英语写作教程第四讲

英语写作教程 English Writing Course Lecture 4. Narration第四讲:记叙文写作吉林化工学院外国语学院副教授：林罡请参考教材《英语写作基础教程（第三版）》第六章二零一三年六月Lecture 4 Narration (1)Prewriting: Free Writing (1)Activity: Freewriting about a memorable event or experience in your life (2)Part I. Organisation: Narration – Time Order (4)Time order words and phrases (5)Writing Practice One. Time Order Words (6)Writing Practice Two. Time Order Paragraph (8)Part II. Grammar and Mechanics – Simple Present Tense and Adverbs of Frequency (9)Simple Present Tenses (11)Position of Adverbs of Frequency (11)Practice 1: Simple Present Tense and Adverb Frequency (12)Comma Rules (15)Practice 2: Punctuation – comma rules (16)Writing Task 1: A Traditional Wedding (17)Part III. Sentence Structure: Compound Sentences (18)Questions on the model (19)Compound Sentences (19)Practice 3. Compound Sentences: with, and, or, but, so (20)Writing Task 2. Sentence Combining (22)Part IV The Writing Portfolio (24)STEP 1. Prewrite to get ideas (24)STEP 2. Organize the ideas (24)STEP 3. Write the Rough Draft. (24)STEP 4. Edit the Rough Draft (25)STEP 5. Write the Second Draft (26)STEP 6. Write the Final Draft. (26)Part V. Vocabulary to Enhance your Writing (26)Lecture 4 NarrationIn this lecture, you will concentrate on writing narration, a kind of writing in which you report events. In the first part of the lecture, you will write about an event or experience that happened to you in the past. In the second part, you will write about the traditional events of a wedding.Prewriting: Free WritingFreewriting is a way first to get and then to develop ideas. When you freewrite, you write “freely” – without stopping – on a topic for a specific amount of time. You just write down sentences as you think of them without worrying about whether your sentences are correct or not. Y ou also don’t have to punctuate sentences or capitalize words. Y ou can even write incomplete sentences or phrases. The main goal in freewriting is to keep your pencil moving across the paper.Now look at this student’s example of freewriting on the topic “A Memorable Even in my life”The student freewrote until he found a good topic: the earthquake. If he had wanted to, he could have done further freewriting about his earthquake experience to develop this topic.Activity: Freewriting about a memorable event or experience in yourlifeNow you try it. Freewrite about a memorable event or experience in your life. This might be a happy day, a sad event, an embarrassing moment, an interesting trip, or a frightening experience. Write for about ten minutes without stopping. If you find a topic during your freewriting, continue freewriting on that topic. If you already have a topic in mind before you start, freewrite on that topic for ten minutes to develop your ideas about it.Save your freewriting. You will use it later to write a paragraph in Part IV.Questions on the model1.How many time divisions are in the model essay? What are they?2.How many paragraphs are in the model essay? What time words or phrases begineach paragraph? Circle them.Part I. Organisation: Narration – Time OrderNarration is story writing. When you write a narrative paragraph or essay, you write about events in the order that they happened. In other words, you use time order to organize your sentences.In the model essay, the writer used time order to divide the essay into paragraphs. First, he wrote about what he and his family were doing just before the earthquake. Then he wrote about what happened during the earthquake. Next he wrote about what they did immediately after the earthquake. In the fourth paragraph, he wrote about his parents’ arrival home two hours later.An outline of the essay would look like this:I.Introduction: before the earthquakeII.Bodya)During the earthquakeb)After the earthquakec)Two hours after the earthquakeIII.ConclusionTime order words and phrasesTime order words and phrases are usually followed by a comma if they come at the beginning of a sentence. Then and now are usually not followed by a comma.Study the model essay, draw a circle around all of the time order words and phrases you find, and add any new ones to the list on the form above.Writing Practice One. Time Order WordsWriting Practice Two. Time Order ParagraphWrite the sentences from the proceding exercise as single paragraph. Try to make your paragraphs flow smoothly by using these three techniques:(1)Add time order words or phrases at the beginning of some of the sentences(2)Combine some of the sentences to form simple sentences with compound verbs(3)Change nouns to pronouns where possible.Part II. Grammar and Mechanics – Simple Present Tense and Adverbs of FrequencyAs you read the model essay, notice the verb tenses:Simple Present TensesPosition of Adverbs of FrequencyPractice 1: Simple Present Tense and Adverb FrequencyB. Choose a classmate from a different region from your own and ask each other questions about traditional weddings in your regions. Ask the following questions and other questions of your own. Use the simple present tense and different adverbs of frequency in your answers.1. When do wedding often take place in your region (eg. He Nan Province)?2. Do weddings usually take place in the morning?3. Do they ever take place at night?4. Where do they usually take place? Do they ever take place anywhere else?5. What colour id the bride’s dress? Is it always that colour?6. What else does the bride traditionally wear?7. What does the groom wear?8. Who sometimes cries at the wedding? Who rarely cries?9. Is there a party after the wedding?10. Where is the party usually held?11. What happens at the party?12. What kind of food and drinks are served?13. Are weddings expensive in your area?14. Who pays for wedding in your area?15. Do the couple often or seldom pay for their own wedding?Any other related questions are accepted.Comma RulesPractice 2: Punctuation – comma rulesWriting Task 1: A Traditional WeddingUse the answers of Practice 1-B, and write two paragraphs telling about a traditional wedding in a classmate’s region.Part III. Sentence Structure: Compound SentencesThe model for this section is a folktale. A folktale is a traditional story that had been passed down orally from one generation to the next until someone finally wrote it down. Every culture is rich in folktales. This one is from France.Questions on the model1.What kind of order does this folktale use?2.Underline the time words and phrases in the narration and add any new ones toyour list.Compound SentencesPractice 3. Compound Sentences: with, and, or, but, soA.Draw a circle around all of the coordinating conjunctions in the story aboutMonsieur Seguin’s Goat. Explain why some of them have commas, but others don’t.B.Decide which of the following are compound sentences and which are simplesentences. Write CS or SS in the space at the left. Then add commas to the compound sentences.Writing Task 2. Sentence CombiningPart IV The Writing PortfolioNow let’s complete the writing process you began at the beginning of this lecture. Write a composition of one or more paragraphs about a memorable event or a memorable experience in your life. Follow these steps to write a good composition.STEP 1. Prewrite to get ideasThis was the freewriting you did at the beginning of this Lecture.STEP 2. Organize the ideasPut the events into time order: make a list of the vents or number them on your freewriting paper. Use this list to guide you as you writeMake a list of ideas in the order that you will write about them. You will use this list to guide you as you write.STEP 3. Write the Rough Draft.Write SECOND DRAFT at the top of your WWJ (Weekly Writing Journal). Write the second draft of your composition. Then ask your partner to proofreading.STEP 6. Write the Final Draft.After your partner returns your composition, write a neat final copy to hand in for final evaluation. Write Final Draft at the top of your paper.Part V. Vocabulary to Enhance your WritingAid with your English-English dictionary to study the following pairs of words, and then write out the difference.1.normal – ordinaryI’m not looking for anything fancy, just a normal kettle.I’m just an ordinary person.2.Skin – complexionI got so sunburnt that my skin that my skin is peeling.Drinking a lot of water is good for the complexion.3.noticed – remarkedI’ve noticed that there are more butterflies this year.“You’re looking very well!” she remarked.4.office – studyReuters is a big agency with offices all over the world.I’ll have a bigger study in my new apartment.5.game – toyLet’s play a game of hide-and-seek.Alice got a new toy for her birthday.ck – needHis real problem is that he lacks confidence.We need an hour to get to the airport.7.wet – dampDon’t sit on that bench. The paint is still wet.You shouldn’t wear that shirt if it’s still damp. ANSWERS FOR LAST WEEK’S VOCABULARY STUDIES29。