英语演讲及辩论教学大纲与计划3

《英语演讲及辩论》课程大纲和要求总学时：36 学时，周学时2，共上16周。

教材：社会热点问题参考教材：名人演讲---响彻世界的声音任课教师：辛柯教授教学目标：本课程是为英语专业高年级学生开设的，其目的是培养高年纪学生较强的英语讲演和辩论能力、较高层次的听力、写作能力、思辨能力和多层次分析问题的能力，并扩大知识面和词汇量。

教学要求：1、学生通过听大量英语名人演讲磁带和阅读有关英语演讲材料，掌握演讲文体的篇章特点，韵律节奏等。

2、学生根据教师所给定的主题(主要是社会热点问题)，写出自己的讲稿（500~800词），在课后能熟练背诵，在班上演讲（5~7分钟），并回答教师与同学围绕该主题所提的问题。

3、要求学生就相关主题写讲稿之前，大量阅读国内外英文报纸或杂志、或听英文广播，或在互联网上搜寻资料；对有些观点不能人云亦云，要从各个层面分析问题，得出具有个人特点、令人信服的结论。

4、学生根据同一主题，分正反两方写出演讲稿，由正反方两方选出代表，进行辩论。

由学生投票选出胜方。

或者根据社会热点问题举行模拟记者招待会,有记者对主持人提问。

5、每学期每人要写8~10篇演讲稿。

6、要求学生课后反复听课文所配录音磁带，并背诵部分段落。

考试要求：期末根据本学期所给定的8-10个主题，教师对每一位学生指定或由学生选定主题准备一篇讲演稿或辩论稿。

在演讲之前，抓阄决定每人的演讲或辩论次序，由教师和三名学生担当的评委打分。

成绩：参与课堂活动的表现占总分的30%，完成作业情况占20%，上课考勤占10%，期末考试成绩占40%，其中笔试（根据所给主题写的讲演稿）占20%，面对面和老师/学生辩论或讨论占20%。

序言语言表达能力是一个人总体能力中非常重要的一部分，是一个人逻辑思维能力、理性分析能力、组织能力、决策能力、感召能力、个人魅力的总体表现。

而语言表达中的幽默、哲理又是一个人智慧的体现。

在公众面前发表演讲是衡量一个人语言运用能力的重要标志。

能用英语和他人就一个主题进行辩论是外语学习较高层次的要求；写演讲稿也是写作的高层次要求，因为演讲稿是一种特殊的文体，从用词、修辞、句子结构到篇章结构都有严格的要求。

从不同的方位和各个层次把问题分析得有条有理，给听众提供信服的证据和结论也是演讲家必备的能之一。

高等教育不仅要培养工程师、教师、科学家、医生、各种管理人员，同时培养企业领导人、国家领导人以及雄辩的演讲家和辩论家也是高等教育的目标之一.要培养良好的语言表达能力需要大量的语言操练和科学思维的训练, 同时要加强背诵讲稿的能力。

里根总统在当演员是就练成了非凡的记忆力。

演讲时配合得当的手势、恰如其分的面部表情，以及清晰的发音，准确的句子和词的重音都是需要长期训练的。

Basic requirements for Public Speech and DebateSpeeches are not magic. A speech is a combination of information and opinion written on paper and spoken. If you can have a thoughtful conversation, you canwrite and give a thoughtful speech. This is just one more reason why spoken English is so important. The following are the basic requirements for a public speech.1.The speech should focus on one topic so that the audience can easilyget the gist. The speech that covers too many thoughts, opinions orideas could only confuse the audience.2.No speech should last more than 20 minutes. The more important themessage, the less time required to say it. The more you speak, themore boring the audient find it is. In other words, the shorter yourspeech is, the more easily it can be remembered! The GettysburgAddress given by President Lincoln lasted only about 3 minutes.plicated sentence patterns should be avoided. And parallelstructure may very often produce amazing effect.4.Choose your words carefully. It’s important to remember that yourwords must be hearable and comprehensible the first time they arespoken.5. A clear pronunciation is necessary since a lot of words sound alike andthe speaker has to give a distinct pronunciation of every word, butsometimes he has to speak very slowly, sometimes very quickly withexciting rhythm.6.With the help of gesture, the speaker sometimes has to invite theaudience for participation, resulting in an exciting atmosphere.7.Humor is vital. Every speech needs it, and you need it, too, probablyat the top. Ronald Reagan always wanted a joke at the beginning of aspeech because he needed the quick victory of laughter. It helped himrelax. It also helped the audience relax.8.While debating with others, the most important is to collectconvincing facts or data to support your point of view and come to aconvincing conclusion.9.Debating is an art that needs techniques as well as intensive training.The rational analysis of the question concerned and a quick responseare based on the participant’s wide range of knowledge.10.Don’t forget to say thanks. Say your thanks in the manner or with thetone. Offer a compliment or a warm word whenever you can.英语演讲及辩论课程计划Teaching PlanThis semester we are to have 8 topics for public speech and debate and 4 press conferences. And each topic covers 4 hours; for the first 2 hours, students are divided into small groups (each consisting 4) and discuss the questions given on the topic. After class, they have to collect information on the topic through internet or by reading English newspapers. Then they have to write a speech of 800 to 1000 words. For the second 2 hours, students have to deliver their speeches, with each speech lasting for about 10 to 15 minutes. Then the speaker has to answer the questions raised by their peers and try to defend his/her view.The four press conferences are held in class but preparation is to be done after class, based on the topics given by the instructor or selected by students themselves. Each press conference needs 3 speakers, one standing for an expert in a specific academic field, another for government official, the other for organizer of the press conference. Each speaker has to deliver a short speech concerning the topic given and be ready to answer the questions raised by their peers. The preparation covers the collection of information from internet, reading newspapers, listening to the radios or discussion among students.Week 1 to 2: Topics: Urbanization in China（A constant migrant army of farmers from rural areas into urban areas, advantages and disadvantages 从乡村大量流入大城市的农民工给社会发展都带来了那些好处和弊端？）Questions to be discussed:1.What are the advantages of a constant flow of farmers fromcountryside into cities? What are the major contributionsthat the migrating farmers have made in your view?2.What are the disadvantages caused by the migratingfarmers? Which one do you think that has the biggestpotential danger?3.What can government at different levels do when so manyfarmers can not get their regular pay?4.Why do so many city people look down them while theybenefit a lot from these migrating farmers?5.Why is it inevitable to stop this constant flow of farmersduring the process of our urbanization and modernization?6.What are the main features of Chinese urbanization?Week 3 to 4：Topics：Marriage and divorce (The rising divorce rates, the development of man’s civilization or the decline of man’s moral standard 中国目前持高不下的离婚率是人类文明的进步还是人们道德水准的下降？）Question to be discussed:1.What are the main factors that caused divorce in Chinanow? Which one do you think is more important thanothers?2.Why does our society become so tolerate to the thirdpartner in the marriage in China now?3.Why does cohabitation (同居) becomes so popular in Chinanow?4.Why do students from single parent family tend to havemental problems? What help can we offer?5.Why does economic booming in China triggers risingdivorce while in Western society economic depressionresults in divorce booming?（for reference）6.Who are hurt most in the divorce? The parents of thosewho are involved? Or the wife? Or the children? Why?7.Why do governments at different levels adapt manypolicies to protect children’benefits when their parentsdivorce? Why do children whose parents are not illegallymarried share the same benefits as other children whentheir parents parted?Marriage is, of course based on love but that does not necessarily mean that when love has gone the marriage is over. Marriage needs nourishing. It needs mutual trust, loyalty, understanding, consideration, patience, devotion as well as sacrifice.Week 5 to 6: Topic: Smoking, an enjoyment or slow suicide (抽烟是一种享受还是一种慢性自杀？)Questions to be discussed:1．Why does the number of smokers, especially teenagers, keep rising dramatically in China while it drops down sharply in developed countries?2．Why does governments warn people of the danger of smoking while encourage farmers to grow more tobaccos and manufacturers to produce more cigarettes?3．Why do so many medical doctors keep smoking even if they know many of their patients die of smoking related diseases?4．Why do so many college students keep smoking even if they don’t have any income?5．If one of your family members smokes what hazards can it bring to the family? What can you do to help him/her quit smoking?6．Why does governments at different levels ban smoking in public places? What effective measures can be taken to do it?7．Why is difficult to detect smoking related diseases, such as lung cancers?8．If your spouse is a heavy smoker, what can you do help him/her? And if all that fails, what can you do?Week 7 To 8: Topics: Develop public transportation or private cars （在中国目前经济条件下，发展公交好还是发展私人小汽车好？）1.What benefits can we get when we try to develop car industry?2.What problems are caused by the development of car industry?3.Why do many people insist that we should develop publictransportation first?4.Is it reasonable for many young couples to save money to buy privatecars even if the price of gasoline keeps rising? Why?5.What is the possibility of replacing gasoline by other forms of cleanenergy?6.Why does government set very strict penalty for drunk driving?7.What does the term “car culture mean”? What is difference betweenAmerican and Chinese Car Culture?Week 9 to 10: Economic development and environment protection (经济发展与环境保护是否相互矛盾？)Questions to be discussed?1.Is it contradictory to develop our economy and improve our livingstandard while focusing on the protection of our environment? Why?2.What facts cause the global warming? What bad effects can we predict?3.What does the policy of sustainable economic development really mean?4.What can we learn from the developed countries when they seriouslypolluted their environment during industrial revolution?5. How can we establish a friendly relationship between man and itsenvironment?Week 11 to 12: Pet Animals, Benefits and Problems(宠物给社会带来的好处多余弊端，还是问题多余好处1. Can you list the main reasons why so many people raise pet animals athome? Do you think that our society is so affluent that we can affordwhat pet animals need?2. What benefits do pet animals bring in? What kinds of people are likelyto raise pet animals? What kind of pet animals do they raise?3. What problems do pet animals cause? How do we handle theseproblems? What is the correct attitude towards pet animals and theirowners in our society?4. It is reasonable for college students to raise pet animals at dorm? If yes,why? If no, why? What does school discipline say about it?5. Rabies (hydrophobia 狂犬病) is a deadly disease spread by pet animals,but why do so many people risk their life to keep pet animals? Whatdiseases do man and animals share?6．Why does pet animals’ dropping become one of the biggest concerns for every big city across the world? What are your suggestions for it?Week 13 to 14: Topic: Facing a shrinking job market, what can we （job hunters）do？(大学毕业生如何面对紧缩的人才市场？)Questions to be discussed:1.Why do so many people blame the development of hi-tech for shrinkingjob markets? Do you think that is reasonable?2.Do you think there is a striking gap between what you learnt in theuniversity and what the job markets demand? If yes, Why? If not, why?3.What have you learnt from being interviewed on the job markets?4.Why does sex discrimination on job markets still exist even if we claimmen and women are born equal?5.Do you think it is reasonable for women to stay at home taking care ofchildren and husbands when we are facing a shrinking job market?Week 15 to 16: Topic: One couple, one child policy(一对夫妇，一个孩子政策给社会发展带来的利和弊)Questions to be discussed:1.What advantages and disadvantages does the policy of “one couple, onechild” bring to the development of our society?2.Why did “one child” policy meet strong policy in the late 70s and early80s, especially in the rural areas but now it is well accepted?3.What potential dangers do we have if so many young couples don’t wantto have any children?4.Do you think that we will have a shortage of labor force in 10 or 20years if we still carry out this policy? If yes，why? If not, why?5.What difference do you find between the only child in the family andchildren who have brothers and sisters?Week 17 to 18：Topics: The early coming of the aged society and the incomplete welfare system in China (中国的老年社会的提前到来和还未健全的福利体制)Questions to be discussed:1.How do we define the aged society? What characteristics does an agedsociety have?2.How do we define a complete welfare system in a society? What canthe aged people benefit from the welfare system in China?3.Who should be responsible for the care of aged people in an “emptynest”when their adult children have gone (abroad) where they can make a living?4.Have you ever imagined what you can do when your parents and yourspouse’s parents (4 aged people)are not able to take care of themselves?5.Do you think it is reasonable for newly married young couple to followthe 5 basic steps in their life, firstly try to save money to buy a big apartment, secondly save money to buy a private car, thirdly save money for the only child’s education, fourthly save money to enjoy themselves, fifthly save money for a decent retired life? If yes, why? If no, why?Week 19~20 Topic: Keep away from drug (远离毒品)1.Why does drug abuse become so popular nowadays even if it waseliminated in the early 50s?2.What are the dangers of drug abuse to our society?3.What joint efforts can be made by international community since drugsmuggling is the biggest concern in the whole world?4.What knowledge do you have about different forms of drugs? What badeffects can they cause to human beings both physically and mentally? 5.What can we do to keep away from drugs?Simulated Press ConferencesProcedures: The organizer of the simulated press conference gives a brief introduction to the government official and the expert veterinarian and then to the main purpose of this press conference. The government official gives a brief account of the new development of bird flu in the country and the veterinarian offers some common knowledge on bird flu and what effective measures can be taken to stop it and how to prevent human beings from suffering it. Then audience from different news medium ask questions and the three speakers give responses.Reference: Topic for 2007I.War in IraqQuestions to be raised:1.Is it reasonable for US government to overthrow Sardam’s Regimeby force? If yes, why? If no, why?2.Is it possible for a superpower to conquer a small nation by force? Ifyes, why? If no, why?3.Why does the US government insist staying in Iraq in spite of theheavy loss of human lives including both American and Britishyoung soldiers and Iraq civilians?4.Do you think suicide-bombs are powerful weapons to fight againstintruders?5.What is the best solution of Iraq war?II. Topics Coal Mine Disaster in China （煤矿瓦斯爆炸频发所造成的灾难）Questions to be raised:1.What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far howmany miners were killed in China this year?2.Why does the central government demand that the local governmentofficials withdraw their investment from local mines? Why is it so hardfor them to carry out this policy?3.What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion inprivate mines?4.How do you compensate for the life loss for the victim’s relatives andwhat penalty can you give to the responsible people?5.Why do so many small and private coal mines still keep working even ifthe central government has already ordered to close down them?Reference: Topic for 2005Bird Flu (禽流感在中国的最新发展)Questions to be raised:1.By what channels does bird flu spread so quickly? What effectivemeasures can we take if bird flu is found in a chicken farm?2.What is the potential danger of bird flu to human beings?3.Is it curable if man suffers from bird flu? What is the death percentageof bird flu patients?4.What evidences can you present to show that bird flu can not spreadfrom men to men?5.What is the development of new vaccine to protect human beings frombird flu? And so far how many people died of bird flu?II.Earthquake in Jiujiang （九江的地震）Questions to be raised:1.What effective measures have you taken so far to help homeless peopleafter the earthquake? What do the victims of the earthquake deed badly?2.How can you ensure that the donations of money or materials from thecharity organization be fairly distributed among the victims of earthquake? Can the money be used for other purposes?3.How do governments at different levels help the local peoplereconstruct their homes?4.Is it possible to move these people on the earthquake belts to other saveplace? If yes, why? If not, why?5.What is the new development in China to predict earthquake?III.Gas Explosion in Different Coal Mines in China （煤矿瓦斯爆炸频发所造成的灾难）Questions to be raised:6.What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far howmany miners were killed in China this year?7.Why does the central government demand that the local governmentofficials withdraw their investment from local mines? Why is it so hard for them to carry out this policy?8.What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion inprivate mines?9.How do you compensate for the life loss for the victim’s relatives andwhat penalty can you give to the responsible people?10.Why do so many small and private coal mines still keep working even ifthe central government has already ordered to close down them?IV. Water Pollution in Songhuajiang （松花江的水污染）1．W hat reasons caused the chemical explosion in Jilin Petrol Chemical Plant (吉林石化厂)? What effective measures had been taken by the local authority after the explosion to prevent water pollution?2．H ow can you compensate for the loss of production of private enterprises when water supply had been closed down for 4 days in the capital city in Heilongjoiang (黑龙江)?3．D o the chemicals deposited in the river bed have a long term effect onhuman beings’ health? If it has, what can we do?4．W hat penalty can you give to the local government leaders who are responsible for the water pollution?5．I f Russia people complain for the water pollution, what can you do?Many people believe that “the one couple one child policy”has brought benefits toour economic development but other people insist that we should stop this policy since China has entered gray hair society and wewill lack labor force in a few years. What is your understanding of this argument?英语演讲和辩论课的考试要求和记分标准考试要求：期末考试分为口试和笔试；口试根据本学期所给定的8-10个主题，教师对每一位学生指定或由学生选定主题准备一篇讲演稿或辩论稿。