【推荐下载】最新必考英语语法——定语从句

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)三、关系代词的用法区分1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分•只能使用that的情况：（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。

eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.（3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。

一、选择题1．Mice, dogs and monkeys were the animals _________first went into space.A．that B．whom C．whose D．what2．The painting by Picasso ________ is about people’s love for life is shown in the museum. A．who B．which C．what3．—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ________ I’ve ever been to.—So it is. Many international meetings are held there every year.A．that B．which C．who D．where4．Mrs. Green is proud of her daughter, a nurse ______________is hard-working and looks after patients well.A．who B．whose C．whom5．--Mary, think about before you take a trip to Harbin.--OK, I'll take some warm coats then.A．the time that you will spend B．the sights that you will visitC．the people who you will meet D．the clothes which you will bring6．Liu Xiang is the first player in Asia _________ won the gold prize in the 110-hurdle race in the 28th Olympic Games.A．which B．who C．whom D．that7．I like the cartoon______has a happy ending and makes me___A．which； to laugh B．that；to laugh C．whose； laughing D．that； laugh 8．—Have you heard of Junko Tabei?—Yes, she was the first woman ________ succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma. A．who B．whom C．which D．that9．My favorite city is Guilin ________ is famous for it's beautiful scenery (风景).A．where B．what C．which D．who10．—I hear that Lucy’s mother is a teacher in our school.— Yes, look, the woman ______ is teaching over there is her mother.A．whom B．who C．what D．which11．—Do you know the boy ________ is holding a ball over there?—Yes. He’s my classmate.A．which B．whose C．what D．who 12．—Yesterday was my birthday. My father sent me a CD _____was made by TF Boys.—You must be very happy to receive it.A．who B．whom C．which D．what13．The foreigner teaches English in our school is from England.A．what B．which C．who14．This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.A．where B．which C．who D．when15．一What kind of musician does Carmen like?一She likes musicians __________play different kinds of music.A．which B．who C．whom16．Do you like the music that you relaxed?A．make B．making C．makes17．I don’t like music ________ sounds too loud.A．that B．what C．who D．whose 18．—Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?—Oh, she is my sister.A．which B．what C．whose D．who 19．（2017年河南）I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night A．who B．that C．what D．whom 20．—Do you like watching movies?—Yes. I prefer movies ________give me something to think about.A．that B．what C．when D．who21．–– What are you looking for?––I’m looking for the book _______ you bought last Sunday.A．who B．when C．that22．—Could you tell me ________ ,Mr.Smith?—Sure. It's because of the bad weather.A．what is your family nameB．why the train hasn't arrived yetC．how can I get on well with my parents23．This photo often reminds the man of his grandfather ________ died five years ago. A．which B．who C．whom D．he24．Only the dream ______ can help others will bring happiness in return.A．which B．that C．who D．what25．The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.A．who B．that C．where D．when【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：老鼠、狗和猴子是最早进入太空的动物。

定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, whi ch, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

[eg：this is the book （which）you want。

]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muc h等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略专题18 定语从句定语从句1.概念：在全句中作定语的从句先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词。

它有三个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代表先行词3.在从句中作句子成分2.关系词a.关系代词指人1)作主语：I’m a scientist who/ that studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2)作宾语：The girl (whom /who/ that) I met yesterday is called Jane.3)作定语：I had a student whose creativity would infect others.指物1)作主语：I do not like the novels which/ that have unhappy endings.2)作宾语：I’d like to see the car (which/that) you bought yesterday.3)作定语：The house whose doors(=the doors of which /of which the doors) are green is my uncle’s.b.关系副词1)作时间状语(先行词是时间)：July is the month when (=in which) nature’s berries are in abundance.2)作地点状语(先行词是地点)：Upstairs he had a studio where (=in which) he painted a little.3)作原因状语(先行词是reason)：This is the reason why (=for which) he was late for school.4)作方式状语(先行词是way)：I don’t like the way that (= in which) you laugh at her.c.介词+关系代词Here was someone with whom I could share my feelings. [=(whom /whom/that) I could... with]He has three children, two of whom are college students. (部分与整体)d.不能用that 1)非限制性定语从句：He changed his mind, which made me very angry.2)直接位于介词后：These were all qualities for which I had once respected my elder brother.3) people, those, one等指人时多用who：People who reach out to strangers feel good.e.只/多用that 1)先行词包括人和物：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.2)序数词或最高级后：The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan.This is the best dictionary (that) I’ve ever used.3) 指事物的不定代词后：Now all that was needed were the parents.4)the only/very后的事物：They are thought to be the only insect that does this.The Bird’s Nest is the very place (that) you cannot miss when you visit Beijing.5)who/which开头的问句中Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?Which is the house that caught fire last night?3.非限制性定语从句三个特点: 对先行词起补充说明作用；用逗号与主句分开; 不可由that引导。

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构，用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。

在英语中，定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。

下面，我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。

一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。

引导词通常是先行词，即被修饰的名词或代词；关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来；从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

1. 引导词：先行词通常是名词或代词，它可以是主语、宾语或表语。

例如：The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）2. 关系词：关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来。

关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。

例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）3. 从句：从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。

例如：那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。

限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，且不能用逗号与主句隔开。

例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

定语从句定语从句的两个重要见解：先行词和关系词：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。

关系词：重复指代先行词，起连结主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充任必定成分的连结词称为关系词。

关系词有两个作用：1.代词的作用：重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充任必定成分，比方 I don’t like people who never keep their word. 中的 who 指代 people 并且作从句的主语。

2.连结作用：即连结主句和从句，如上句 who 起着连结主句 I don’tlike people 和从句 who never keep their word 的作用关系词在定语从句充任的成分在上一节中，在谈到关系词的“代词作用”时，提到它“重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充任必定的成分” 。

所以接下来的解析思路是，以关系词为出发点，从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中所能充任的各样不同样样成分；二是关系词与先行词的对应关系，即不同样样的先行词要由不同样样的关系词来指代。

关系词用作从句的主语1.I like guys and they have a good sense of humor.↓2.I like guys who have a good sense of humor.点睛：这里的关系词 who 代替 and they，来指引定语从句 who have a good sense of humor,修饰名词 guys。

这个 guys 就是先行词。

翻译：我喜爱有风趣感的男生。

3.Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.翻译：生气就忧如一个窃贼，偷取了我们的幸福光阴。

4.He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, rich or wise.翻译：一个人若在 20 岁时不俊秀， 30 岁不健康， 40 岁不丰饶， 50 岁时不理智，那么他将永久不会拥有这些。

定语从句讲解一．定语从句1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。

④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。

⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。

2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。

如上面第5：主句：He is the man从句：who you are looking for在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。

3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：He is the man you are looking for.二．定语从句（从句部分）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。

数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。

必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

01定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。

先行词 + 关系词（关系代词 / 关系副词）+ 从句剩余部分。

02定语从句的关键词引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词有 that,which, who, whom, whose 等；关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

03关系代词的用法1.关系代词的作用(1)引导定语从句，连接主从句(2)代替先行词(3)在从句中担当一定的成分2.关系代词的选择定语从句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。

The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.(代替 the girl，作从句的主语，不可省略)The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.(代替 the girl，作从句的宾语，可省略)(作定语，不可省略)I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.(作定语，不可省略)3.必须用 that 的情况(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that。

例如：Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.(2)被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many,everything, anything 等不定代词时，只能用 that。

(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little等词修饰时，只能用 that。