湖南省长郡中学2018届2018届高三月考试卷(四)历史试题(A)卷

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考地理试题本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。

时量75分钟。

满分100分。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

康养旅游近年来较为火热，其在增强游客体验，推广地域文化，促进地方经济发展等方面具有重要作用。

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区塔河县十八站鄂伦春民族乡是鄂伦春族主要聚居区之一，景色优美，拥有独特的民族文化旅游资源，如其传统特色民居斜仁柱(见图1) “夏宽冬窄”，具有可拆卸的特点。

该地区发展康养旅游潜力巨大，但一直以来，外界对其知之甚少。

据此完成1~3题。

1. 近年来我国康养旅游发展迅速的主要条件有①医疗发展水平的提高②居民康养需求与理念变化③人口老龄化程度较高④发展休闲旅游的资源丰富A. ①②B. ②③C. ①③D. ②④2. 鄂伦春族传统特色民居斜仁柱“夏宽冬窄”的主要影响因素是A. 气候B. 土壤C. 植被D. 水源3. 挖掘鄂伦春民族乡康养旅游发展潜力的首要措施为A. 完善交通等基础设施建设B. 做好民族文化的保护与传承C. 利用新媒体增强旅游推介D. 引进旅游配套产品生产厂家农业生态效率是综合考虑农业产值等期望产出和非期望产出，如在农业生产评价中通常将化肥、农药、农膜等化学制品的过度使用产生的环境污染视为非期望产出，将农业碳排放作为非期望产出整体指标。

读图2，据此完成4~5题。

4. 2000-2017年长江中游城市群农业生态效率变化特征是A. 整体升高B. 南部全体下降C. 省域间差距缩小D. 两极分化加剧5. 长沙农业生态效率变化的原因可能是A. 生产资料投入增加B. 劳动力投入增加C. 土壤有机质减少D. 农业污染减轻人口迁移同时发生在不同尺度的区域之间和不同层级的聚落之间。

C.展示出新旧交替特征D.深受传统思想的影响
7.美国有学者曾撰文指出：“1852年，上海租界内的地皮平均每英亩售价50英镑，到1862年已涨到平均每英亩10000英镑。”清人葛元煦在《沪游杂记》也记载，当时“上海租屋获利最厚，租界内洋商出赁者十有六七”。导致这一现象的直接原因是（）
A.太平天国运动 影响B.洋人恶意开发哄抬地价
A.革命根据地建设成果显著B.苏维埃政权赢得民众认同
C.反围剿斗争取得阶段胜利D.“左”倾错误理论得到纠正
10.20世纪60年代，中法的角色类似：一个是在全球范围向美国霸权挑战的不驯服的盟国；一个是不听从指挥棒直至公开脱离苏联轨道的“大家庭成员”。这说明（）
A.中法具有独立自主的共性B.欧美关系已经走向对峙
3.晚唐诗人李频在《长安感怀》中说“一第知何日，全家待此身”，将诗人的压力表露无遗；王建《送薛蔓应举》中写到“一士登甲科，九族光彩新”，则生动地反映了士人登科的社会现实。据此可知，科举制（）
A.有助于打破社会阶层壁垒B.践行了四民平等思想
C.注重士子文化才能的培养D.缓和了统治阶级矛盾
4.元政府规定除“五岳四渎等载在祀典者，所在官司依例岁时致祭”外，不许在城邑、村坊“聚集人众，祈赛神社”。到元代中期，对城乡“唱词聚众的勾当”等娱乐活动也明令禁止。元政府此举（）
C.剩余产品大量出现D.渔猎活动逐渐消失
2.汉孝惠、高后时，为天下初定，复弛商贾之律。文帝时，晁错提出“入粟拜爵”，这在客观上便利了富商购买爵位。景帝时期，降低了缴纳算赋做官的标准，以免使廉洁之士长期不能做官，但商贾之人可从中谋取厚利。汉初这些政策（）
A.导致抑商政策的废弛B.导致社会风气败坏
C.迟滞了经济复苏进程D.有助于商业的发展
A.冲击了社会人伦道德观B.意在强化地方社会控制

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AAn Oceans VacuumThere’s a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It’s bigger than Texas-and growing. The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets. That is both costly and slow. Instead, the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes 62-mile-long floating barriers that would use natural currents to trap trash. If next year’s trials succeed, a full cleanup operation would aim to start in 2020. It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years.Easy-On ShoesIn 2012, Mathew Walzer, a high school student with a disability, sent a note to Nike. “My dream is o go to college,” he wrote, “without having to worry about someone coming to tie my shoes every day.”Nike assigned a design team to the challenge. This year, they came out with their solution: the FlyEase. The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand. A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $130.An Airport for Drones(无人机)As Amazon, Google, and others get ready for drone delivery service, there is one big question: what kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda, in Africa, may have the answer. There, workers will soon start work on three “drone ports”. The goal is to make it easier to transport food, medical supplies, electronics, and other goods through the hilly countryside. Construction is set to be completed in 2020.21.What’s the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum?A. It can be a money-saverB. It can grow year by yearC. It can tear plastic into piecesD. It can be put into wide use soon22.What do we know about Nike?A. It offers free shoes to the disabledB. It is designing new shoes frequentlyC. It provides customer-friendly servicesD. It responded to Matthew’s request passively23.Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”?A. Because road travel there is roughB. Because there are too many dronesC. Because they’re easier to construct than roadsD. Because they are receptive to new technologyBI grew up in a troubled home in the 1970s, on the outskirts of downtown Orlando, Florida. Not far away, a three-story house attracted my eyes.It was nothing like the one I lived in with my mother, a small dark place with rules about befriending others. “Don’t. Never, ever talk to anyone,” my mother said.One day, in sixth grade, a black-haired woman was introduced to our class: Mrs. Reese. Reese explained that she was starting Spanish Club. She invited anyone interested in learning Spanish language and culture to stay after school.I could not take my eyes off her bracelets(手镯) and shining rings. The bell rang, and to my shock, no one went up to Mrs. Reese. I was under strict orders to go straight home. But that day, I stayed. I asked Mrs. Reese when the club started.“We could begin right now if you like,”she said with a smile. I felt beautiful. That day I learned that the house of my dreams was her house. I learned how to answer questions about my age and my favorite food in Spanish. And I learned, Do you want to come over tomorrow for cooking lessons?I wanted to say “Yes”, but Mom’s words held me back.I begged my mother all summer and into fall, well after Spanish Club had dissolved. I wept at night sometimes, so worried that Mrs. Reese and her family would move away.At some point, I managed to wear my mother down and one Saturday afternoon. I rode out to Mrs. Reese’s house.The details of that afternoon are marked in my mind: We had tea. She painted my toenails red. We made a garlicky picadillo. We spoke in Spanish. In Spanish, my voice was loud and romantic. This is the real me! I remember thinking.My mother never permitted me another visit to Mrs. Reese’s house. But four decades later, I still remember that day and the life she showed me, proof of a possible future.24.What kind of family was the author from?A. Hard-upB. Two-parentC. Stress-freeD. Disease-ridden25.Why did the author choose to join the club?A. She wanted to stay longer at schoolB. She intended to comfort Mrs. ReeseC. She was deeply attracted by Mrs. ReeseD. She hoped to befriend the owner of her dreamt house26.The author went to Mrs. Reese’s house .A. with the help of her tearsB. while no one was noticingC. with her mother’s permissionD. just before the lady moved away27.What did the author gain from Mrs. Reese?A. The beauty of SpanishB. The wonder of a new worldC. The power of self-confidenceD. The importance of independenceCEnglish is full of colorful phrases to describe shyness. Someone shy might be called shrinking violet or a wallflower, while for especially nervous types we have the curious expression: they wouldn’t say boo to a goose.None of these are traditionally seen as positive descriptions, even if you like geese. In a culture of go-getting, high achievers, shy people don’t come first.Or that's what the self-help industry would have you believe. Bookshops are filled with vital tomes(巨著) that promise to help beat social fears and find success in life, love and business. That is why one book, Shrinking Violets: A Field Guide to Shyness, bucks the trend. It became a sudden success across English-language media recently for its new take-on shyness.Author Joe Moran says that despite struggling with shyness and longing for loneliness all his life, being shy can also be "a gift". Freed from the constant urge to participate and compete in social situations, people are liberated to look at the world in new ways, and gain fresh insights.Indeed, many of the world's great thinkers and artists are introverts(内向的人). Scientists Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein preferred their own company; actress Keira Knightley often finds herself tongue-tied at parties; and Harry Potter author JK Rowling claims she used to be too nervous to even borrow a pen.Moran told BBC Future: "I think shyness probably does turn you into an amateur anthropologist(人类学家), really-you are more likely to be an observer."So, while extroverts make all the noise, they don't necessarily have the best ideas.If you're shy, you've probably known this for a long time. You just don't shout about it.28.When someone is being called a wallflower, he is being .A. praised for his graceB. admired for his characterC. laughed at for his shynessD. told off for his nervousness29.The underlined phrase “bucks the trend” in Paragraph 2 probably means ””.A. going against the trend and succeedsB. changing the public idea completelyC. becoming unpopular and unacceptedD. becoming the major concern of people30.The author mentioned many famous shy people in order to .A. point out the harm shyness bringsB. disconnect shyness and successC. shows the reasons for shynessD. prove shyness contributes to science31.What is the author’s attitude towards shyness?A. OpposedB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. CriticalDFrigatebirds seagoing fliers with a 6-foot wingspan, can stay aloft(up in the air) for weeks at a time, a new study has found.Since the frigatebird spends most of its life at sea, its habits outside of when it reproduces on land aren’t well-known-until researchers started tracking them around the Indian Ocean. What the researchers discovered is that the bird’s flying ability is unbelievable.Ornithologist(鸟类学家) Henri Weimerskirch put satellite tage(标签) on a couple of dozen frigatebirds. When the data started to come in, he could hardly believe how high the birds flew."First, we found, 'Whoa, 1,500 meters. Excellent,' " says Weimerskirch, "And after 2,000, after 3,000, after 4,000 meters-OK, at this altitude they are in freezing conditions, especially surprising for a tropical bird.""There is no other bird flying so high relative to the sea surface," he says. "It's the only bird that is known to intentionally enter into a cloud," Weimerskirch says. And not just any cloud-a soft, white cumulus cloud(积云). Over the ocean, these clouds tend to form in places where warm air rises from the sea surface. The birds take a ride on the current of rising air, all the way up to the top of the cloud.Frigatebirds have to find ways to stay aloft because they can't land on the water. Since their feathers aren't waterproof, the birds would drown in short order. They feed by harassing other birds in flight until they bring whatever fish they've swallowed back into their mouth and the frigatebird takes it.So in between meals, frigatebirds fly higher... and higher.In one case, for two months-continuously aloft.One of the tagged birds flew 40 miles without a wing-flap. Several covered more than 300 miles a day on average, and flew continuously for weeks. They are blessed with an unusual body. No bird has a larger wing surface area compared with body weight.32.How did researchers feel when data about frigatebirds reached them?A. CalmB. SurprisedC. HopefulD. Anxious33.According to the text, how can frigatebirds fly so high?A. By flying into a cloudB. With the help of researchersC. Thanks to advanced technologyD. By following other birds into the sky34.What does the underlined word ”they” in the text refer to?A. FrigatebirdsB. Other birdsC. Small fishD. Larger fish35.In what aspect are frigatebirds different from other birds?A. When they give birthB. What they feed onC. Their body weightD. Their wing surface area第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2025届高三上学期月考数学试卷（三）一、单选题1．设集合{}{}{}1,2,2,3,1,2,3,4A B C ===，则（）A ．AB =∅B ．A B C= C ．A C C= D ．A C B= 2．在复平面内，复数1z 对应的点和复数212i z =+对应的点关于实轴对称，则12z z =（）A ．34i-+B ．34i--C ．5D3．已知向量a ，b 满足3a = ，b = 且()a ab ⊥+ ，则b 在a方向上的投影向量为（）A ．3B ．3-C ．3a- D ．a-r 4．已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，()54f =，()3f x +是偶函数，[)12,3,x x ∀∈+∞，有()()12120f x f x x x ->-，则（）A ．()04f <B ．()14f =C ．()24f >D ．()30f <5．若正四棱锥的高为8，且所有顶点都在半径为5的球面上，则该正四棱锥的侧面积为（）A ．24B ．32C ．96D ．1286．已知曲线e x y =在1x =处的切线l 恰好与曲线ln y a x =+相切，则实数a 的值为（）A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．47．在直角坐标系中，绕原点将x 轴的正半轴逆时针旋转角π(0)2αα<<交单位圆于A 点、顺时针旋转角ππ()42ββ<<交单位圆于B 点，若A 点的纵坐标为1213，且OAB △的面积为4，则B 点的纵坐标为（）A ．2-B ．C ．D ．8．已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的左顶点为()0,,A F c 是双曲线C 的右焦点，点P 在直线2x c =上，且tan APF ∠C 的离心率是（）A ．B ．2C ．D ．4+二、多选题9．函数()()π3sin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图所示，则下列选项中正确的有（）A ．()f x 的最小正周期为2πB ．2π3f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭是()f x 的最小值C ．()f x 在区间π0,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的值域为33,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．把函数=的图象上所有点向右平移π12个单位长度，可得到函数3sin 2y x =的图象10．在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，1222AB AA AD ===，点P 满足AP AB AD λμ=+，其中[0,1]λ∈，[0,1]μ∈，则（）A ．若1B P 与平面ABCD 所成角为π4，则点P 的轨迹长度为π4B ．当λμ=时，1//B P 面11ACD C ．当12λ=时，有且仅有一个点，使得1A P BP ⊥D ．当2μλ=时，1A P DP +11．在2024年巴黎奥运会艺术体操项目集体全能决赛中，中国队以69.800分的成绩夺得金牌，这是中国艺术体操队在奥运会上获得的第一枚金牌．艺术体操的绳操和带操可以舞出类似四角花瓣的图案，它可看作由抛物线2:2(0)C y px p =>绕其顶点分别逆时针旋转90180270 ､､后所得三条曲线与C 围成的（如图阴影区域），,A B 为C 与其中两条曲线的交点，若1p =，则（）A ．开口向上的抛物线的方程为212y x =B ．A =4C ．直线x y t +=截第一象限花瓣的弦长最大值为34D ．阴影区域的面积大于4三、填空题12．若52345012345(1)x a a x a x a x a x a x -=+++++，则2a =.13．已知函数24,1()ln 1,1x x a x f x x x ⎧++<=⎨+≥⎩，若函数()2y f x =-有3个零点，则实数a 的取值范围是.14．设n T 为数列{}n a 的前n 项积，若n n T a m +=，其中常数0m >，数列1n T ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭为等差数列，则m =．四、解答题15．记ABC V 的内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ，已知()()b c a b c a bc +-++=.(1)求A ；(2)若D 为BC 边上一点，3,4,BAD CAD AC AD ∠∠==，求sin B .16．如图，三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，160A AC ∠=︒，AC BC ⊥，1A C AB ⊥，1AC =，12AA =.(1)求证：1A C ⊥平面ABC ；(2)直线1BA 与平面11BCC B 所成角的正弦值为4，求平面11A BB 与平面11BCC B 夹角的余弦值.17．人工智能（AI ）是一门极富挑战性的科学，自诞生以来，理论和技术日益成熟.某公司研究了一款答题机器人，参与一场答题挑战.若开始基础分值为m （*m ∈N ）分，每轮答2题，都答对得1分，仅答对1题得0分，都答错得1-分.若该答题机器人答对每道题的概率均为12，每轮答题相互独立，每轮结束后机器人累计得分为X ，当2X m =时，答题结束，机器人挑战成功，当X 0=时，答题也结束，机器人挑战失败.(1)当3m =时，求机器人第一轮答题后累计得分X 的分布列与数学期望；(2)当4m =时，求机器人在第6轮答题结束且挑战成功的概率.18．已知椭圆G22+22=1>>0的长轴是短轴的3倍，且椭圆上一点到焦点的最远距离为3,,A B 是椭圆左右顶点，过,A B 做椭圆的切线，取椭圆上x 轴上方任意两点,P Q （P 在Q 的左侧），并过,P Q 两点分别作椭圆的切线交于R 点，直线RP 交点A 的切线于I ，直线RQ 交点B 的切线于J ，过R 作AB 的垂线交IJ 于K .(1)求椭圆的标准方程.(2)若()1,2R ，直线RP 与RQ 的斜率分别为1k 与2k ，求12k k 的值.(3)求证：IK IA JKJB=19．对于函数()f x ，若实数0x 满足00()f x x =，则称0x 为()f x 的不动点.已知0a ≥，且21()ln 12f x x ax a =++-的不动点的集合为A .以min M 和max M 分别表示集合M 中的最小元素和最大元素.(1)若0a =，求A 的元素个数及max A ；(2)当A 恰有一个元素时，a 的取值集合记为B .（i ）求B ；（ii ）若min a B =，数列{}n a 满足12a =，1()n n n f a a a +=，集合141,3nn k k C a =⎧⎫=-⎨⎬⎩⎭∑，*N n ∈.求证：*N n ∀∈，4max 3n C =.。