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目录1 MSTP故障处理 ·································································································································· 1-11.1 广播风暴故障处理 ····························································································································· 1-11.1.1 故障描述 ································································································································· 1-11.1.2 故障处理流程 ·························································································································· 1-11.1.3 故障处理步骤 ·························································································································· 1-11.2 端口无法快速迁移故障处理··············································································································· 1-21.2.1 故障描述 ································································································································· 1-21.2.2 故障处理流程 ·························································································································· 1-31.2.3 故障处理步骤 ·························································································································· 1-41.3 指定端口长期处于Discarding状态故障处理 ······················································································ 1-51.3.1 故障描述 ································································································································· 1-51.3.2 故障处理流程 ·························································································································· 1-61.3.3 故障处理步骤 ·························································································································· 1-71.4 端口STP DOWN故障处理 ················································································································· 1-81.4.1 故障描述 ································································································································· 1-81.4.2 故障处理流程 ·························································································································· 1-91.4.3 故障处理步骤 ·························································································································· 1-91.5 STP网络流量不稳定故障处理 ········································································································· 1-101.5.1 故障描述 ······························································································································· 1-101.5.2 故障处理流程 ························································································································ 1-111.5.3 故障处理步骤 ························································································································ 1-111.6 设备无法处于同一个MSTP域故障处理···························································································· 1-121.6.1 故障描述 ······························································································································· 1-121.6.2 故障处理流程 ························································································································ 1-121.6.3 故障处理步骤 ························································································································ 1-121.7 故障诊断命令··································································································································· 1-131 MSTP故障处理1.1 广播风暴故障处理1.1.1 故障描述二层网络中存在广播风暴。
MSTP城域网解决方案一、概述MSTP（Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol）城域网解决方案是一种用于构建高可靠性、高性能的局域网的协议。
该解决方案通过使用多个生成树，实现对网络中的数据流进行负载均衡和冗余备份，从而提高网络的可靠性和性能。
二、方案设计1. 网络拓扑设计MSTP城域网解决方案的网络拓扑通常采用分布式结构，包括核心交换机、汇聚交换机和接入交换机。
核心交换机连接多个汇聚交换机，汇聚交换机再连接多个接入交换机，形成一个层次化的网络架构。
2. MSTP配置在MSTP城域网解决方案中，需要对交换机进行相应的配置。
首先，需要为每个交换机指定一个唯一的优先级，以确定根交换机。
其次，需要为每个交换机配置相应的VLAN和端口。
最后，需要进行生成树的配置，包括指定根交换机、生成树优先级以及端口的状态（开启或关闭）等。
三、方案实施1. 设备采购在实施MSTP城域网解决方案之前，需要根据网络规模和需求进行设备采购。
主要包括核心交换机、汇聚交换机和接入交换机等网络设备。
2. 网络建设在网络建设阶段，需要根据网络拓扑设计进行交换机的布置和连接。
同时，需要进行设备的初始化配置，包括IP地址的设置、管理账号的创建等。
3. MSTP配置在MSTP城域网解决方案的实施过程中，需要对交换机进行相应的配置。
首先，需要为每个交换机指定一个唯一的优先级，以确定根交换机。
其次，需要为每个交换机配置相应的VLAN和端口。
最后，需要进行生成树的配置，包括指定根交换机、生成树优先级以及端口的状态（开启或关闭）等。
4. 测试与调优在完成MSTP配置后，需要进行网络的测试与调优。
通过发送数据包、检查链路状态和性能等，验证MSTP城域网解决方案的可靠性和性能。
如果发现问题，需要及时调整配置，以达到最佳的网络性能。
四、方案优势MSTP城域网解决方案具有以下优势：1. 高可靠性：通过多个生成树的冗余备份，当某个链路或交换机发生故障时，网络可以自动切换到备用链路，保证网络的连通性。
迈普S3300系列交换机配置手册手册简介本手册适用于SM3300-28T-AC、SM3300-52T-AC、SM3300-28TP-AC、SM3300-52TP-AC。
本手册由两部分组成：《迈普S3300系列交换机操作手册》、《迈普S3300系列交换机命令手册》。
手册内容简介《迈普S3300系列交换机操作手册》01_基本管理操作交换机的配置管理方式和对应的基本配置，包括带外管理、SNMP管理、telnet管理、web管理，软件升级方法，集群网管配置。
02_端口操作以太网端口、端口隔离、端口汇聚的操作、ULDP、LLDP以及JUMBO的配置。
03_VLAN和MAC 地址操作VLAN、private VLAN、GVRP、QinQ、VLAN-translation 、动态VLAN。
MAC地址表配置，包括MAC地址绑定和MAC 地址过滤。
04_MSTP操作STP、MSTP的配置。
05_Qos、PBR及基于流的重定向操作COS、TOS、DSCP优先级配置，数据分类和转发策略的配置、IPv6 QOS的配置和使用。
06_三层转发及ARP 操作IPv4/v6接口配置，IPv6各种隧道配置，ARP配置，ARP 、ND绑定配置，防ARP扫描配置，免费ARP功能配置，ND Snooping配置。
07_DHCP及相关操作DHCP配置，DHCP option82配置以及DHCP Snooping配置，DHCPv6 Snooping配置。
08_路由协议操作IPv4/v6的各种路由协议，包括RIP、RIPng、RIP路由聚合、IPv4/v6黑洞路由以及静态路由配置。
09_组播协议操作IGMP Snooping、MLDV2-snooping、组播VLAN。
10_安全功能操作IP ACL、扩展的IP ACL、MAC ACL、MAC-IP ACL、IPv6 ACL的配置，802.1x协议的配置，端口、VLAN中MAC、IP数量限制功能配置，TACACS+配置。
mstp知识点汇总MSTP（Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol）是一种用于交换机网络中的冗余路径选择的协议。
它可以有效地解决网络中的环路问题，并提供快速的故障恢复能力。
本文将对MSTP的知识点进行汇总，包括MSTP的基本原理、配置方法以及优势等。
一、MSTP的基本原理MSTP是基于IEEE 802.1Q标准的一种冗余路径选择协议，它通过构建多个生成树来实现环路的消除。
MSTP使用了一种称为RSTP （Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol）的快速生成树协议来计算生成树，同时允许多个生成树的存在，这些生成树可以根据网络的拓扑结构进行划分。
二、MSTP的配置方法1. 配置根桥：在MSTP网络中，根桥是生成树的根节点，负责计算生成树的路径。
可以通过配置根桥的优先级来确定根桥。
优先级越低的交换机将成为根桥。
2. 配置生成树实例：MSTP支持同时存在多个生成树实例，每个实例可以独立配置。
可以通过命令行或者图形界面来配置生成树实例，并指定对应的VLAN。
3. 配置端口角色：MSTP中的端口可以分为根端口、指定端口和替代端口三种角色。
根端口是直接连接到根桥的端口，指定端口是连接到其他交换机的端口，替代端口是备用的路径。
可以通过配置端口的优先级来确定端口的角色。
三、MSTP的优势1. 冗余路径选择：MSTP可以构建多个生成树，通过选择最佳路径来提供冗余和容错能力，确保网络的可靠性和稳定性。
2. 快速收敛：MSTP使用RSTP协议计算生成树，可以在网络发生故障时快速收敛，减少网络中断时间。
3. 灵活性：MSTP可以根据网络的拓扑结构进行生成树的划分，可以更好地适应不同规模和复杂度的网络环境。
4. 可扩展性：MSTP支持多个生成树实例，可以根据需求配置不同的实例，提供更多的灵活性和可扩展性。
5. 兼容性：MSTP基于IEEE 802.1Q标准，与其他兼容该标准的设备和协议兼容，可以与现有网络设备无缝集成。
目录1 MSTP配置命令..................................................................................................................................1-11.1 MSTP配置命令..................................................................................................................................1-11.1.1 active region-configuration.....................................................................................................1-11.1.2 bpdu-drop any........................................................................................................................1-11.1.3 check region-configuration.....................................................................................................1-21.1.4 display stp...............................................................................................................................1-31.1.5 display stp abnormal-port.......................................................................................................1-81.1.6 display stp down-port.............................................................................................................1-91.1.7 display stp history...................................................................................................................1-91.1.8 display stp region-configuration............................................................................................1-111.1.9 display stp root.....................................................................................................................1-111.1.10 display stp tc.......................................................................................................................1-121.1.11 instance..............................................................................................................................1-131.1.12 region-name.......................................................................................................................1-141.1.13 reset stp..............................................................................................................................1-151.1.14 revision-level.......................................................................................................................1-151.1.15 stp bpdu-protection.............................................................................................................1-161.1.16 stp bridge-diameter............................................................................................................1-161.1.17 stp compliance....................................................................................................................1-171.1.18 stp config-digest-snooping.................................................................................................1-181.1.19 stp cost...............................................................................................................................1-191.1.20 stp edged-port....................................................................................................................1-201.1.21 stp enable...........................................................................................................................1-201.1.22 stp loop-protection..............................................................................................................1-211.1.23 stp max-hops......................................................................................................................1-221.1.24 stp mcheck.........................................................................................................................1-231.1.25 stp mode.............................................................................................................................1-231.1.26 stp no-agreement-check.....................................................................................................1-241.1.27 stp pathcost-standard.........................................................................................................1-251.1.28 stp point-to-point.................................................................................................................1-261.1.29 stp port priority....................................................................................................................1-271.1.30 stp port-log..........................................................................................................................1-281.1.31 stp priority...........................................................................................................................1-291.1.32 stp region-configuration......................................................................................................1-291.1.33 stp root primary...................................................................................................................1-301.1.34 stp root secondary..............................................................................................................1-311.1.35 stp root-protection..............................................................................................................1-311.1.36 stp tc-protection..................................................................................................................1-321.1.37 stp tc-protection threshold..................................................................................................1-321.1.38 stp timer forward-delay.......................................................................................................1-331.1.39 stp timer hello.....................................................................................................................1-341.1.40 stp timer max-age...............................................................................................................1-351.1.41 stp timer-factor....................................................................................................................1-351.1.42 stp transmit-limit.................................................................................................................1-361.1.43 vlan-mapping modulo.........................................................................................................1-371 MSTP配置命令1.1 MSTP配置命令1.1.1 active region-configuration【命令】active region-configuration【视图】MST域视图【缺省级别】2：系统级【参数】无【描述】active region-configuration命令用来激活MST域的配置。
目录1 MSTP配置命令 .................................................................................................................................... 1-11.1 MSTP配置命令................................................................................................................................. 1-11.1.1 active region-configuration ..................................................................................................... 1-11.1.2 check region-configuration ..................................................................................................... 1-11.1.3 display stp............................................................................................................................... 1-21.1.4 display stp abnormal-port....................................................................................................... 1-51.1.5 display stp down-port ............................................................................................................. 1-61.1.6 display stp history................................................................................................................... 1-71.1.7 display stp ignored-vlan.......................................................................................................... 1-81.1.8 display stp region-configuration.............................................................................................. 1-81.1.9 display stp root ....................................................................................................................... 1-91.1.10 display stp tc....................................................................................................................... 1-101.1.11 instance .............................................................................................................................. 1-111.1.12 region-name ....................................................................................................................... 1-121.1.13 reset stp.............................................................................................................................. 1-121.1.14 revision-level....................................................................................................................... 1-131.1.15 stp....................................................................................................................................... 1-141.1.16 stp bpdu-protection............................................................................................................. 1-151.1.17 stp bridge-diameter ............................................................................................................ 1-151.1.18 stp compliance.................................................................................................................... 1-161.1.19 stp config-digest-snooping ................................................................................................. 1-171.1.20 stp cost ............................................................................................................................... 1-181.1.21 stp edged-port .................................................................................................................... 1-191.1.22 stp ignored vlan .................................................................................................................. 1-201.1.23 stp loop-protection.............................................................................................................. 1-201.1.24 stp max-hops...................................................................................................................... 1-211.1.25 stp mcheck ......................................................................................................................... 1-221.1.26 stp mode............................................................................................................................. 1-231.1.27 stp no-agreement-check..................................................................................................... 1-231.1.28 stp pathcost-standard......................................................................................................... 1-241.1.29 stp point-to-point................................................................................................................. 1-251.1.30 stp port priority.................................................................................................................... 1-261.1.31 stp port-log.......................................................................................................................... 1-271.1.32 stp priority........................................................................................................................... 1-281.1.33 stp region-configuration...................................................................................................... 1-291.1.34 stp root primary................................................................................................................... 1-291.1.35 stp root secondary.............................................................................................................. 1-301.1.36 stp root-protection .............................................................................................................. 1-311.1.37 stp tc-protection.................................................................................................................. 1-311.1.38 stp tc-protection threshold.................................................................................................. 1-321.1.39 stp timer forward-delay....................................................................................................... 1-331.1.40 stp timer hello ..................................................................................................................... 1-331.1.41 stp timer max-age............................................................................................................... 1-341.1.42 stp timer-factor.................................................................................................................... 1-351.1.43 stp transmit-limit ................................................................................................................. 1-361.1.44 vlan-mapping modulo......................................................................................................... 1-371 MSTP配置命令1.1 MSTP配置命令1.1.1 active region-configuration【命令】active region-configuration【视图】MST域视图【缺省级别】2：系统级【参数】无【描述】active region-configuration命令用来激活MST域的配置。
MSTP培训教程一、引言MSTP（Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol，多树协议）是一种网络协议，用于在复杂的网络环境中实现冗余链路的优化，提高网络的可靠性和稳定性。
本教程旨在帮助读者了解MSTP的基本原理、配置方法和应用场景，从而在实际工作中更好地运用MSTP技术。
二、MSTP基本原理1. 树协议概述树协议（Spanning Tree Protocol，STP）是一种链路层协议，用于在存在环路的网络环境中，自动选择一条最优路径，确保数据包能够正确地从一个节点传输到另一个节点，同时避免数据包在网络中无限循环。
2. MSTP概述MSTP是树协议的一种扩展，它允许多个树在同一个网络中运行，从而实现不同VLAN之间的数据隔离。
MSTP通过将网络划分为多个区域（Region），并为每个区域配置一个独立的树实例，使得网络中的冗余链路得到充分利用，提高了网络的可靠性和稳定性。
3. MSTP关键概念（1）Region：一个Region是一组交换机及其连接的网段，它们共同构成一个广播域。
在MSTP中，每个Region都有一个唯一的Region标识符（Region ID）。
（2）实例（Instance）：在MSTP中，每个树实例都对应一个唯一的实例标识符（Instance ID）。
每个实例负责一组VLAN的转发，这些VLAN被称为实例VLAN（Instance VLAN）。
（3）根桥（Root Bridge）：在MSTP中，每个树实例都有一个根桥，它是该实例中所有交换机的逻辑中心。
根桥负责维护树的状态信息，并根据这些信息计算最优路径。
三、MSTP配置方法1. 配置MSTP（1）开启MSTP：在交换机上执行“stp enable”命令，开启MSTP功能。
（2）配置Region：执行“stp region-configuration”命令，进入Region配置模式，设置Region名称、版本和实例VLAN映射表。
mstp报文详解（实用版）目录1.MSTP 概述2.MSTP 报文结构3.MSTP 报文类型及功能4.MSTP 报文实例分析正文一、MSTP 概述MSTP（Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol）即多实例生成树协议，是一种用于在局域网中防止环路的协议。
通过 MSTP 协议，可以在保证网络安全性的同时，实现网络的负载均衡，提高网络的性能。
二、MSTP 报文结构MSTP 报文主要包括以下几种类型：配置报文（Config）、切接报文（Cut）、连接报文（Join）、断开报文（Discard）、通知报文（通告）和消息报文（Message）。
这些报文均采用固定长度的前导码和后导码，以及6 字节的协议标识符来标识 MSTP 协议。
三、MSTP 报文类型及功能1.配置报文（Config）：用于在 MSTP 协议的邻居设备之间交换配置信息，包括 Hello 报文、MaxAge 报文、HelloInterval 报文、ForwardDelay 报文等。
2.切接报文（Cut）：用于通知邻居设备某个端口已经从 MSTP 协议中的一个实例切换到另一个实例。
3.连接报文（Join）：用于请求邻居设备将某个端口连接到 MSTP 协议的实例中。
4.断开报文（Discard）：用于通知邻居设备某个端口已经从 MSTP 协议的实例中断开。
5.通知报文（通告）：用于向邻居设备通告某个端口所连接的 MSTP 协议实例的状态信息。
6.消息报文（Message）：用于在 MSTP 协议的邻居设备之间传输其他类型的信息，如 BPDU（Bridge Protocol Data Units）等。
四、MSTP 报文实例分析以配置报文（Config）为例，其主要包含以下字段：1.前导码：用于标识报文的开始，长度为 8 字节。
2.协议标识符：占用 6 字节，固定值为 0x00000001，表示 MSTP 协议。
3.Version：用于表示 MSTP 协议的版本号，占用 1 字节，取值范围为 0-255。
RSTP及MSTP配置教程•引言•RSTP配置基础•MSTP配置基础•RSTP与MSTP比较目录•RSTP与MSTP配置实例•配置优化与故障排除•总结与展望01引言目的和背景满足网络需求随着企业网络的日益复杂，对网络的可靠性和性能要求也越来越高。
RSTP（快速生成树协议）和MSTP（多生成树协议）作为网络协议，能够提高网络的稳定性和性能，满足企业不断增长的网络需求。
提高网络可靠性RSTP和MSTP通过消除网络中的环路，避免了广播风暴和资源浪费，从而提高了网络的可靠性。
优化网络性能通过合理配置RSTP和MSTP，可以优化网络性能，减少网络拥塞和延迟，提高数据传输效率。
基本概念介绍配置步骤详解配置实例分析故障排除与优化建议教程范围本教程将首先介绍RSTP和MSTP 的基本概念、工作原理和优势。
通过具体的配置实例，分析RSTP和MSTP在实际网络环境中的应用和效果。
详细阐述如何在网络设备（如交换机、路由器等）上配置RSTP 和MSTP，包括具体的配置命令和步骤。
提供RSTP和MSTP配置过程中可能出现的故障排除方法，以及针对网络性能优化的建议。
02 RSTP配置基础RSTP（Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol）即快速生成树协议，是一种网络协议，该协议可应用于在网络中建立树形拓扑，消除二层环路，并且在网络结构发生变化时，能迅速的恢复网络的连通性。
RSTP相比STP（Spanning Tree Protocol），在网络结构发生变化时，能更快的收敛网络，恢复网络的连通性，提高了网络的稳定性和可用性。
RSTP概述VS配置前准备确定网络拓扑结构在进行RSTP配置之前，需要明确网络的拓扑结构，包括网络中的设备、链路以及设备的连接关系等。
选择根桥和备份根桥在配置RSTP时，需要选择网络中的一台设备作为根桥，其他设备作为非根桥。
同时，为了提高网络的可靠性，还需要选择一台设备作为备份根桥。
确定端口角色根据网络拓扑和设备连接关系，确定每个设备上端口的角色，包括根端口、指定端口、替代端口和备份端口等。
MSTP命令目录目录第1章 MSTP命令...............................................................................1-11.1 MSTP配置命令介绍...................................................................................1-11.1.1 abort....................................................................................................................1-11.1.2 exit.......................................................................................................................1-11.1.3 instance vlan.......................................................................................................1-11.1.4 name....................................................................................................................1-21.1.5 revision-level.......................................................................................................1-21.1.6 spanning-tree......................................................................................................1-21.1.7 spanning-tree forward-time..............................................................................1-31.1.8 spanning-tree hello-time....................................................................................1-31.1.9 spanning-tree link-type p2p...............................................................................1-31.1.10 spanning-tree maxage......................................................................................1-41.1.11 spanning-tree max-hop....................................................................................1-41.1.12 spanning-tree mcheck......................................................................................1-41.1.13 spanning-tree mode..........................................................................................1-51.1.14 spanning-tree mst configuration.....................................................................1-51.1.15 spanning-tree mst cost.....................................................................................1-61.1.16 spanning-tree mst port-priority......................................................................1-61.1.17 spanning-tree mst priority...............................................................................1-71.1.18 spanning-tree mst rootGuard..........................................................................1-71.1.19 spanning-tree portfast......................................................................................1-71.1.20 spanning-tree priority......................................................................................1-81.1.21 spanning-tree format........................................................................................1-81.1.22 spanning-tree digest-snooping.........................................................................1-91.1.23 spanning-tree tcflush (全局模式)....................................................................1-91.1.24 spanning-tree tcflush (端口模式)..................................................................1-101.2 监测和调试命令.......................................................................................1-101.2.1 show spanning-tree...........................................................................................1-101.2.2 show spanning-tree mst config........................................................................1-121.2.3 show mst-pending.............................................................................................1-131.2.4 debug spanning-tree.........................................................................................1-13第1章 MSTP命令1.1 MSTP配置命令介绍1.1.1 abort命令：abort功能：放弃本次对MSTP域的配置，并且退出MST配置模式回到全局配置模式。
命令模式：MSTP域配置模式。
使用指南：当使用本命令退出MST配置模式时，本次对MSTP域做的配置不生效，生效的仍然是前一次保留MSTP域配置。
举例：退出MST配置模式，并且不保留本次配置。
Switch(Config-Mstp-Region)#abortSwitch(config)#1.1.2 exit命令：exit功能：保存本次对MSTP域的配置，并且退出MSTP域配置模式回到全局配置模式。
命令模式：MSTP域配置模式。
使用指南：当使用本命令退出MST配置模式时，本次对MSTP域做的配置即时生效。
举例：退出MST配置模式，并且保留本次配置。
Switch(Config-Mstp-Region)#exitSwitch(config)#1.1.3 instance vlan命令：instance <instance-id> vlan <vlan-list>no instance <instance-id> [vlan <vlan-list>]功能：在MSTP域配置模式下，创建Instance及配置VLAN与Instance的映射关系或添加VLAN表项与指定Instance映射关系；本命令的no操作为删除指定的Instance或删除某些VLAN表项与指定Instance的映射关系。
参数：对于非no命令，<instance-id>为Instance号，取值范围为0~48；对于no命令，<instance-id>为Instance号，取值范围为1-48。
<vlan-list>为连续的或不连续的VLAN号，支持表示连续的“-”符号和不连续的“;”符号。
命令模式：MSTP域配置模式。
