新概念英语第四册第七单元语法与句型(教学用)

We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East,我们对5，000年前近东发生的事情还能略知一二，where people first learned to write.因为那里的人们首先懂得用文字记载。

But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.但是在世界上一些地方，甚至现在人们还不会书写。

The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as 他们保存自己历史的唯一方法就是采用讲故事的办法：legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.由讲故事者把类似英雄故事的民间传说一代代传下去。

These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations 这些传说是很有用的，因为它们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况。

but none could write down what they did.但是，没有人能把他们所做的事情用文字记载下来。

Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian 人类学家不知道现在住在太平洋群岛上的波利尼西亚人的远祖来自何方。

The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 民间传说中提到这些人，说其中有些人约在2，000年前来自印度尼西亚。

But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even 但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太远了，if they had any,are forgotten.因此，有关他们的传说即使有如今也失传了。

新概念英语第四册知识点整理第一部分：语法点1. 一般现在时和现在进行时一般现在时用于描述经常性的、习惯性的动作或状态，现在进行时则用于描述正在进行的动作。

例如：- I usually go to the park on Sundays. （我通常在星期天去公园。

）- She is watching TV right now. （她正在看电视。

）2. 祈使句祈使句用于表达命令、建议、请求等，一般省略主语"you"。

例如：- Sit down. （坐下。

）- Please close the window. （请关窗。

）3. 定冠词和不定冠词定冠词 "the" 用于特指某个人或物，不定冠词 "a" 或 "an" 用于泛指一个人或物。

例如：- The dog is barking. （那只狗在叫。

）- I saw a cat in the garden. （我在花园里看见了一只猫。

）4. 可数名词和不可数名词可数名词表示可以计数的事物，可以用数词修饰；不可数名词表示不可分割的事物，不能用数词修饰。

例如：- There are three books on the table. （桌子上有三本书。

）- I have some milk in the fridge. （冰箱里有一些牛奶。

）5. 过去式和过去分词过去式用于过去的单一事件，过去分词用于完成时态和被动语态中。

例如：- He did his homework yesterday. （他昨天做了作业。

）- The letter was sent by him. （这封信是他寄的。

）第二部分：词汇点1. 常见动词短语- take off（脱下）- put on（穿上）- look after（照顾）- give up（放弃）- look for（寻找）2. 常见形容词和副词- happy（快乐的）- sad（悲伤的）- beautiful（美丽的）- quickly（快速地）- slowly（慢慢地）3. 人称代词的主格和宾格形式- 主格形式：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they- 宾格形式：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them 4. 常见连词- and（和）- but（但是）- or（或者）- because（因为）- so（所以）5. 常见短语和惯用表达- How are you?（你好吗？）- Thank you.（谢谢。

Lesson 7 Bats 蝙蝠Not all sounds 定语made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats 状语to see a case 定语in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.状语To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts 状语in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound 定语made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea 定语at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus主语, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, 状语varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. 状语With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible 主语not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.It形式主语has been found 主语that certain bats emit squeaksand by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects 定语on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar定语.。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson7【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity ofa wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.MAURICE BURTON Curiosities of animal life【New words and expressions 生词和短语】bat n. 蝙蝠strictly adv. 明确地utilitarian adj. 实用的appreciation n. 理解obstruction n. 障碍物elapse v. 消逝hull n. 船体interval n. 间隔receipt n. 收到apparatus n. 仪器shoal n. 鱼群herring n. 鲱鱼cod n. 鳕鱼squeak n. 尖叫声【课文注释】1.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language，动物发出的声音不全是作语言交际。

新概念英语第四册第七单元语法与句型Lesson 7 Bats 蝙蝠Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar. (NCE Book Four)【语法名称】部分否定【课文原句】Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.【过关练习】All the answers are not correct. 答案并非全对。

新概念英语句型精华【句型1】Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is,the more highly it is regarded.（Lesson3）【译文】现代登山运动员力图沿着一条能从中得到锻炼乐趣的路线登山。

他们认为路线愈艰难则愈为人们重视。

【讲解】the more…,the more…这种句型叫比例句。

《流利英语》中另有三句可一并学习。

【例1】The further off this solid obstruction,the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.（Lesson7）【译文】离固体障碍物越远，回声返回所用时间就越长。

【讲解】obstruction后省略了is。

【例2】We are so familiar with the fact that man ages,that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time,of becoming more likely to die the older we get,was something self-evident,like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.（Lesson37）【译文】我们都熟悉这样的事实：人总是要衰老的；人们多年来一直认为，生命随着时间流逝而衰退或人越老越可能死掉这一过程不言而喻，恰似一壶热水会冷却、一双鞋会被穿破一样。

【讲解】becoming more likely to die the older we get是变形的比例句，等于the older we get,the more likely we will die。

新概念英语四册课堂笔记： Lesson 7 The sportingspirit 运动精神Lesson 7 The sporting spirit 运动精神I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another atfootball or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, itis possible to play simply for the fun and exercise： but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators： and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriouslybelieve--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.New words and expressions 生词短语goodwill n. 友好cricket n.板球inclination n.意愿contest n. 比赛orgyn. 恣意，放荡deducevt.推断competitive a. 竞争性的pick up 随意挑选side n. 队patriotism n. 地方观点爱国主义involvevt. 卷入at any rate 无论……,至少……. prestige n. 声誉disgrace vt. 使丢脸savagen.野性的combative a.好斗的frankly ad.坦率地mimic a.与….极相似behaveiour 行动spectatotorn.观众word….into…..引起……注意furyn.狂热absurda.荒唐的Notes on the vocabularies 词语注释goodwill=friendship n.友好goodwill games：友好运动会goodwill visit：友好访问pay a goodwill visit toofficial visit：官方正式访问state visit：国事访问cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比inclinationn. 意愿inclinev.be inclined to do sth表示强烈的意愿I am inclined to take toefl.willingshow inclination tofollow one's inclination 随心所欲contestn. 比赛近义词：competition game match tournament racecontest：a group of judges。

新概念英语第四册：精华句型（1-4）【一】【句型1】Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the0【句型1】Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.(Lesson 3)【译文】现代登山运动员力图沿着一条能从中得到锻炼乐趣的路线登山。

他们认为路线愈艰难则愈为人们重视。

【讲解】the more…, the more…这种句型叫比例句。

《流利英语》中另有三句可一并学习。

【例1】The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. (Lesson 7)【译文】离固体障碍物越远，回声返回所用时间就越长。

【讲解】obstruction后省略了is。

【例2】We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. (Lesson 37)【译文】我们都熟悉这样的事实：人总是要衰老的;人们多年来一直认为，生命随着时间流逝而衰退或人越老越可能死掉这一过程不言而喻，恰似一壶热水会冷却、一双鞋会被穿破一样。