂该段明确指出,Tony 认为英国教育失败的原因在于过多关注女孩,而没有意识到男孩事实上比女孩更情绪化㊂由此可知,正确答案是C㊂A㊁B㊁D 选项均是对原文的片面理解,不是Tony 对英国教育体系的㊃1㊃than on girls.看法 ㊂4.According to Abigail James,one of the advantages of single⁃sex schools is .A)teaching can be tailored to suitthe characteristics of boys B)boys can focus on their lessonswithout being distracted C)boys can choose to learn whatev⁃er they are interested in D)teaching can be designed to pro⁃mote boys’team spirit 4.A)㊂根据题干中的关键词Abigail James 和one of the advantages of single⁃sex schools 可将答案定位在倒数第三段㊂根据该段首句话 in single⁃sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’learning style...”可知,单性别男子学校的好处是可以根据男孩的特点来设计课程,由此可知A 是正确答案㊂B 选项未提及;C 选项太绝对;D 选项也未提及 ㊂5.Which of the following is character⁃istic of boys according to Abigail James’report?A)They enjoy being in charge.B)They conform to stereotypes.C)They have sharper vision.D)They are violent and sexist. 5.C)㊂根据题干中的关键词Abigail James’report 和characteristic of boys 可将答案定位在最后两段㊂这两段主要是通过男孩的特点运用对比来说明单性别的男子学校和男女混校对于男孩发展的利弊㊂选项C 与倒数第二段的第二句话 boys generally have more a⁃cute vision”吻合,是正确答案㊂A㊁B 以及D 选项均是对男孩特点的传统认识,不是Abigail James’re⁃port 的观点,所以均不正确 ㊂Passage 21.What does the author say about va⁃cationing?A)People enjoy it all the more dur⁃ing a recession.B)Few people can afford it withoutworking hard.C )It makes all the hard work worthwhile. 1.C)㊂根据题干关键词vacationing,可将答案定位在首段㊂根据该段的第四句, I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday.”可知作者认为不去度假那么工作又为何呢?所以选项C 是正确答案㊂选项A 与原文正好相反, 经㊃2㊃D)It is the chief cause of family disputes.济衰退使得人们积蓄减少,度假也自然就少了;选项B 文中未提及;根据原文,引起家庭争吵的主要原因并不是度假,而是对金钱的担心,所以选项D 也不正确 ㊂2.What does the author mean by say⁃ing money is known to bring arelationship to its knees”(Line 1,Para.2)?A)Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B)Some people sacrifice their dignityfor money.C)Few people can resist the tempta⁃tion of money.D)Disputes over money may ruin arelationship. 2.D)㊂根据题干括号中的明确提示直接定位㊂bring to its knees 意为ruin or destroy,所以该句的意思是money is a thing that can ruin or destroy relationship㊂由此可知选项D 是正确答案㊂选项A 夸大了金钱的作用,与原文无关;选项B 原文未提及;选项C 本身正确,但原文也未提及㊂另外,如果不知道bring...to its knees 意思,可根据 句意必与原文内容相关”的原则猜测,只有答案D 提到了rela⁃tionship,自然是答案,其余均与原文无关 ㊂3.The YouGov poll of 2,000people in⁃dicates that in a recession .A)conflicts between couples tend to rise B)it is more expensive for couplesto split up C)couples show more concern foreach other D)divorce and separation rates in⁃crease 3.A)㊂根据题干关键词YouGov poll of 2,000people 可将答案定位在第二段的 ...financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable.”由此可知,正确答案是A㊂选项B 是对make splitting up less affordable 的误解,原文是说更承担不起,而不是更贵了;选项C 原文未提及,只提及对金钱更担忧了;选项D 与原文不吻合,原文明确指出,经济衰退时离婚和分手率的提高不很明显 ㊂4.What does Kim Stephenson believe? 4.D)㊂根据题干关键词 Kim Ste⁃㊃3㊃A)Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.B)Money means a great deal toboth men and women.C)Men and women spend moneyon different things.D)Men and women view money indifferent ways.phenson 可将答案定位在第三段㊂但由于题干内容比较抽象,需对选项逐一甄别㊂选项A 只是其中的一部分内容,不全面,不是Kim Stephenson 的观点,所以不正确;选项B 只是原文的拼凑,与原文内容不符,也不是Kim Stephenson 的观点;选项C 也不正确,因为原文只提及男人与女人对金钱的观念不同,并未提及其消费对象不同㊂只有选项D 是Kim Stephen⁃son 的正确观点,是对have differ⁃ent ideas of what it’s for 的同义复述,所以正确答案是D ㊂5.The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should .A)put their money together insteadof keeping it separately B)make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C)discuss money matters to main⁃tain a healthy relationship D)avoid arguing about money mat⁃ters to remain romantic 5.C)㊂根据题干关键词at the end of the passage 可将答案定位在最后一段的最后一句㊂ In a healthy relationship,you don’t have to agree about money,but you have to talk about it.”即为了维持良好关系,男女之间应该谈论金钱,所以正确答案是C㊂选项A㊁B㊁D 均未提及 ㊂Passage 31.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for 1.B)㊂题干当中的junk food 可以定位到文章第一段:Junk food is eve⁃rywhere.We’re eating way too much of it.Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.判断推理题㊂第一段提到了对垃圾食品的评价:垃圾食品无处不在, 我㊃4㊃people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is gen⁃erally realized.们吃了太多的垃圾食品㊂虽然大部分人都知道自己在做什么,但我们仍然这样做㊂因此可知,人们知道垃圾食品不好,但还是买来吃㊂故选项B 正确㊂A) 应教育人们不要吃太多垃圾食品”;C) 垃圾食品诱惑力太大,人们难以抵制”;D) 垃圾食品的害处比人们普遍意识到的还要多㊂”在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂2.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A)They should be implemented ef⁃fectively.B)They provide misleading infor⁃mation.C)They are based on wrong as⁃sumptions.D)They help people make rational choices. 2.C)㊂由题干当中的Rand research⁃ers 和policy measures to control o⁃besity 可以定位到文章第三段:Many policy measures to control o⁃besity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing infor⁃mation and more access to healthier foods.判断推理题㊂第三段提到了很多控制减肥的政策措施都假定人们会有意识地㊁理性地选择吃什么和吃多少,因此这些政策都将重点放在提供信息以及提供更多获得健康食物的途径上㊂接下来第四段提到,那些没有做此假定的规章条例取得了成功㊂根据转折词in contrast 可以推断,很多控制肥胖症的政策因为假定错误,所以都失败了,故选项C 正确㊂A) 应该有效地执行这些政策”和B) 他们提供了误导性的信息”在原文均未提及,故排除 ;㊃5㊃D) 他们帮助人们做出理性的选择”,第四段第一句指出那些没有假定人们会做出理性选择的许多规章条例在酒类控制方面取得了成功,由此可知并不是控制减肥症的措施帮助人们做出理性的选择,而是他们以人们能做出理性的选择为基础,故排除 ㊂3.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A)Few people are able to resistalcohol’s temptations.B)There are already too manystores selling alcohol.C )Drinking strong alcohol cancause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers’over⁃consumption.3.D)㊂由题干当中的density restric⁃tions 可以定位到文章第六段:Density restrictions:licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol.These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.判断推理题㊂第六段提到了销售酒类的许可证不是毫无计划地颁布给所有申请者,而是根据一个地区已获得售酒许可的数量发放的㊂这些限制使得酒类没那么轻易购买,同时也减少了饮酒的心理暗示㊂由此可知,密度限制的目的是减少人们购买酒的机会,以此达到限酒的目的,故选项D 正确㊂选项细化:A) 很少有人能够抵制酒精的诱惑”;B) 已经有很多销售酒的商店了”;C) 喝烈酒会引起社会问题”,三个选项在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂4.What is the purpose of California’s 4.D)㊂由题干当中的California 和㊃6㊃rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the densityof alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up thehabit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers’im⁃mediate sight.in gas station 可以定位到文章最后一段第一句:Display and sales restrictions:California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations,and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive⁃through facilities.判断推理题㊂最后一段第一句提到了加利福尼亚州规定禁止在加油站收银处附近展示酒类,这是作为展示和销售限制规定的一个例子,根据全文可知,此规定的目的是减少人们购买酒类的计划,故选项D 正确㊂A) 为了有效地限制酒类销售商店的密度”,是限制酒类销售的措施,而非其目的,故排除;B) 为了帮助司机放弃饮酒习惯”和C) 为了防止附近地区可能产生的交通堵塞”在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂5.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’s awarenessof their own health.C )Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D )Resorting to economic,legal and psychological means. 5.C)㊂题干当中的Rand researchers 可以定位到文章二段:So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation:Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?主旨大意题㊂文章第一段指出垃圾食品无处不在,第二段指出针对这个现象的措施,即学习酒类管制政策,对垃圾食品的销售场所以及展示方式进行限制,第三㊁四段解释为什么要学习酒类管制政策, 第㊃7㊃五至八段具体论述五类酒类管制政策可以学习㊂由此可知,兰德公司的研究人员关于控制垃圾食品的建议就是学习㊁借鉴酒类管制措施,故选项C 正确㊂A) 指导人们对食品做出理性的选择”,文中已经否定这个政策,故排除;B) 提升人们自身的健康意识”和D) 求助于经济㊁立法和心理措施”在原文均未提及,故排除㊂Passage 41.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sud⁃den.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing the dominant role in the film market. 1.B)㊂由题干当中的Kodak 和选项中的bankrupt,digital revolution 可以定位到文章第一段第一句:Kodak’s decision to file for bankrupt⁃cy(破产)protection is a sad,though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pi⁃oneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for dec⁃ades,but ultimately failed to adapt tothe digital revolution.判断推理题㊂第一段第一句提到了柯达公司申请破产保护的决定对于这家举足轻重的美国公司而言是一个令人遗憾而又意料之中的转折点㊂由此可知,柯达公司正在走向衰落,故选项B 正确㊂A) 它突然破产”,第一段首句指出柯达公司申请破产保护,由此可知其尚未正式破产,故排除;C) 它发起了胶片行业的数字革命”,第一段最后一 句指出柯达公司没能适应数字化㊃8㊃的变革这一发展趋势,C)与原文不符,故排除;D) 它在胶片市场正处于主导地位”该段指出柯达公司在长达几十年的时间里,在胶卷市场占主导位置,但现在已经不在占据重要的位置,故排除 ㊂2.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digit⁃al camera?A)To show its early attempt to re⁃invent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji Photo. 2.A)㊂由题干当中的Kodak’s inven⁃tion of the first digital camera 可以定位到文章第二段第一句: that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film and in fact,Kodak invented the first digital cam⁃era in 1975 判断推理题㊂第二段第一句提到了尽管许多人认为柯达的衰败在于其自满,但这一解释掩盖了柯达公司为了改造自己所做的努力㊂然后文章指出柯达公司于1975年发明了第一台数码照相机㊂由此可知,作者以柯达公司研制第一台数码照相机为例,是为了说明柯达公司在自我改造上的尝试,故选项A 正确㊂B) 为了证明它为了克服自满所做的努力”和D) 为了表明它愿意与日本富士胶片竞争”,与原文意思均不符,故排除;C) 为了表明它为了加速适应数字革命而做的调整”,与第一段内容不符,故排除 ㊂3.Why do large companies have diffi⁃culty switching to new markets? 3.D)㊂题干当中的large companies 和switching to new markets 可以定㊃9㊃A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in con⁃fronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in theirglorious past.位到文章第四段最后一句:Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.判断推理题㊂第四段第一句提到了当大公司试图转向新市场时,都会经历一段困难的时期,因为把现有资产转移到新的行业要经受住一定的诱惑㊂然后文章在第五段以事例证明柯达公司沉溺于过去的辉煌,无法完全投身于将来,故选项D 正确㊂A) 他们发现放弃现有的资产代价很大”,与原文不符,故排除;B) 他们倾向于在应对新挑战方面反应慢”,第一段最后一句指出柯达公司没能适应数字化的变革这一发展趋势与原文不符,故排除;同理,C)与原文也不符,故排除 ㊂4.What does the author say Kodak’shistory has become?A)A burden.B)A mirror.C)A joke.D)A challenge.4.A)㊂题干当中的Kodak’s history has become 可以定位到文章第五段最后两句:Their history was so important to them.Now their histo⁃ry has become a liability.事实细节题㊂第五段指出柯达公司的企业文化过分沉溺于过去的辉煌,以至于无法彻底放下过去,而这正是投身于未来的先决条件㊂他们陷入过去而无法自拔㊂历史对于它来说太重要了,以至于成为了它的沉重的负担,故选项A 正确㊂B) 一面镜子”;C)一个笑话”和D) 一个挑战”与原文均不符,故排除 ㊂5.What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A)Its blind faith in traditional pho⁃tography.B)Its failure to see Fuji Photo’s e⁃mergence.C)Its refusal to sponsor the 1984Olympics.D)Its overconfidence in its corpo⁃rate culture.5.C )㊂题干当中的Kodak’s fatalmistake 可以定位到文章最后一段第四句:Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film forthe 1984Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.事实细节题㊂最后一段提到柯达决定不再角逐1984年洛杉矶奥林匹克运动会官方胶卷赞助商的决定是一次重大的失误,故选项C 正确㊂A) 盲目相信传统的摄影技术”B) 未能看到富士胶片的崛起”和D) 过度自信的企业文化”与原文均不符,故排除㊂Passage 51.The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate .A)deprives many people of job oppor⁃tunitiesB)prevents many people from chan⁃ging careersC)should not stop people from loo⁃king for a job D)does not mean the U.S.economyis worsening 1.C)㊂题干当中的high unemploy⁃ment rate 可以定位到文章第一段的首尾句㊂As you are probably a⁃ware,the latest job markets news isn’t good:Unemployment is still more than 9percent,and new job growth has fallen close to zero.But it actually shouldn’t matter to you near⁃ly as much as you think.判断推理题㊂第一段的最后一句,作者明确指出,高失业率为求职者增添的就业难度并没有想象当中那么厉害㊂因此,可以体会作者的意图是:人们不应该因为就业压力大而放弃寻找工作㊂A 选项说高失业率会剥夺很多人的就业机会,该选项迷惑度高,因为一方面这是人们的一种没有经过验证的常识,另一方面因为第一段的首句提到了 新的就业增长率几乎为零”㊂B 选项说会阻止很多人转行,第一段的第三句说这样的消息可能会让打算转行的人感到沮丧,而并非说是阻止转行或无法转行㊂D 选项说这并不意味着美国经济在恶化,第一段第二句提到,此种情形对于美国的经济只会雪上加霜,故排除 ㊂2.Where do most job openings come from?A)Job growth.B)Job turnover.C)Improved economy.D)Business expansion.2.B)㊂由题干中的job openings 定位到第二段的前两句㊂That’s be⁃cause job growth numbers don’t mat⁃ter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替)data.After all,existing jobs open up every day due to promotions,resignations,ter⁃minations (解雇),and retirements.事实细节题㊂第二段前两句讲到因为对于求职者来说,就业人员更替的数据远比就业增长数据重要㊂无论怎样,每天都会出现很多新的工作岗位,因为不断有人晋升㊁辞职㊁被解雇和退休㊂故选项B 正确㊂A 选项 就业增长”,而原文讲到就业增长数据不及人员更替重要,故应排除㊂C 选项 改善的经济状况”,第二段第三句提到,无论经济环境好坏与否,人员更替都会产生大量的工作岗位,故应排除㊂D 选项 商业扩张”,整篇文章并没有提及该话题,这是一个无关选项,故应排除 ㊂3.What does the author say about over⁃all job growth?A)It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.B)It increases people’s confidence in the economy.C)It gives a ray of hope to the un⁃employed.D)It doesn’t mean greater job secur⁃ity for the employed.3.A)㊂题干当中有overall job growth 可以定位到第四段首句:I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s abil⁃ity to land a job.判断推理题㊂该定位句指出 我不是说整体就业增长率的高低不会影响个体找工作㊂”可以看出,就业增长率对于人们找工作还是有一些影响的㊂但是结合之后的描述发现,新增就业岗位对人们的影响有,但不是很大,因此选项A 正确㊂B) 它使得人们对于经济形势更有信心”,信心概念文章并没有提及,故应排除㊂C ) 它让失业人员拥抱希望”,希望概念并没有提及,故应排除㊂D) 它不能表示在职者更有职业安全感”,职业安全感也没有提及,因此排除 ㊂4.What is the key to landing a job ac⁃cording to the author?A)Education.B)Intelligence.C)Persistence.D)Experience.4.C)㊂题干中的landing a job 定位到第五段的首句㊂But what oftendistinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their abilityto stay motivated.判断推理题㊂原文第五段第一句,之所以有些人能够成功地找到工作,是因为他们始终保持积极尝试的能力,因此成功的秘诀在于 坚持不懈”㊂故选项C 正确㊂A) 教育”,未提及;B) 智力”,未提及;D) 经验”,未提及㊂三个选项均未提及,故排除 ㊂about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?A)They clearly indicate how health⁃y the economy is.B)They provide the public with the latest information.C)They warn of the structural prob⁃lems in the economy.D)They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.figures定位到第五段末句㊂The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that2.7million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even clas⁃sified as unemployed.判断推理题㊂定位句中,作者引用了劳工统计局的数据,明确指出,那些原本需要找工作却在四周内放弃了就业的人已经不再被认定为失业人员了㊂故选项D正确㊂A) 数据明确说明了经济形势的健康”,失业数据在文章中并没有和经济形式形成一种单一的对应关系,因为单独一个数据并不能清楚说明经济形势健康,故应排除㊂B) 对公众提供了最新的信息”,文章并没有提及 最新”二字,故应排除㊂C) 对于经济的结构问题提出了警示”,文章并没有提到 警示”,故应排除㊂Passage61.Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?A)It is believed to contribute tolong life.B)It is part of their health carepackage.C)The elderly are more sensitive a⁃bout their health.D)The elderly are in greater dangerof tumor growth.1.D)㊂题干当中有routine cancer screening,定位到文章第一段㊂Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age.So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors or doesn’t it?判断推理题㊂文章第一段首句指出,随着年龄的增长,人们罹患癌症的风险会逐渐增加㊂因此,老年人更容易罹患癌症,因此选项D正确㊂A)大家认为这样可以延长寿命”,而浏览整篇文章,仅仅在第四段出现了关于延长癌症病人生命的观点,而不是延长所有人的寿命,故排除㊂B) 是老年人医保套餐的组成部分”,原文没有提及老年人的医保套餐,故排除㊂C) 老年人对健康问题更加敏感”,文中并没有出现老年人关于自身健康问题的态度,故应排除 ㊂2.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the eld⁃erly?A)It adds too much to their medical bills.B)It helps increase their life ex⁃pectancy.C)They are doubtful about its ne⁃cessity.D)They think it does more harm thangood. 2.C)㊂从题干中的researchers 定位到原文第二段第一句:While suchvigilant (警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general,research⁃ersareincreasinglyquestioningwhether all of this testing is necessa⁃ry for the elderly.定位句意为:一般而言,这种由警惕而来的癌症筛查是一件好事,不过,研究者越来越开始怀疑,上述这些对于老年人的测试到底是否必要㊂由此可得,选项C 正确㊂A) 医疗账单由此大幅增加”,文章没有提到癌症筛除检查造成老年人账单增加的问题,故应排除㊂B) 检查能延长预期寿命”,该选项容易混淆,因为提到75岁以上部分人群因为通过定期体检发现了癌症,并因为及时治疗延长了寿命,然而这并不是研究者的观点,故应排除㊂D) 他们认为这样做是弊大于利”,从定位句的意义来看,这样做到底有无必要还没达成一致,因此这个选项也应排除 ㊂3.What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?A)It applies to women over 50.B)It is a must for adult women.C)It is optional for young women.D)It doesn’t apply to women over 74.3.B)㊂题干中的breast cancer 定位到第三段第二句㊂But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep⁃rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50and over 74stop screening for breast cancer,itcaused a riotous reaction among doc⁃tors,patients and advocacy groups.判断推理题㊂定位句提到因所有人都得进行癌症筛查这种想法早已根深蒂固,因此保健专家建议不满50岁和超过74岁的女性大可停止乳腺癌变的筛查,然而就是这样,医生㊁患者和主张筛查的人们反响不断㊂由此可知,女性们对于持续进行乳腺筛查很是认可,认为就是应该进行乳腺癌的筛查,故选项B 正确㊂A 选项和D 选项提到了50岁以上的女性和74岁以上的女性㊂然而,文章中虽然提到了50岁以下以及74岁以上的女性不用常规筛查,但这种观点并不传统,而是一种新观点㊂因此排除㊂C 选项 对于年轻女性是可选的”,对于年轻女性是否可选乳腺癌筛查,文中并没有交代,故可以排除 ㊂4.Why do many doctors prescribe rou⁃tine screening for cancer?A)They want to protect themselvesagainst medical disputes.4.A )㊂题干中的doctors prescribe routine screening 可以定位到第六段第二句:Dr.Otis Brawley said. Many doctors are ordering screen⁃medical care system.C)They want data for medical re⁃search.D)They want their patients to sufferless.”事实细节题㊂定位句中是医生Otis 的话,Otis 认为,很多医生之所以让病人进行癌症筛查,主要目的是为了保护自己㊂降低诊断风险,因此选项A 正确㊂B) 他们想利用医保系统”,文中未提及,故排除㊂C) 想要得到医疗研究数据”,文中未提及,故排除㊂D) 希望病人减少痛苦”,未提及,故排除 ㊂5.What does the author say is the gen⁃eral view about health care?A)The more,the better.B)Prevention is better than cure.C)Better early than late.D)Better care,longer life.5.A)㊂题干当中general view 定位到最后一段:That means making some difficult decisions with elderly pa⁃tients,and going against the misguid⁃ed belief that when it comes to health care,more is always better.同义转换题型㊂定位句中说到还得纠正一种被误导的观点,即,一说到医疗保险,就是越多越好㊂由此可知,选项A 正确㊂B) 预防胜于治疗”;C) 早治比晚治好;”D) 越多关心,寿命越长”;都未出现㊂故应排除㊂Passage 71.In the initial stage,the current eco⁃nomic crisis is likely to .A)tear many troubled families apart B)contribute to enduring family ties C)bring about a drop in the divorce rateD)cause a lot of conflicts in the fam⁃ily1.C)㊂根据第一段第二句中的If the Great Depression is any guide,we may see a drop in our skyhigh divor⁃ce rate 和最后一句In the long run,the Depression weakened American families,and the current crisis will probably do the same.the same 指代前面的drop 的内容㊂因此选项C 是正确答案㊂2.In the Great Depression many unhap⁃py couples chose to stick together be⁃cause .A)starting a new family would be hard B)they expected things would turn betterC)they wanted to better protect their kidsD)living separately would be too costly 2.D )㊂本题的定位词为unhappy couples,根据第二段中的内容:un⁃happy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce.They feared neither spouse could manage alone.选项D 中的costly 和原文中的couldn’t af⁃ford 对应 ㊂3.In addition to job losses,what stands in the way of unhappy couples get⁃ting a divorce?A)Mounting family debts.B)A sense of insecurity.C)Difficulty in getting a loan.D)Falling housing prices. 3.D)㊂根据第三段第二句:Further⁃more,the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.原文里面提到的是difficult 和题干中的stands in the way 同义替换,且后面提到的是卖房子,所以唯一与此相关的选项就是Falling housing prices ㊂4.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married cou⁃ples?A)It will force them to pull their ef⁃forts together.B)It will undermine their mutual un⁃derstanding.C)It will help strengthen their emo⁃tional bonds.D)It will irreparably damage their relationship.4.D)㊂最后一段第一句话中提到,经济危机造成了同样多关系破灭㊁感情无可挽回的夫妻㊂选项D 会无可挽回地损坏他们的关系”是正确答案㊂其中irreparably damage 对应原文中的 irreparably ruined.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.B)Few couples can stand the test of5.A)㊂源于最后一段的最后一句话So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we will begin to see just how many broken families have been created.重点还是考单。

英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage Onest century, Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue overbut regardless of whether it is or isnit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ”as if merely recognizing it’t know enough tocould put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we donrelieve global warming, and—we can ’t do–without major technological breakthroughsmuch about it.’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 From 2003 to 2050, the worldbillion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless w e condemn t he world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone e lse‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy u se and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government w ill adopt rigid restrictions o n economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, d riving and travel) that might cut back global’re “doing something. ”Consider the Kyoto warming. Still, politicians want to show theyProtocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But itsignatories (签字hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical c onclusion i s that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development p rogrammight find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it ’s really a n engineering one. The inconvenient t ruth is that if we don ’t solve t he’re helpless.engineering problem, we57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide crisis at all. commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it underor stop it. control.58. According to the author ’s understanding, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energyB) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances o f science a ndpoor technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission o r scan theWebsites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketingcompany, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself tofriends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs ( 碎屑) you leave everywhere m ake it easy for strangers toreconstruct w ho you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is”“slipping away, and that bothers me.But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system t hat can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).’s like health: When you have it, you But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. Itdon ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.“the 21 st century equivalent of being caught62. What does the author mean by sayingnaked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.’secrets.B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into othersC) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends s hould open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.”64. Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret (Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.’affairs.C) There are always people who are curious about othersD) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingdevices. about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itwoman.B) its importance is rarely understoodThere are many reasons forC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don ’t cherish it until they lose itthis-typically, m en take more risks thanwoman a nd are more likely t o drink andsmoke but perhaps more importantly,men don ’t go to the doctor.“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often 2.Passage One“Thisas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, Questions 57 to 61 are based on theis particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.”diseases tend to strike.If you are a male and you are readingGullotta says a healthy man should this ,congratulations: you are avisit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According to statistics .you a rethose over 45,it should be at least once a more than twice as likely to die of skinyear.cancer than a woman ,and nine timesTwo months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you50-year-old m a who had delayed doing make i t to the end of your natural t erm,’s cough for aanything about his smokerabout 78 years for men in Australia, youyear.will die on average f ive years b efore a“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread a nd he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ”he says, “Earlier d etection a nd inevitably place strain on the public purse,”But prevention is cheaper treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says.”in the long run than having to treat the would have prolonged this lifeAccording t o a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far”women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death.see a doctor once a year, c ompared t o 57.Why does the a uthor congratulate h is70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.golf course a nd they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average life span has been could happen to him. considerably extended.Then there is the ostrich approach,” C. They have l ived long enough to read some men are scared o f what might be this article.there and would rather not know, ”says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer andDr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the most more regularly than they service their important reason men die five years bodies, ”Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more thanbe addressed by preventive check-ups. womenB. men don ’t seek medical care as often disease because of fearas women 61. What does Cartmill say about regular C. men aren ’t as cautions a s women in check-ups for men?face of danger A.They may increase public expensesD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal B.They will save money in the long rundiseases C.They may cause psychological strains on 59. Which of the following best completes menthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to D.They will enable men to live as long ashim ?’(line2,para,8)? womenA. it could happen to me, too Passage TwoB. I should avoid playing golf Questions 62 to 66 are based on theC. I should consider myself lucky following passage.D. it would be a big misfortune High-quality customer service is60what does Dr. Ross C artmill mean by preached( 宣扬)by many ,but actually”(line q para.9) keeping customers h appy is easier said“the ostrich approach’s health than doneA. a casual attitude towards oneconditions Shoppers seldom complain to the B. a new therapy for certain psychological m anager o r owner of a retail store, b utproblems instead will alert their friends, relatives, C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear co-workers, strangers-and a nyone whoof the pain involved will listen.’s Store m anagers are often the last toD. unwillingness to find out about onehear complaints, and often find out only include f illed parking l ots, cluttered (塞满when their regular customers decide t 了的) shelves, overloaded racks, frequent their competitors, according to a out-of-stock items, long check-out l ines,study jointly conducted b y Verde g roup and rude salespeople.and Wharton school During peak shopping hours, some “Storytelling hurts retailers and retailers s olved t he parking problems by entertains consumers, ”said Paula getting moonlighting （业余兼职的）local”police to work as parking attendants. Courtney, President of the Verde group.the store loses the customer, but the Some hired flag wavers to direct”customers to empty parking s paces. This shopper must also find a replacement.On average, every unhappy customer g uidance eliminated the need forwill complain to at least four other, and customers to circle the parking lotwill no longer visit the specific s tore for endlessly, and avoided confrontationevery dissatisfied c ustomer, a store will between t hose eyeing the same p arkinglose up to three more due to negative space.”Retailers can relieve the headaches by reviews. The resulting “snowball effectcan be disastrous to retailers. redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking According t o the research, shoppers sales items, hiring speedy and who purchased clothing encountered the experienced c ashiers, a nd having salesmost problems. r anked s econd a nd third representatives on hand to answerwere grocery and electronics customers. questions.The most common complaints Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry them.customers. C Few c ustomers believe t he service w ill “Retailers w ho ’re responsive and be improved.friendly are more likely to smooth over D Customers have no easy access to store’t so friendly. ”managers.issues than those who arensaid Professor S tephen H och. “Maybe 63. What does Paula C ourtney i mply by something as simple a s a greeter at the saying “?the shopper must also find astore entrance would help.”replacement ”(Line 2, Para. 4)?Customers c an also improve future A New customers a re bound to replace shopping experiences by filing complaints o ld ones.to the retailer, instead o f complaining t o B It is not likely the shopper can find thethe rest of the world. Retailers are same products in other stores.hard-pressed to improve when they have C Most stores provide the sameno idea what is wrong. D Not complaining to the manager causes 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答the shopper some trouble too.62. Why are store managers often the last 64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingto hear complaints? police as parking attendants so that A Most customers won ’t bother to shoppers_____complain even if they have had unhappy A can stay longer browsing in the store experiences. B won ’t have trouble parking their cars B Customers w ould rather relate their C won ’t have any worries about security unhappy experiences to people around D can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes m ost to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to_________.A exert pressure o n stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, t he show inspired many top designers t o work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding’re doingthere aren ’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what youand shat your customers are used to, ”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable o nce woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers &Agents stopped(企业家) who charging its participation fee for young greenentrepreneursattend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special r ecognition to designers w hose collections a re at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the”“Mainstream is about to occur, supply of a key sustainable material .says Hahn.分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only Some analysts (18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example o f the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I ’m aware of.”Like most consumers, she finds little time to’t too’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isnshop, and when she does, she’t yet on her mind. But ”By her own admission, green just isnexpensive.––thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliersone day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress u sing sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements f or synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers w ho undertake g reenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .’s attitude toward ecofashion?60. What is Natalie HormillaA) She d oesn ’t seem t o care a bout it. C) S he i s doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn ’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the has lived using a strand(movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.”“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair, said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather p atterns. The chemical composition o frainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofisotopes (同位素) . The heaviestboth elements are also present as heavierraid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic t imeline. Each i nch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling ’s team collected t ap water samples f rom 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. T hey checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples c ollected f rom 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing ( 精确定位),”Cerling said .“It’s good”for eliminating many possibilities.Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton w as found nearGreat Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.”Park said “But it narrows it way down “It’s still a substantial area,for me. ”62. What is the scientists’new discovery?A) One ’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.’s hair may reveal where they have lived.B) A personC) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.”“You’re what you eat and drink63. What does the author mean by(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.’s body tissues.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s existence.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.’s team produce in their research?65. What did CerlingA) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.’s research?66. What is the practical value of CerlingA) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on thepresidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but ’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be selfishly, Iable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American’s attention.woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worldAnd that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close a nd personal w ith the type of African-American woman t hey sorarely see.Usually, t he lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems t o be that we ’re all hot-tempered single’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black mothers who can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed women still can酗酒的) mothers.females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (These images h ave helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features o n regular A frican-American women, l ittle is knownabout who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs’d like to see Michelle bring to the Whitehave written about what theyHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone —an impossible task. B ut for many African-American women沉着), confidence and intelligence will golike me, just a little of her poise (’s been around for far too long.a long way in changing an image that57. Why does Michelle Obama h old a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She w ill present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype o f African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.’t expect to please everybody.C) However hard she tries, she can’s concerns.D) She will give priority to African-American women61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When n ext year ’s crop of high-school g raduates arrive a t Oxford’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew University in the fall of 2009, theyHamilton, the 55-year-old p rovost (教务长) of Yale, w ho ’ll become—a position equivalent to university president Oxford ’s vice-chancellorin America.Hamilton isn ’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, S ingapore, etc, have a lso recently m ade top-level hiresfrom abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive’s gone global. Yet business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only the talent flow isnone direction: outward from America.’t tend to seriously The chief reason is that American schools donconsider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado s earched for a new president, it wanted a leader f amiliar’s budget.with the state government, a major source of the university“We didn ’t do any global consideration, ”says P atricia H ayes, the board ’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old活动家) who is likely to do Colorado businessman and political activist (well in the main task of modern university presidents: f und-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively A merican t hing, since U.S. s chools r ely heavily o n donations. T he fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government f unding. But government s upport has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools a round the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison。

英语四级阅读理解练习题及答案解析英语四级阅读理解练习题原文If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place toplace.Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processesthat cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the oceanby means of evaporation--conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, thesalinity is increased, since the salts staybehind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course,white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水), such as rain, by which water is added tothe ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted(稀释) so that the salinity is decreased. This mayoccur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinitymay be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the additionof fresh water by precipitation or runoff(形成地表水部分的降水).Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhathigher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly,in coastal regions whererivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanicareas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and meltingof sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner,seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the iceappeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surroundingwater.In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of thisfreezingprocess, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is foundin the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.英语四级阅读理解练习题1.The best title of the passage can be “_____”.A.Typical Oceans and Their Respective FeaturesB.The Causes of the Changes in Salinity of Ocean WaterC.Different Oceans Have Different SalinityD.The Precipitation and Evaporation of Oceans2.Which of the following processes will increase salinity of ocean waters?A.Evaporation.B. Precipitation.C. Melting.D. Dilution.3.According to this passage, the sea _ is likely to have the lowest salinity.A. in tropical areasB. off AntarcticaC. of high rainfallD. with abundant4.The Weddell Sea _____.A.is a good example of increased salinity in freezing sea waterB.is much larger in area than the Arctic oceansC.has a much lower salinity now than everD.has the denser water in its upper parts5.Coastal regions are mentioned as cases where _____.A.sea water is less salty because fresh water joins inB.rivers carry industrial exhaust into seaC.sea ice tends to melt more quickly than in the center of oceansD. heavy water sinks to the deeper portions of the oceans英语四级阅读理解练习题答案解析1.[B] 主旨大意题。