第二章纳米材料基本效应PPT课件
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Some Novel Properties of Nanomaterialsz zChapter 2Effects and Properties of NanomaterialsOpaque substances become transparent (copper); Stable materials turn combustible (aluminum); Insoluble materials become soluble (gold). A material such as gold, which is chemically inert at normal scales, can serve as a potent (有力的,有效 的)chemical catalyst at nanoscales.z zEffects and Properties of NanomaterialsWhy materials at nanoscale have different properties?EngineerednanomaterialsarematerialsIncreased relative surface areaNanomaterials have a much greater surface area to volume ratio than their conventional forms, which can lead to greater chemical reactivity and affect their strength.designed at the molecular (nanometer) level to take advantage of their small size and novel properties which are generally not seen in their conventional, bulk counterparts.Quantum effectsAt nanoscale, quantum effects can become much more important in determining the materials properties and characteristics, leading to novel optical, electrical and magnetic behaviors.1. 表面效应 (surface area effect)表面原子数相对总原子数Surface area effect100 80球形颗粒的表面积与直径的平方成正比,其体积与直径的 立方成正比,故其比表面积(表面积/体积)与直径成反 比。