高等学校研究生英语听说教程上7-12单元听力原文材料

Unit TwelvePart One StatementsComplete each of the statements with what you hear and choose A or B that explains th~word or phrase in bold.l. Years ago, Craig Breedlove set a speed record. He raced across flat land made of salt, ant he went as fast as 600 miles per hour in his special car. ( B )2. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. ( A )3. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace. ( A )4. One day the French King overheard two women laughing at him as he played and heimmediately banned the sport. ( B )5. Rules restrict players under 23 years old with the exception of three over-age players. ( A I6. Today, basketball is mainly an indoor game, and the season extends from late fall, throughthe winter, to early spring. ( A )7. So it was what the pupils do in their spare time that really prepares them to t ake theirplaces, in society as citizens when they grow up. ( A )8. She can't accept even mild criticism of her work. ( B )9. Tiffany says she's totally fed up----she's going to give up this awful job and move back toNew York. ( B )10. And I often go swimming on vacation, but only recreational swimming. ( A )Part Two DialoguesDialogue OneLet's Play Chess(Mr. Wilson and Mr. Dawson are watching some men playing chess.)Mr. Wilson: Let's play chess Mr…Mr. Dawson: Dawson. I haven't played chess for a long time, How about you? Mr....Mr. Wilson: Wilson. That's all fight, Mr. Dawson. I'm a beginner, I've just learnt how to play.Mr. Dawson: Look, there's a chessboard. Those two men have already finished playing.Mr. Wilson: (after they have played for a few minutes) You're a very good player.Mr. Dawson: Not really, but once I won a prize.Mr. Wilson: So did I. I won a prize last week but it was a prize for beginners.Mr. Dawson: My prize was for the best player in the country. Now let's start playing chese seriously.I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. What is the relationship between them? ( A )2. What do the two speakers do first? ( C )3. How do they get a chessboard? ( C )4. What prize did Mr. Wilson win? ( A )5. What can we learn from this dialogue? ( B )II. Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions with Yes or No.1. Does Mr. Dawson often play chess? ( No )2. Does Mr. Dawson refuse to play chess with Mr. Wilson? ( No )3. Has Mr. Wilson learnt to play chess for a long time? ( No )4. Did Mr. Dawson win any prize? ( Yes )5. Will they go on playing chess? ( Yes )Dialogue TwoFavorite Sports(Joseph and Fletcher just get a chance to know each other at a party. Now they are talking about sports.)Fletcher: What's your favorite sport, Joseph?Joseph: Comparatively speaking, I'm interested in team sports, like basketball and football.How about you?Fletcher: Contrary to yours, I'm fond of individual sports such as golf and swimming. Joseph: But I also like boxing very much. Some people like such outdoor activities as fishing and mountain-climbing.Fletcher: And there are also people who like to be spectators. They're enthusiastic about games. Joseph: Yes. Although they don't join in any games, yet they usually watch them on TV, or listen to them over radio.Fletcher: That's right.Joseph: Actually, it's quite necessary for people, men and women, old and young, to do some physical exercises from time to time.Fletcher: You're fight. Only by doing like this can they be healthy enough.I, Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.l. Where does the conversation take place? ( B )2. What sport is Joseph interested in? ( B )3. What sport is Fletcher interested in? ( A )4. What sport does fishing belong to? ( C )5. What can we infer from the dialogue? ( A )II. Listen to the dialogue again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.l. The game Fletcher is interested in is similar to that of Joseph. ( F )2. Joseph also likes outdoor activities such as fishing and mountain-climbing. ( F )3. Some people who are enthusiastic about games like to be spectators. ( T )4. They think watching games on TV and listening to them over radio also do good to one'shealth. ( F )5. They think it's necessary for people to do physical exercises from time to time. ( T ) Dialogue ThreeWhy Don't You Join Me at the Gym Sometime?Peter: Hi, Laura, Where are you heading with that big bag?Laura: Hi, Peter, I'm off to the gym, I've got to stay in shape, you know. I try to go three timesa week, but I'm busy so I can't always make it.Peter: I know more women who work out than men. What's the main reason you work out?For your health, or to look good?Laura: To be honest, for both. With women, good looks are always a very important consideration.Peter: If they were honest, most men who work out would admit that they also do it to look better, and not merely for health reasons.Laura: How about you? Do you get any regular exercise?Peter: I do a lot of walking, for exercise and enjoyment sometimes ten to twenty kilometers at a time but I never go to the gym like you do.Laura: Well, walking is good exercise. How about sports?Peter: Not since my school days. I used to love playing baseball, but it's impossible to get enough people together for a game now. Mostly I just watch sports on TV.Laura: I play tennis fairly regularly with my friends, and sometimes go swimming and cycling by myself.Peter: Oh, I forgot about that. I go cycling sometimes too. And I often go swimming on vacation. but only recreational swimming.Laura: Why don't you join me at the gym sometime? I can get you a guest pass.Peter: Well, maybe someday, but I'm pretty lazy about things like that.I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. Why is Laura so keen on sports? ( D )2. What do you know about Peter? ( D )3. What sports does Laura go in for? ( C )4. What can we learn from the conversation? ( D )5. Where might the two speakers have this conversation? ( B )II. Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.Laura meets Peter on her way to the gym in order to stay in shape, look good and enjoy good health. They talk about their favorite sports. Peter does a lot of walking for exercise and enjoyment. He used to love playing baseball. He also goes cycling sometimes and swimming on vacation. Laura likes playing tennis, go swimming and cycling by herself. At last Laura invites Peter to join her at the gym sometime because she can get him a guest pass.Part Three PassagesPassage OneSportsAll over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer.Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.Games and sports often grow out of people's work and everyday activities. The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too.Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese boxing, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred year old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person's character. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.I, Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. What do sports and games often develop from? ( C )2. In what way do the Arabs mostly use horses or camels ? ( A )3. Where is swimming popular? ( D )4. Which of the following have a very long history? ( C )5. What can we learn from the passage? ( B )II. Listen to the passage again and complete the following sentences with the informationyou hear.1. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer.2. Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.3. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet.4. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.5. Sports help to train a person's character. One learns to fight hard but fight fair. to win withoutpride and to lose with grace.Passage TwoTennisOnce open only to the rich, tennis is becoming more and more popular. Tennis courts are springing up everywhere. There are indoor and outdoor courts and even on the roofs of the skyscrapers. Sporting goods stores are doing a good business in tennis equipment. Tennis clothing has become an important item in fashion world.Early in history tennis was the sport of kings and if one or two of those kings were still ruling today, perhaps no one would be playing the game now. The French king Charles V loved to play tennis, but he was very fat and must have been a funny sight on the tennis court. One day he overheard two women laughing at him as he played and he immediately banned the sport. In England, Henry 1V stopped people from playing tennis because the church leaders of his time were angry that women wore less clothing when they played. For a time tennis was also not allowed in Holland.I, Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. What is the topic of this passage? ( C )2. Who could play tennis in the past? ( C )3. Who would be playing tennis now if one or two kings were still ruling today? ( C )4. What do you know about the French king Charles V? ( A )5. Why did Henry IV stop people from playing tennis? ( B )I. Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions.1. Is tennis a popular sport now?Yes.2. How popular is tennis now?Tennis courts are springing up everywhere. Sporting goods stores are doing a good business in tennis equipment and tennis clothing has become an important item in fashion world.3. Why did the French king Charles V ban the sport?The king loved to play tennis. But he was very fat. He overheard two women laughing at him as he played so he banned the sport.4. Who was Henry IV?He was the king of England.5. In which country was tennis also not allowed for a time?In Holland.Passage ThreeThree Popular Sports in the United StatesIf you judge by the number of people who go to see the games and by the number of those who actually play it, basketball is probably the most popular sport in the United States today. It isan indoor game, and the season extends from late fall, through the winter, to early spring. There are many professional teams, but for the most part basketball is a school sport. There is hardly a high school or college in the country that does not have its team and its loyal fans.In spring and summer, the most popular sport is baseball. During the warm weather you can see young men and boys playing this game in any part of the country. Radio and television bring the details of the big games to every comer of the land, and the activities of the professional teams are a topic of conversation for Americans everywhere.In the fall, the most popular sport is football. As you know, this is not the same kind of game that is so popular in other parts of the word. Like basketball and baseball, it is typically American, and those who have never seen it before have difficulty seeing any sense in it. But for most of the spectators the game itself is not so important as the music, the cheering, and the festive spirit that go with it.I. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. How do you judge that basketball is probably the most popular sport in the United Statestoday? ( C )2. Where is a basketball game often played? ( A )3. Whom can you see during the warm weather playing baseball in any part of the county?( B )4. What is the most popular sport in the autumn? ( C )5. For most of the spectators what is more important? ( D )II. Listen to the passage again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.1. The basketball season extends from early spring to late fall. ( F )2. Most of the high schools and colleges have no basketball teams of their own. ( F )3. In spring and summer, the most popular sport is baseball. ( T )4. Radio and television often broadcast big baseball games to the whole country. ( T )5. American football is also popular in other parts of the world. ( F )Part Four Idioms and ProverbsI. In this part, you will be presented with ten sentences. Listen carefully and write them down.1. A desperate person will go to any length.2. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.3. Blood is thicker than water.4. Time cures all things.5. Don't count your chickens before they' re hatched.6. There is more than one way to skin a cat.7. First come, first served.8. He who laughs last laughs best.9. It's no use crying over the spilt milk.10. Laziness in youth spells regret in old age.II. In this part, you will hear ten sentences. In each sentence there is one idiom that is given below. Listen and guess its meaning from the context.Script:1.Be careful talking to the police tomorrow; a slip of the tongue could get us into big trouble.2. Learning English may be a difficult process, but in the long run it will be worth it.3. This may save money in the short run, but it's going to be expensive in the long run.4. My little brother follows me everywhere and asks a million questions. He is so annoying. Ithink he's a pain in the neck.5. We're planning a picnic for tomorrow afternoon. I hope it doesn't rain. Let's keep ourfingers crossed.6. Joanne is one of our best employees. She does reports quickly and accurately she's reallyon the ball.7. He would rather discuss important things face to face than on the telephone.8. When the man went to jail for stealing, he lost face among his family and friends.9. Mary didn't want to go to the party, but she didn't want to hurt her friends' feelings. Shetold a white lie when she said, "I can't go to the party. I'm not feeling well."10. Everyone in the room sat quietly waiting for someone else to speak first. Daniel finallysuggested that we play a game to break the ice. Then everyone started talking.Keys:1. to say something by accident2. in the distant future3. in the near future4. a bothersome (an annoying) person or event5. to wish strongly for something6. intelligent, knowledgeable, hardworking7. in each other's presence8. lose the respect of others9. a harmless lie10. make people comfortable at the beginning of a meeting or in a gatheringFive Exercises for HomeworkPart Five Exercises for HomeworkI. Short ConversationsIn this part, you will hear ten short conversations. Each of them is followed by a question. After the question, you are supposed to choose a correct answer from the four choices.1. W: I don't see a gas station anywhere ahead.M: I hope we find one before we run out of gas.Q : What does the man mean? ( B )2. W: What a crowd!M: This is the worst time. The morning classes are just over. Everybody is hungry and rushes here to have lunch.Q: When does this conversation take place? ( B )3. W: You didn't speak up at the meeting today.M: I couldn't think of anything to say.Q: What does the man mean? ( A )4. M: Are you going to replace the light switch yourself?W: Why should I call an electrician?Q: What does the woman imply? ( C )5. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house byearly next week.W: Well, fight now I think I want white for the window frame and yellow for the wall. ButI'll let you know tomorrow for sure.Q: Whom is the woman talking to? ( A )6. M: I'd like to reserve this room on Monday and Wednesday from 9 to 11 a.m.W: I'm sorry, It's only available in the afternoon on those days, but you can use it on Tues- day and Thursday morning if you like.Q: Where does this conversation take place? ( B )7. M: Fasten your seat belts please, Madam.W: Of course, I didn't realize we were planning to land so soon.Q: What can we learn about the man? ( C )8. M: I saw Bill today. He invited us to dinner tomorrow night.W: That's nice. But I really don't know him, and besides I have so much work to do.Q : What does the woman mean? ( B )9. W: I would like to check out now. My name is Nacy Muns, Room 1112.M: Yes, here you are. The rate on that room is $30. You made a long distance call, person- to-person, so the telephone bill is $12.Q : How much does the woman have to pay? ( C )10. W: What happens in the first part of the film?M: To tell you the truth, I don't remember because it almost put me to sleep.Q : What does the man think of the film? ( B )II PassagePassage OneBad Effect or Good EffectExercise is often said to be good for everyone. But a new study has shown that exercise could be unhealthy, especially for people past middle age. The study was done with mice. It showed that although mild (xo.适度的) exercise had a good effect on the muscles of young mice, it harmed the muscles of mice past middle age.The three groups of mice in the experiment aimed in age at young, middle-aged, and elderly humans. The mice were placed on a treadmill (~'~) 30 minutes a day for a five-week period. At the end of that time, the young mice's leg muscles had increased almost 30 percent in weight, but those of the old mice were reduced by 25 percent. No clear pattern showed for the middle-aged mice. David Gershon, an expert who carded out the experiment, explained that the older mice's muscles were probably already breaking down and that exercise worsened the condition. An earlier study by Gershon showed that middle-aged mice benefited from exercise if they started exercising young and continued it.It's clear that because the tests were done on mice, drawing conclusions about human is too early. But the studies do not totally support the theory that exercise is good under any condition. Let's use the tests on mice as a bridge for other studies.Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. Why were the mice of different ages used in the study? ( C )2. Where were the mice placed? ( D )3. What effect did the exercise have on the older mice's muscles? ( B )4. Which of the following is the most proper title for the passage? ( A ) I5. What was the purpose of experimenting with mice? ( D )Passage TwoFootballDo you like playing football? Football is the world's most popular game, played in more countries than any other sport. Football has been an Olympic game since 1900. And now it is getting more and more popular all over the world.In 1900, football became one of the first team sports included in the Olympic Games. During the 2000 Sydney Games, the sport celebrated 100 years of Olympic football. Women's football was introduced at the 1996 Olympic Games, where the final attracted a world record crowd for a women's sporting event of 76,000 people. Olympic women footballers must be at least 16 years old.The modem game of football started with the foundation of the Football Association of England in 1863. The ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans played a similar game, long before English kings the 1300s and 1400s were trying to outlaw the violent sport. Professionals are allowed in the men's tournament. Rules restrict players under 23 years 01d with the exception of three over-age players. At the Athens 2004 Olympic Games there will be an increase in the number of women's teams from 8 to 10. The men's tournament will not change and be set at 16 teams.Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1. When did football find its way into Olympic Games?In 1900.2. When was women's football introduced at the Olympic games?In 1996.3. How old should Olympic women footballer be?At least 16 years old.4. When was the Football Association of England founded?In 1863.5. How many men's teams will be allowed in the men's tournament?16 teams.Passage ThreeBicycle Messengers OlympicsThere is a special kind of race in San Francisco. Since the streets are so crowded with cars, people ride bikes to deliver packages. Once a year these bike messengers have a race.It is the Bike Messenger World Championships. More than 600 riders from 25 countries compete. A lot of the riders like the competition. Some of the riders think that if they win, they will be able to get a job anywhere.Some riders just like being there. They have a lot of fun and meet other riders. They also like tiding the steep hills.Some riders have tattoos. Some have pierced body parts. Some have wild hairstyles. Others have a clean cut look. There were two messengers with only one leg.They started the event by having 5,000 people ride their bikes through town. They wanted other people to be aware of what they did.Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences with the information you hear1. People ride bikes to deliver packages because the streets are so crowed with cars.2. It is the Bike Messenger World Championships. More than 600 riders from 25 countriescompete.3. Some riders just like being there. They have a lot of fun and meet other riders.4. Some riders have tattoos. Some have pierced body parts. Some have wild hairstyles.5. They started the event by having 5,000 people ride their bikes through town. They wantedother people to be aware of what they did.III. A story for RetellingHere is a story. Listen and retell it.She Deserves It!My friend and I were playing baseball last week, and we went to a baseball field. My girlfriend was with us, but she decided that she wanted to take a nap in the outfield. So she took a blanket and she was laying down. She was pretty much out of the way. She was in the safe place for the most part. A little bit later in the afternoon, my friend was batting and I was pitching, I threw the ball and he hit the ball relatively close to her. She was sleeping and she had no idea the ball was coming towards her, so I started yelling and the ball just missed her. I saw the ball just missed her, I started yelling at her to move. She wouldn't listen to me. She was just sleeping saying that everything was okay. I got fed up and thought, "If a ball hits her she deserves it .She deserves to be hit she's being too stubborn." So I said to my friend, "Nick, you know what, go ahead and hit her. She deserves it." On the very next pitch, he hit the ball really hard and it hit fight into my leg and dropped me. I fell down in a serious pain. My girlfriend came running over. It was very ironic. He'd hit me so hard that the stitching on the baseball left imprint on my leg that lasted for about two days.。

研究生英语听说教程（引进版）听力原文Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 1Exercise 1Student: Excuse me.Counselor: Yes?Student: Do I need to make an appointment to register for an ESL class? Counselor: No, but you first have to take a placement test.Student: A test?Counselor: We need to find out what your ESL level is.Student: Oh, Okay. Where do I go to take the test?Counselor: We will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o’clock in room 303. Can you come then?Student: Yes.Counselor: Good. Now, let me give you some forms to fill out so we can begin the registration process. Please write your name and address here, and your ID number here. Student: Okay. What do I write under teacher and section?Counselor: You can leave those blank. We’ll fill it i n tomorrow.Exercise 2Student A: I didn’t really understand what Ms. Smith was saying about the id, the superego and the ego.Student B: Oh, that’s easy. Look here on page 53. The id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. The ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. The superego is like the personality’s police force. It monitors the id and the ego.Student A: Oh, I think I’m getting it. You mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?Student B: Right. They are all interacting.Student A: Do you think we’ll need to give definitions?Student B: I don’t know. We may just have to match the names with the definitions. But we’d better study this some more just to be safe.A: I can’t believe it’s closed. I’ve got a class from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock. What am I going to do?B: Well, there are some food machines in the Student Union. You could always go there. A: No way! I tried that once last semester and I got as sick as a dog. There’s got to be something better.B: Well, we can go down to Main Street. There are a couple of places that I’m sure are open.A: We’d never make it back in time. It’s already 6:40. I think I’ll pass out if I don’t get something. I came here right from work. I didn’t have time to stop by my apartment.B: I think there’s a stand in front of Smith Hall. You can at least get something warm there. A: Well, I guess we don’t have any other choice.B: Yeah, it’s either the canteen or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.Teacher: Good evening class. Before we begin tonight’s lesson. I want to remind you about next Thursday’s midterm. Remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. You will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. This test will include multiple choice, True/False, and essay questions. You will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.Now, last week, I spoke about the importance of using note cards and visual aids to prepare your speeches. Tonight I’m going to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. Please take careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.The first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. It is extremely important, especially in the English-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. This may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. But, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. Please note that you need to look at the entire audience. Please don’tdirect your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.Next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. Vitality is a way of maintaining the audience’s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying. Volume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. Think abut a speaker you really liked. Did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? No, of course not. Probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4.Dr. Stevens: Ted, can I speak to you a minute?Ted: Yes, Doctor Stevens?Dr. Stevens: I finished reading your essay and before I return it to you, I was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it.Ted: Oh, uh, okay, sure.\Dr. Stevens: Can you come during my office hours?Ted: I think so. When are they again?Dr. Stevens: Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3 o’clock until 4:30.Ted: That’s no problem Oh, wait a minute, I have football practice every day fr om 2o’clock until 5 o’clock.Dr. Stevens: Hmm. Well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class? Ted: Sure.5. You have reached the Student Union Activity Hotline. The following is a list of information and events for Thursday, September 18.The Student Union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. The cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o’clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o’clock until 1 o’clock, and dinner from 5 o’clock until 7 o’clock, The snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m. Assembly member Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic: “Parity pay for Women: It’s Still Not Here.” Assembly woman Berg will speak in the Oak Room from 9 o’clock. Admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.The Student Council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. Elections will be held for all major offices. All students are welcome.The campus folk dance club meets in the Green Room from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock today. All are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.Bette Milder will be performing live in the Campus Corner Cabaret. The show begins at 8 o’clock. Tickets are available at the Ticket Office. All seats are $7.00.Tonight’s movie, the experimental “Dial Tones,” will be shown in the Union theater at7:00 and 9:00 p.m. Tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the Student Union.6. A: Let’s exchange p hone numbers. That way, if one of us is absent, we can call each other for the homework assignments.B: That’s a great idea. My number is 555---A: Wait a second, this pen just died. Let me get another one.B: Here, take my pencilA: Thanks. Okay, what was it?Exercise 2A: Who’s your history professor?B: I’m in Dr. Leydorf’s class.A: Oh, How is he?B: The class is interesting and I really like him, but he’s a real stickler. If you’re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks you absent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade.A: Ooh! He sounds really tough.2.A: How did you do on your composition?B: Oh, you won’t believe it. I hadn’t worked on it very long and I didn’t have time to check it over. When the teacher ret urned it to me with an “A” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: Wow. That’s great. You must be really smart.B: Or else just lucky.3.A: Let’s go to a movie tonight.B: Sorry, I’ve got to cram for a test tonight. I haven’t had a chan ce to study before now. A: Well, how about going to the late show?B: No, I’m going to need a good night’s sleep. I want to make sure that I’m ready for the test.4.A: All right. We promised each other we’d get this report done today. Let’s get cracking. B: Aw, it’s such a beautiful day. Can’t we go for a walk and do this later?A: No, we’ll need to return these books to the library by five o’clock. We really have to do this now.5.A: Gee. It’s already a quarter after ten. Maybe Ms. Hughes is absent today.B: Fat chance. She’s never been absent a day in her life. I was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.A: Well I guess she really loves teaching. Oh, here she comes now.1. I’m taking Biology 101 this semester.2. I’m going to the Student Union at 7:00.3. We’re discussing parapsychological phenomena.4. We are you returning to the computer lab?5. We’re meeting with Dr. Stevens at the end of the lesson.1. I am transcribing my sociology notes.2. John is defending his dissertation on Tuesday.3. We are forming a study group on the first day of class.4. I’m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5. Ms. Wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.1. The professor is coming.2. The professor is coming in a little while.3. The Sahkespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet on the 17th.4. 4. The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet.5. The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6. The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts during Spring Break.Using Intonation Clues1. I really wanted the new David Sedaris book. The professor in my contemporary lit class praised it all last semester. The bookstore hasn’t been able to get a single copy for the last month. Oh, well. Maybe I can find a copy on .2. I used the new computer registration system to charge my tuition on my credit card, and they totally messed it up. They were supposed to charge me $500 for the two art classes, and instead, it says that I’m enrolled in three history classes to the tune of $900. This is ridiculous!3. Today is my graduation day. I am done! Now, I can finally spend my weekends doing something other than cramming for exams and writing term papers. Yippee!4. This schedule is baffling. It says that English 90 is offered at both the midtown and downtown campuses, but the times are vague. Look here; does this nine mean AM or PM? Hmm, I’m stumped.5. Oh yeah. I absolutely recommend professor Ponz. She’s a real dilly, let me tell you. If you enjoy writing endless term papers on meaningless subjects, participating in class activities that have ze ro relevance to the topic of the course, she’s the teacher for you! sarcastic研究生英语听说教程（引进版）听力原文Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 2Denise: Excuse me, miss, how much does it cost to ride BART?Stranger: Well, that depends on your destination. From here to Glen Park it’s only a dollar ten, but if you go as far as Fremont, it costs a lot more.Tom: We’re going to Berkeley. Do you know what the fare is?Stranger: There are two stations in Berkeley. Which one are you interested in?De nise: Oh, gee, I’m not sure. We’re from out of town. We’re visiting my sister. She told me her house is just a stone’s throw from the UC Berkeley campus. Which station is that? Stranger: The downtown Berkeley station is really close to the university. I’m sure that’s the one you want.Denise: Tom, are you going to remember this, or should I be jotting this down?Tom: What is there to write down, Denise? The woman is giving us very simple directions. So, how much is the fare to downtown Berkeley?Stranger: L et’s go take a look at the map over there. You see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. Ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.Tom: Two sixty-five? That’s highway robbery for such a short distance!Denise: You think that’s expensive? Tom from our house to Amherst it costs twice as much as that.Tom: Yeah, but that’s an hour ride. You really get your money’s worth.Stranger: Yeah…Uh…Well, did your sister explain which train to take?Tom: Berkeley. WE take the Berkeley train to Berkeley, right?Stranger: Well, no actually. That’s just one stop on the Richmond line. Here, let me show you on this map. Here we are a t Powell Street in San Francisco, and it’s basically a straight shot on the Richnond line to the downtown Berkeley station.Denise: Yes, my sister said we wouldn’t have to change trains.Stranger: Uh-oh, what time is it?Denise: It’s 8:15.Stranger: You can’t go directly to Berkeley from San Francisco after 8:04.Tom: Uh-oh. Is there another train we can catch?Stranger: Don’t worry. You can take the Pittsburg line. Look here, take the Pittsburg line to the 12th Street Station in Oakland, and then transfer to the Richmond train. The Richmond train will stop in Berkeley. Get off at the downtown station. From there you can walk to your sister’s house.Denise: We want to be there by 9 o’clock. If we have to transfer, we might be late. Do you think we’ll make it in time?Stranger: It doesn’t take that long. Let’s see; there’s a train from here at 8:18. It arrive s at the 12th Street Oakland station at 8:34. You can get a Richmond train right away at 8:34, and you’ll arrive in Berkeley at 8:46.Tom: Let’s see if I’ve go t this right: We take the 8:18 Pittsburg train and arrive in Oakland at 8:34. Then we take the 8:34 Richmond train to Berkeley. That should be a snap.Stranger: Yeah, you’ll have no trouble.Tom: Thank you very much for your help, Miss. You’re a very kind young lady. Denise: And so pretty and smart, too! Tell me dear, I notice you’re not wearing a ri ng. Stranger: Well, no, uh…Denise; You know, my sister’s son is very handsome. I think you two would like each other…Stranger: Uh, well; oh! I think I hear your train coming! You’d better hurry so you don’t miss it!Part ThreeExercise 3AThe BART system is a modern metro that links thirty-nine stations throughout Northern California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The trains are operated by computers and the BART station platforms have electronic signs that light up with information about trains that will be arriving.Exercise 3C1. How long does it take to get from JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza? That’s JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza.2. What is the fare from Oxford Avenue to College Avenue? That’s Oxford Avenue to College Avenue.3. How much does it cost an dhow long does it take to go from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street? Again, that’s both the fare and time from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street.4. How much is a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky Stre et? That’s a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky.5. How much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street? Again, how much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street?6. You are at the Ala bama Street station. It’s twelve noon and you just got on the train. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station? Again, it’s twelve noon and you’re going from Alabama Street to Madrid Avenue. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station?7. What time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? Again, what time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? 8. What time does the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers? That’s the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers.9. 9. How many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from4:20PM until 7:53 Pm? Again, how many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 PM?10. How long is the trip from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? Again, that’s the time from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal.11. Which trains from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal do not stop at 125th Street? Again, which trains do no stop at 125th Street going from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal?12. Look at your watch. What time is it right now? What time will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street? Again, using the time now, when will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street?Part FourExercise 11. Was her flight from New York on time?2. Did you get the rental car information?3. Which bus do I take to go downtown?4. Is Alice meeting us at the train station?5. Why was the man yelling at the stranger?6. Are you going to call the travel agent today?7. How long do we have to wait for the next bus?8. Where are you going after the meeting?9. What did you do with your extra ticket?10. Were you going to go to the airport alone?Exercise 21. What time did the plane arrive?2. How often do you take the bus?3. Did someone meet them at the airport?4. Why didn’t she tell us she would be late?5. Who will pay for the extra ticket?6. Were you at the bus station yesterday?7. How far is it from here to New Jersey?8. Which bus do you think we should take?9. Whose purse was left on the bus?10. Are you meeting your brother at the bus station?Part FiveExercise 11. How much is the fare to Kansas ST.?2. When is the next Yonkers train?3. Does this bus go to City Hall?4. How long does it take to get to Park Lane?5. Which line do I need to take to get to the Macarthur Station?6. Can you tell me how far the trip from Boston to San Diego is?7. What’s the fastest way to get to Grand C entral Terminal from here?8. Do you know where the train for Atlanta stops?Exercise 2:1. The 12:20 train to Seattle will leave in two minutes.2. The next train to Yonkers will leave from Grand Central Terminal in ten minutes.3. A round-trip ticket from JFK Boulevard to Kansas St. is $2.90.4. We’re sorry, but the 12:10 train Riverdale will be six minutes late.5. The bus from Los Angles to Burbank leaves every fifteen minutes at that time of the day.6. The next Fremont train will leave from platfor number 4 in half an hour. Exercise 31. Question: Where does this person want to go?A: Pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the Jefferson Auditorium?B: That’s $1.80 one way, but you can’t go directly there after 6:00 PM. You’ll have to take a Lenox train at that hour and then transfer to a Hastings train at the Portsmouth station. 2．Question: What time will the next bus for Chicago leave?A: Excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown Chicago leave?B: Let’s see. One just left at 8:00. The schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…A: Uh-oh;it’s already 8:10. I’d better hurry.B: Ooh, I hope you make it.2. Question: What is the total round-trip fare for the children?A: May I help you?B: Yeah, we’d like to get tickets from Portland to Long beach.A: When are you planning on going?B: We were thinking of going the week of June 15th.A: Gook. That’s far enough in advance to take advantage of o ur supersaver fares. If you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.B: $240. That sounds good.A: How many people are in your party?B: There’s my wife and me, plus our two kids.A: Ooh, we have a special discount a vailable for our young travelers. Let’s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.B: Well, Evelynne is six and Renee is one.A: Very good. Let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.Exercise 41. It’s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. Greenwich is very close to London.3. I take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. I leave my house each day at 8 am.5. WE’re going to Hawaii for our next vacation.6. According to this, the train to Vancouver will arrive in ten mnutes.7. Do I need a Bakerloo or a Victoria train to get to Picadilly Circus?8. How much is a ticket to Baltimore an then back again?9. You need to take a #5 bus to the Berman Station. Then, catch a #12.10. This bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.研究生英语听说教程（引进版）听力原文Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 3Part Two Main DialogueExercise 1 Scanning for the Main IdeaRuth: Good morning, David, Wow, what happened to you?David: Hey, Ruth. Boy, do I need coffee. I was up till 2:30 last night for the second night in a row.Ruth: More trouble with the lovebirds?David: Yeah, good ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don’t think they have any dishes left after the last fight. They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Ruth: Haven’t you spoken to them/ I mean, don’t they know they’re keeping you up all night?David: I think when they’re fighting, they don’t care about anything else. I banged on the ceiling with a broom for about five minutes and they kept yelling.Ruth: They sound like very selfish people.David: You’ve got that right, Ruth.Ruth: Why don’t you just call the landlord?David: He doesn’t care if I’m unhappy. He wants me to move! I’ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half as much as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price.Ruth: What about the other neighbors? Can’t you all get together and complain? David: Are you kidding? I have had problems with everybody in that building! Rob and Steve, the people who live next door to Michael and Betty, crank-up the volume of their stereo at all hours of the night.Ruth: That’s terrible.David: yeah, those two guys are so busy throwing parties that they probably never even hear the fighting.Ruth: Well, there has to be someone in your building who you like.David: There is Mrs. Ande rson, the woman who lives below me. She’s 87 years old, as sweet as can be with a heart of gold. Unfortunately, she’s a little deaf and I’m sure she never hears any of the noise in the building. Actually, as much as I like her, she’s also a problem.Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she’s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.Ruth: Every Sunday?David: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up thro ugh the floor “Hello? Yes, dear. It’s so good to hear your voice.” She’s more reliable than an alarm clock!Ruth: Wow, that sounds like a real nightmare!David: It’s not her fault, poor old thing. She’s just very old and her health isn’t good. Ruth: I’m pr etty lucky. The biggest problem I have is the garbage collectors waking me up at 5:30 in the morning three times a week when they empty the cans. But, I can usually fall asleep again after they leave.David: At least your neighbors put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson, is sometimes such a pig. He ever seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever I walk by his door I have to hold my nose.Ruth: Maybe you just need to start looking for a new place to live.David: And give up my book?Ruth: Book? What book?David: I told you about my book, didn’t I? I’m writing a book about a guy who lives in an apartment building with a bunch of crazy people. I hope it’ll be a big Hollywood movie someday.Ruth: That sounds fantastic, but can’t you write the book in a nice quiet apartment in another building?David: No way! Every week I get a new idea for a chapter from somebody in the building. If I move now, I’ll never be able to finish the book!Exercise 4 Vocabulary in ContextNarrator: 1. SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good ‘ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Yeah, good ‘ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don’t think they have any dis hes left after the last fight. They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good ‘ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Narrator: 2. SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: CONTEXTTom: He doesn’t care if I’m unhappy. He wants me to move! I’ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half as much as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: 3. SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Actually, as much as I like her, she’s also a problem.Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she’s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up. Narrator: SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: 4. SENTENCEDavid: She’s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: The trouble is because she’s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up. Ruth: Every Sunday?Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor. She’s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: 5. SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: It’s not her fault, poor old thing. She’s just very old and her health isn’t good. Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: 6. SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig. Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: At least your neighbor put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig. He never seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever I walk by his door I have to hold my nose.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig.Part Three ExpansionSection 1: Household FurnishingsExercise 1D1. Husband: Honey, I think it’s time we redid this room.Wife: Gee, I kind of like it the way it is.Husband: Oh, come on. Look at this floor—it’s to tally scratched. It needs to be refinished or carpeted.Wife: Yeah, and while we’re at it, we might as well paint the wall around the fireplace. There are smoke stains all over it from last year’s Christmas party.Husband: Now you’re talking! Why don’t we wallpaper the other three walls in here too? Then if we get some new drapes and maybe a couple of lamps—Wife: Wait a second. This is getting out of hand. Why don’t we just move the armchair over to cover the scratched floor and save ourselves a lot of money and trouble.2. Painter: Good morning. I’m from Daniel’s Paint-O-Rama.Woman: Oh, good. Com on in. Would you like some coffee?Painter: Maybe later. Now, have you decided on the color?Woman: I was thinking white might be nice.Painter: I wouldn’t have white in this room. It would get dirty pretty quickly.Woman: Couldn’t we use enamel paint? It’s easy to clean, right?Painter: But it smells horrible and takes a long time to dry. You wont’ be able to use this room until tomorrow.Woman: Oh, my. W ell, I guess we could go to a restaurant…Painter: Why don’t you choose a color that goes with your linoleum? I could nix up a shade of latex semi-gloss that matches this blue.Woman: What about the latex semi-gloss in white? Couldn’t I wash that down if i t got dirty?Painter: Yes, you could, but you’ll still have to do it more often than if you choose another color. And if you clean it too often, the finish will start to rub off.Woman: Maybe we’d better stick with the enamel then.3. Tenant: Look at the ceiling; it’s cracked and peeling over here; there’s a big water stain on the wall in the corner, and—Landlord: Okay, why don’t you get some paint and fix it up and I’ll pay for it. Tenant: I don’t think that’s going to fix the problem. It’s happened before and I don’t feel like wasting my time and energy covering up problem that’s just going to happen again. Landlord: Well, I’m not sure what else you want me to do. I said I’d pay to fix it. Tenant; I want you to find out what’s causing this!Landlo rd: Well, I’ll talk to Steven upstairs and warn him to be more careful in the future. Tenant: I don’t think Steven is the problem. The last time this happened he wasn’t even home. Besides, he’s always been a considerate neighbor.Landlord: Maybe you steam up the room yourself. That can cause a lot of chipping and peeling. A small room like this full of steam can do a lot of damage.Tenant: Look, don’t try to turn this around on me. I always leave the window and door open so it doesn’t steam up. Either you send someone over to repair this, or else I’ll get somebody and deduct the cost from the rent. It’s up to you.4. Meg: Tony? Tony? Tony!Tony: Huh? What?Meg: I can’t stand it. It’s freezing in here. Aren’t you cold?Tony: Well, turn the heat on.Me g: I tried. There’s no heat coming up.。

Unit 7 Who's Calling the Shots? TEACHER: Good morning. Hope you had a good weekend. Today we're going to start talking about styles of business management. Styles of management vary from country to country, company to company, and, from person to person. One approach to good management now considered important worldwide is team building. Team building is only part of what makes someone a good manager, but it underlies many good management practices. When team building, the manager does things to help employees work together effectively as a group, as a team.This is based on the idea that the manager's job isn't simply to tell people what to do, but to help solve problems and help people communicate so they work well together. This approach emphasizes employee relations, and it benefits the company. It hasn't always been this way. Not so many years ago there was an attitude in American companies, of "What the manager says, goes." Employees were expected to do what they were told. But we're seeing a new paradigm because companies have realized that employees don't do their best work when they're treated like this. This was a big change in American management style, perhaps influenced by the Japanese model.First, in order to build a team, a good business manager knows that different people are good at different things and values the special skills that each employee brings to the company. A good manager needs to find a way to let the employees know that their particular skills are important to the company. The employees are then more likely to do their best when they feel valued, and value each other. A strong manager knows how to build a team of employees who help each other do their best work.So, what can a manager do to help employees feel they're valued, like part of the team? Let's consider a situation at a company called the ABC company. Let's say there's new manager in the office, Mrs. Gomez, and she's made some changes. One day, an employee--Mrs. Parks--decides to approach Mrs. Gomez about some problems she is having at work. Mrs. Parks has worked at the company for more than ten years. The new changes make it difficult for her to do her job well. She's stressed, and this is affecting her job performance. So, Mrs. Gomez and Mrs. Parks talk. Mrs. Gomez listens. She knows she has made some changes, and that the office isn't being run like it was before. But she tells Mrs. Parks to try her best, and to give it more time. Oh, I see a question, Anna?STUDENT 1: I'm not clear. What kind of changes are you talking about? TEACHER: Oh. Well, let's say one change is that, before, you gave a rough draft of your report to the secretary, and she edited it and sent it out. Now, the secretary doesn't1 do this for you. You have to do it yourself. She changed the way the office was organized.STUDENT 1: Oh, OK.TEACHER: Later that night, Mrs. Gomez thinks about what Mrs. Parks said. She thinks it's possible that other people in the office are having problems, too.Mrs. Gomez knows that she needs a strong team to be a Successful manager. She also needs a stable group of employees. She doesn't want people to leave. She decides she needs to get an accurate idea of the employees' perspectives. She decides to give the employees an opportunity to share their ideas. She wants to show them she values their work and their experience at the company. So, Mrs. Gomez makes a team-building plan. She begins by scheduling a meeting for the next day to talk about the changes she has made, to give the employees an opportunity to say what problems they're having and to ask questions. At the end of the meeting, she gives the employees some questions to answer in writing to make it easy for them to share their ideas. She tells them she will use the answers they write and the ideas from the meeting to decide on the next step in the office.Let’s consider the kind or questions she gives them. She wants questions that focus on the work itself, questions that would be easy for an employee to answer honestlyQuestions like:A Is it clear to you what your responsibilities are?B Do you know who to talk to if a task is unclear?C Do your team members support you? If not, what specific things couldthey do to help you do a better job?D. What was done in the past that you think worked better?These questions are about the work, about how the office is organized, and about working together. They don't focus on the employee’s feelings aboutthe manager.Mrs. Gomez reads their answers to the questions. She also checks her notes from the meeting. She decides to modify the way she has reorganized the office. Not big changes-just a few small ones. She realizes that some of the old ways were better. So, she makes a few changes back to how the office was organized before. She also comes up with a six month plan for improvement, and tells the employees they will all review the plan together in six months. What message is she communicating to the employees by these actions? Well first, she's telling them she consider their ideas important; she values their opinions. Second she is telling them she is in charge, but she values what they say. Third, she's telling them that change is not necessarily good if there is no good reason for it. In other words, she didn’t need to make so many big changes when she started as manager. And, finally, she is telling them that she is human, that she can admit her mistakes and that she is willing to do what benefits the group. This puts her on the road to gaining their support, and to being a successful manager.Now, on to the third part of her plan. Mrs. Gomez plans a picnic at the park near their office. They have lunch, play games, and talk. They laugh and joke and relax. By the end of the day, they know each other better. Hope fully, this will help them work together better, as well.Let’s review the three parts or Mrs. Gomez’s team-building plan: she had ameeting, she gave employees questions about the office organization, and she planned a fun activity to help them get to know each other. We can see| that her plan is based on the importance of solving problems, and on the belief that communication is vital in order to succeed as a team. This is a key point: Her plan is based on the idea of solving problems and employees sharing ideas. Any questions? Felipe?STUDENT 2: Well, I've studied some business management courses, and I understand that it’s important to develop communication and build up team players, but isn’t it just a waste of time to have these “fun” activities? TEACHER:Well, a lot of managers do think it’s a waste of time, especiallyin the short term. But, in the long run, it's definitely not a waste of time. In fact, it's often a great way to save time in team building.Let's stop here. Today we discussed team building and why it has become important. In the next class, 1 want to talk about other group activities managers can use to build team. We’ll start there next time. That's all for today.Unit 8 Right and Wrong on the Net TEACHER: Good morning. Did anyone hear the news about the teenager in New York who hacked into a bank’s database and stole about 30,000 credit card numbers over the weekend? Hacking is related to computer ethics ―that’s our topic today.Computer ethics deals with the proper use of information technology, such as computers and the Internet. By proper use, I mean socially responsible use. We’ll first talk about what ethical behavior is and how this applies to computer use.First, I want to make sure we all know what ethics is. Anyone? Yes, John? STUDENT 1:It’s about right and wrong.TEACHER: Yes; OK, Jennifer.STUDENT 2:And it’s about being a good person, doing what’s right. TEACHER: Yes, ethics includes both of these ideas. It deals with moral judgment, with what is acceptable or unacceptable to do. Now we learn ideas about what is right and wrong from our families, our friends, and from the culture we live in. Because of differences in our backgrounds, we may not always agree on what is right and wrong.However, for our discussion today, I will define for you what I mean by an ethical action. An ethical action is something someone does that benefits someone and doesn't hurt anyone. So, for example, if you see a man drop some money, and you pick the money up and give it to him, this is an ethical action. On the other hand, if you pick up the money and don't give it back to the man, this benefits you, but hurts the man. This is not an ethical action.Now what about computers? What are the ethical boundaries for using computers and the Internet? Most people agree that it is wrong to steal from a store. Would they also say it's wrong to copy music files from the Internet? Or, to take another example, most people agree that it is wrong to open anenvelope and read a letter to someone else. Would they also say it's wrong to read someone else's e-mail?In the past decade or so, many more people have started using computers and the Internet, so these issues have become important. In 1992, the Computer Ethics Institute was founded in the United States. This is a research, education, and policy study group whose goal is to increase awareness of the ethicalissues that are likely to come up as technology develops.One concept the Computer Ethics Institute has developed is the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. These rules are important guidelines the Institute thinks all computer users should follow. Now some of you may be familiar with the Ten Commandments from the Bible, like, uh, "Thou shalt not kill" or "Thou shalt honor thy father and thy mother." The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics have been written in the same style of language used in the Ten Commandments from the Bible. For example, they use the phrase "Thou shalt not." "Thou shalt not" means don't or you shouldn't. Let's look at each commandment or rule. The first commandment says: Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people. Simple enough, right? Number Two. Thou shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work. I interpret this to mean don't use a computer in any way that will affect or change the work someone else is doing. Don't move or edit someone else's files without telling them. Number Three. Thou shalt not snoop in other people's files. To snoop means to try to find out something without another person knowing it. If you look at someone else's files on the computer or read their e-mail, you're snooping. Respect other people’s privacy. Number Four. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal. There are situations on the Internet in which you have to decide if you are stealing or not, like downloading music files, as I mentioned earlier.Number Five. Thou shalt not use a computer to say things that are untrue. Itis up to you to be truthful in your website, in your e-business, and in your e- mail.Number Six. Thou shalt not use software for which you have not paid. In other words, if the software is free on the Internet, it's okay to download and use it. However, it is not okay to copy software from a friend, because you didn't pay for it.Number Se ven. Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without telling them, or without paying them. For example, you shouldn't use someone else's computer, password, or Internet connection without asking them first.Number Eight. Thou shalt not appropriate someone else's ideas. Appropriate is spelled A-P-P-R-O-P-R-I-A-T-E.... It means to take words someone else wrote and say they're yours. Uh, for example, you have to write a report for school. If you copy a term paper from the Internet and hand it in, you're breaking the rule. Copying even a few sentences off the Internet andpresenting them as your own is breaking the rule.Number Nine. The ninth commandment says: Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing. Now, this applies mostlyto computer programmers. Social consequences means how the program you're writing might affect others in society. Could hackers possibly use your program to illegally gain access to a computer system? Skillful hackers can hack into banks and into credit card companies; they can alter accounts and steal money. They can also create viruses that can cause billions of dollars of damage worldwide.Number Ten. The tenth commandment says: Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that are respectful of others. For example, sending unfriendly e-mail to someone or about someone or creating websites with negative messages are examples of breaking this rule.OK, the Computer Ethics Institute has sent these guidelines to many large companies and to schools across the United States. However, there's no way to enforce these rules. Nevertheless, they would like to see schools, in particular, utilize these rules to help students develop a strong sense of computer ethics. OK, any questions or comments at this point?STUDENT 1: How are we supposed to remember all those rules? TEACHER: Well, there are a lot of rules, but they all boil down to a couple of principles: respect and fairness. Respect what belongs to others and use resources fairly. Does that help?STUDENT 1: Yeah, I guess so.TEACHER:good. Let’s go back to ethics. Now increasingly, schools are seeing that students need to be taught computer ethics as part of the school curriculum. Some schools have come up with acceptable-use policies, or rules about what is or isn’t OK for students to do regarding computer use. This is how the Computer Ethics Institute would like to see schools utilizing the rules. Generally, it’s considered wrong to steal someone else’s password or to read someone else’s e-mail. It’s also considered unacceptable in college classes for a student to down load a term paper off the Internet and pretend that he or she wrote it. This is called “plagiarism,” and it’s a good exampleof breaking rule number eight. Students are permitted to use the Internet for research, but are instructed to write the information in their own words and to explain where they got the information.Now the ten rules are guidelines for us to follow. These rules help us to be aware of the ethical uses of technology. Let’s stop here for today. Think about these rules this week and we’ll talk about them. And read the next two chapters for next week.Unit 9 Which Way Will It Go?TEACHER: The topic for today's class is land as a resource. Land, water, trees, oil.., these are all resources, and as future environmental scientists, you need to understand how to manage these resources. As the world population increases, managing land resources will become a greater priority. Land is a limited resource.Today I'm going to divide the lecture into two parts. First we'll look at some of the factors contributing to pressures on the land we have, and then I wantto turn to some of the ways people worldwide are trying to address land problems and meet the needs of future generations. Think of it as first the bad news, then the good news. Let me start by saying there is less good productive land now than there was even ten years ago. By productive land I mean land that is fertile, that we can use to grow food and raise animals. Each year more and more land becomes degraded. We are losing productive land. Worldwide, new dry areas are developing and expanding. This is happening on every continent except Antarctica.I don't mean existing deserts like the Sahara are getting bigger. I'm talking about new dry areas, areas where land has been declining in quality. You can see these areas in the map in your book. Why are these areas forming and expanding? What do you think? Theresa?STUDENT 1: It's the climate, isn't it? The earth is getting, you know, hotter because of global warming, so water gets evaporated and the land dries out. TEACHER: OK. Marcel, do you agree?STUDENT 2: Well, yeah. It has to be the weather. What else could it be? TEACHER: Well, different reasons have been given. Some people contribute it to global warming or to climate changes. They say nature simply produces dry regions, like the Sahara Desert, as well as wet regions, like the Amazon Rainforest Well, let's think about this. Is it only the weather? Let's see if there are other factors contributing to this trend. Is nature, or the weather, really the problem? According to a large group of scientists, the weather isn't the main factor. Instead, they say, people are the main factor. When they say people are the main problem, they mean people's actions--how people use and manage land. Poor land management, overpopulation, poor farming techniques, too many animals, and so on, can all affect the land.Look at the chart in your book. As you can see, researchers have identified several ways human activities contribute to the problem. The first is overgrazing by farm animals. They say about 35 percent of the loss of productive land is due to overgrazing by farm animals. The second is overcutting of trees, which leads to about 30 percent of the loss. And lastly, 28 percent of the loss of good land is from methods of farming. Overgrazing, overcutting, and farming methods. Let's look at these one at a time.The first is overgrazing. Good topsoil is lost or damaged because of overgrazing by farm animals. Overgrazing means the animals eat too many of the plants. There are several bad results of overgrazing. First, there aren't enough plants left to hold the soil in place. Then, the topsoil is eroded by wind and rain; they carry it away. Second, as the animals walk around, the soil is compacted, and gets very hard. If the soil is too hard, rain- water isn't absorbed into the soil, and this causes the soil to stay dry and warm. As the soil gets drier, even fewer plants can grow. This, in turn, causes the animals to walk around more and more, in order to find enough food to eat. And, this causes the ground to get packed down even more, and get even drier, and so on. So, you can see that overgrazing can create this cycle.Second, overcutting of trees also contributes to the loss of good land. The main problem is too many trees are cut and not replanted. For years we'veheard about how this is happening on a large scale in the Amazon Rain Forest in Brazil. Trees, like land, are a resource we depend on. They're vital to the whole environmental balance on earth. If trees are cut down and not replanted, there is nothing to hold the good soil. Wind and water carry the good soil away and it erodes quickly, leaving land that is dry and less productive. So, overcutting is another reason why land quality is declining.Third, farming methods are another big factor. In some places, traditional methods that have been used for hundreds of years no longer work well. Why do they no longer work well? Partly because the population is increasing,and farmers aren't equipped to meet these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out. More people need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers may use too much fertilizer on the limited land they have, or not let the land rest from year to year, causing it to become less fertile. Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don't think about. Irrigation water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the soil can no longer be used for farming. Currently, about one third of the irrigated land in the world has too much salt in it. Irrigation has taken a heavy toll on good land.So, basically, how people use the land seems to be a bigger factor in the decrease of productive land than weather. Of course, weather extremes, likeno rain or too much rain, can add to the problem. However, the weather is not the main reason for the problem. Some of the extremes in the weather caused by global warming can make the situation worse for people who live in these dry areas. But the weather alone is not the main issue.The decline of productive land is a worldwide problem. Currently, about one third of the world's land area is considered unproductive because it is too dry and damaged.OK, so that's the bad news. Now let's turn to the good news. What are countries doing to help preserve land as a resource? As experts learn more about this worldwide problem, they have tried to find ways to address it. Right now there are several organizations, the United Nations for one, that are working to help people. They try to help countries or communities look at their specific problems and figure out what possible changes they can maketo protect their land. They talk to people about their farming methods, their animals, and how they use trees and other resources. Then they suggest changes that might alleviate some of their problems. Farmers might try to grow genetically engineered crops that don't hurt the soil as much, or plant new trees, or raise fewer animals, or build new irrigation systems that leave less salt in the soil. They look for local solutions that will work best for that country. This includes looking at what has been done traditionally and implementing modern farming methods in ways that respect the local culture. So, let's review what we covered today. I mentioned that about one third of the available land worldwide has become dry and less productive. The main reason for land degradation is people's actions, including overgrazing by animals, overcutting of trees, and farming methods. As scientists learn more, we need to work to help countries make specific changes and for farmers to become better equipped so that they can preserve the good land that is left. Let me just add that if we look at the estimates of what the world populationwill be fifty years from now-- about 9 billion people―it helps us see that protecting the good land that's left needs to be a high priority. I'll stop there. We'll continue with this next class. That's all for this afternoon.Unit 10 It's in the DNATEACHER: Good morning. Today we'll talk about an important topic in biology--DNA and DNA testing. Can anybody tell us what DNA stands for? STUDENT 1: de-oxyribonucleic acidTEACHER: Right. It's the molecule that carries genetic information in all living cells. Now first, we'll look at what DNA is and when it was discovered. Then, we'll look at DNA testing and several applications, or uses of testing. This is an exciting topic for biologists because the more we learn about DNA, the more we see how science may change our lives--from healthcare to our relationships. OK, what does DNA look like?STUDENT 1: It looks like two strings, kind of wrapping around each other. TEACHER: Yes, exactly. There's a simple drawing of one in your book. As you can see, a molecule of DNA consists of two strands of chemical compounds arranged in a twisted pattern. Inside the human cell are chromosomes. The DNA is organized in twenty-three pairs of chromosomesin the cell. Genes are arranged on the chromosomes and these carry fundamental genetic information like hair color, eye color, or characteristics that aren't as visible, such as intelligence, and a lot more. Scientists have been studying DNA for a long time. First, in 1860, Gregor Mendel made two important discoveries: tiny particles he called genes, and, that genes carry information from cell to cell. Now this was really the beginning. Then, in 1953, J. D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered and described the DNA structure. Their work was so important that they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. For the first time, scientists could understand exactly how DNA tells the cells what to do. This generated more DNA research, and by the end of the twentieth century, scientists made other important discoveries. Probably the most important work was the Human Genome Project. The goal of the Human Genome Project was to complete the first reading of the human genome, the complete set of human DNA. Uh, this was a huge job, but after ten long years in June, 2000, the head of the Project announced that they had identified the complete set of human genes. Uh, this was a huge deal. Most people saw this as the beginning of a whole new era in DNA research. Scientists could readall of the genetic messages in the human body! This is, of course, a very brief history of the study of DNA.All right, let's consider DNA testing. One important use of DNA testing is testing identity, which is also called DNA fingerprinting. Here's how a DNA fingerprint is done. Scientists take a small sample of someone's hair or skin, which contain DNA. Next, they treat the sample with chemicals and make a film, like a small photograph. On this film there is a visible pattern of black bars. This pattern of black bars is unique for each person. So, a DNA sample from your hair identifies you, it's, it's like your fingerprint; it identifies you and you only. I see a question. Miguel?STUDENT 2: Does theDNA from hair or skin or blood all look the same?TEACHER: No, not exactly. The DNA from your hair will look like hair DNA but it will be uniquely your DNA pattern. It's sort of like all noses look like noses, right? But your nose looks like your nose only.Now I want to look at two applications, or uses, of DNA testing. First, how it can be used by doctors, and second, how it can be used by the police. Within health- care, one important use is to identify potential for health problems. Researchers have found some genes linked to specific diseases. For example. Huntington's disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 4, and Alzheimer's disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 19. A genetic link means that doctors know that if someone has defects in these genes, they're more likelyto get these health problems; their potential is increased. Notice, I didn't say "Researchers have found that some gene defects cause specific diseases." There is simply a link.After doctors perform DNA testing, they can then decide the best way to use the information. For example, they may give medication to a patient to prevent a disease from ever starting. Genetic testing can also be used to decide which medicine to give someone. This is called targeted medicine. To me, this is very exciting and promising. There are tiny differences in DNA from person to person. These differences can affect which patients will be helped by a drug, and who may be harmed by it. This is, uh, a tremendous advantage. It saves lives and money.Now, let's look at how DNA testing is used by police. The police can use DNA fingerprints to identify and trace criminals. All they need is a small amount,or trace, of blood or hair from the crime scene. If the DNA samples from the crime scene and the suspect match, the results, at least in the United States, can be used as evidence in court. So, DNA testing can be used to help put someone in prison. In much the same way, DNA testing can be used to help innocent people in prison. People in prison can now try to use DNA testingfor crimes that happened, say, ten years ago. If their DNA fingerprint doesn't match the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene, this can help them get a new trial and perhaps get them out of prison.As you can see, there are benefits to DNA testing. However, there are also some concerns that this type of information might be used against us in the future.Now let's consider how DNA testing could be used against you. What if a company you wanted to work for asked you to take a DNA test? And what if your DNA test showed that you had a gene defect linked to a certain type of cancer? Would the company decide not to hire you? People also worry about health insurance. They're afraid they might not be able to get health insurance if their DNA test shows they're at a higher risk for certain diseases. As a result, in the United States, some laws have been passed to protect the privacy of medical records.Now DNA testing has other possibilities that we won't discuss today. But in any case, many people think about the negative uses of testing--the fear thatit will be used against people or to create "perfect" babies. Others think about police being able to trace criminals and possible advances in healthcare. But, another way to think about it is that it tells us more about who we are, and that's the goal of biology--to understand nature. I guess I'll stop there for today. In the next class, l want to talk in more depth about uses of DNA testing by doctors. OK, we'll start there next time. That's, uh, that's all for today.。

Chapter 7 First Day on the JobGloria: Are you Mark?Mark: Yes.Gloria: I’m Gloria. I’m going to be showing you around. So, which department are you going to be with?Mark: Shipping. I’ll be loading the delivery trucks.Gloria: You have to be strong to do that.Mark: Well, I joined a gym last semester, so I’m in pretty good shape.Gloria: Oh, you’re still in college? Why are you working in a factory?Mark: I’m a business student. I wanted to learn about the dog food business from the bottom up.Gloria: Shipping isn’t really the bottom. Assembly line jobs are the worst. Those people do the same thing over and over and over again all day long. That would drive me bananas.Mark: Yeah, I see what you mean. You been working here along time?Gloria: Uh-huh; about fifteen years.Mark: Fifteen years?!? You must have started when you were five years old. Gloria: Well, thank you, but I was a little older than that. Anyway, this is the time clock where you punch in and out every day. Oh, and make sure you get here by 7:45. Mark: Quarter to eight – that early?Gloria: Yes, that’s when we start. And don’t even think about leaving before 4:45. Ooh, that Mr. Carson—Mark: The owner?Gloria: yeah. Have you met him yet?Mark: Why yes; he’s—Gloria: Well, then you know what I’m talking about. Oh, look over there. That’s the coffee machine and the rest area. We’re allowed one fifteen-minute break in the morning and another one in the afternoon.Mark: Okay.Gloria: Now, lunch time is from 11:45 to 12: 30.Mark: Okay.Gloria: And you will probably have to stay late one day a week to work overtime. Mark: Oh, good, I could use the money.Gloria: The overtime is good. We get double pay for overtime, thanks to the union. You are going ot join the union, aren’t you?Mark: Well, I’m only here for the summer. Besides, unions don’t really—Gloria: Listen, college boy, after you’ve worked here a couple of weeks you’ll be singing a different tune. Without the union, Old Man Carson would work us to death. Mark: Oh, come on! He can’t be that bad.Gloria: Are you kidding? He’s so mean, I wouldn’t be surprised if he fed his own kids Carson’s Canine Cuisin!Mark: Dog food?!?Gloria: If he cared, we’d get better pay and benefits. Do you know that you have to work here a year before you get medical insurance?Mark: A whole year?Gloria: Yeah, and there’s no dental or retirement plan at all.Mark: well, surely you get vacation time.Gloria: We only get one week of vacation a year, and Carson makes us take it in the winter!Mark: I can’t believe that.Gloria: Well, you should. He is the cheapest, meanest man –oh, there he is…How are you today, Mr. Carson?Mr. Carson: Hello.Gloria: Isn’t that a beautiful tie you’re wearing.Mr. Carson: Yes, yes, thank you. Now, are you giving young Mark all the information he needs?Gloria: yes, sir. And I’m sure he’s going to be a fine worker.Mr. Carson: Well, he should be. He’s just like his father.Gloria: His father, sir?Mr. Carson: Why of course, Mark, Jr., has been around dog food all his life. All of this will be his one day. That’s why we’ve got him working here this summer.Gloria: Mark, Jr., Eeeuw…Part ThreeExercise 3ACounselor: Okay, let’s get started. I’d first like for you to tell me what you think your strongest skills are.Ted: I’m not very organized. My work room at home is a mess. But everything in my house works really well. I love to fix anything that breaks and I’m good at electrical repairs. My neighbor’s front light was broken for months and I fixed it in just five minutes.Counselor: Have you ever worked as an electrician or repairman?Ted: I did work as a refrigerator repairman, but I really didn’t like going into people’s homes to work. I hated listening to all those customers complaining all the time. I prefer working by myself.Counselor: Well, it sounds like you might want to start your own business.Ted: Yeah, but it’s hard and it takes a long time to get enough customers to make a decent living.Counselor: Why don’t you get a part-time job at first and work out of your home on the weekends?Ted: That would be hard. My wife works on weekends and I need to take care of the kids. I really would love a job outdoors. I love fresh air and I prefer not always working in the same place.Counselor: Well, that’s a very important thing to remember when you choose a career.What other jobs have you had, Ted?Ted: Let’s see. I once worked as a furniture moving man, but I’m too old for that now. And Iworked as a bus driver when I was younger.Counselor: How did you like that?Ted: It was Okay. But I didn’t like the night shifts. I really prefer 9-5.Counselor: And what about advancement? Is that important to you?Ted: Advancement?Counselor: That’s when you start out at a low job and then move up to something better.Ted: Advancement means nothing to me. I mean I don’t care about having a fancy title. I’m more interested in making a lot of money—I have to with my family and all.Exercise 3BJob 1Okay. Now, it seems to me that you have very strong organizational skills. You seem to like working in an office and it’s also important for you to help people. There is a job at a hospital which I think is perfect for you. The position is at the front desk. You will help people as they check into the hospital. How does that sound?Job 2Now for you. With your people skills and love of foreigners, I think you would enjoy a job that lets you meet people from all over the world. The airlines pay very well, and you only work a few weeks out of every month which would give you time to travel. They especially want people who speak different languages, so I think you’d have a very easy time finding a position.Job 3IN your case, working by yourself seems to be very important. You seem to want regular hours. You have very strong mechanical skills, but prefer to work outdoors. Now the telephone company will train you to work on the telephone lines. Your work will be outdoors and you wouldn’t have to deal with the customers. You would earn a very good salary and receive wonderful benefits, which I’m sure is important for your family.Part FourEx 1 & 2I won the lottery?1.We get a break at 10:15?2.The dental plan is free.3.We don’t get any vacation pay?4.You have a career counselor at your school.5.I’ve got to work overtime tonight.6.There’s an ad for a doctor in a children’s magazine.7.You have to join the union.8.The assembly line workers get $2.0 an hour more than the shippers?9.Mary got fired last week.10.This is the manager’s office.Part Five Listening PracticeEx 11. How many hours of overtime do you work a week?2. When would you be able to begin working?3. Is a college degree required for that job?4. You get an hour-and-a –half lunch break?5. Which job did you apply for?6. What kind of experience do you have?7. Why are you applying for the graveyard shift?8. What kind of benefits does the company offer?Ex 21. You’ll be eligible for medical insurance after you’ve worked here six months.2. I can only work part time until I finish school.3. The newspaper ad said applicants should apply in person.4. Mary came to work two and a half hours late?5. Edward is very good at using tools to build and repair things.6. If you really want to understand the restaurant business, you should learn about it from the bottom up.7. I’d like a job that involves communicating, leading, advising, and helping others. Ex 31.Question: Which program would be best for this student?Mr. Adelson: How are you today, Jerry?Jerry: Pretty good, Mr. Adelson.Mr. Adelson: Now, have you thought about what kind of program you want to get into?Jerry: Not really, but my cousin is an auto mechanic, and he thinks it’s a good job. Besides, he makes pretty good money.Mr. Adelson: So, you enjoy working with cars?Jerry: I don’t really know very much about cars, except how to drive them.Mr. Adelson: But you are good with your hands?Jerry: I’m okay, I guess. But I think it might be more fun to work with people instead of being stuck under a dirty car all day.Mr. Adelson: I see. Have you given any thought to where you might like to work? That is, would you like to work in an office, at a hospital, or maybe a school? Jerry: Gee, I don’t know. I guess the best situation would be if I could be outside some of the time; you know, not stuck at a desk in an office eight hours a day. And if I could learn how to do something that can help people, it would be great. Do you think there’s a program that has all those things in it?Mr. Adelson: I’m sure we can find something.2. Question: Why might the workers go on strike?Al: Hey, Martha, are you going to the meeting tonight?Martha: What meeting?Al: I can’t believe you didn’t hear about it. The whole factory is talking about it. Contract negotiations broke down yesterday , so tonight we’re going to meet to take a strike vote.Martha: A strike vote?Al: Yeah, I was a little surprised myself, but like the union rep says, we won’t get anywhere unless we show the bosses we’re seriousMartha: But I can’t afford to go on strike. These things can drag on for months. How am I going to pay the rent, buy food, and pay for Billy’s tuition if we go on strike? I’m a single mother, you know. I can’t rely on my husband to support me like some of these other women can.Al: How can you afford not to go on strike? Look, nobody said it would be easy, but if we want to get a decent salary, we’re going to have to fight for it. Did you know; I can’t rely on my husband to support me like some of these other women can. Martha: Yeah, but our medical and dental coverage is better. Plus, we get really good vacation and sick leave. When Billy broke his arm last year, my insurance paid for the whole thing. We’re lucky to have that.Al: That’s true, but medical insurance doesn’t put food on the table. Besides, there’s no reason we can’t have a good salary and good coverage.Martha: I see what you mean.3. Question: Which is the skills area Amy strongest in?Counselor: Amy, I’ve been going over the results of your Interest Assessment Questionnaire. Would you like to hear which areas you scored highest in?Amy: Sure.Counselor: Well, according to your scores, you enjoy analyzing and evaluating things very carefully. Is that true?Amy: Yes, I guess it is. I’ve always been good at math, and I like figuring out problems.Counselor: The test also indicates that you are interested in planning and developing ideas, and making lists and keeping records.Amy: That’s true. One of my hobbies is stamp collecting. I really like thinking of new ways to organize them. I also have to keep very careful records to make sure I don’t buy the same stamp twice.Counselor: That’s interesting. Tell me, are you interested in learning how to use computers?Amy: Well, I did take a computer class in high school, but to tell you the truth, I didn’t really like it. I know that studying computer science is really popular these days, but I just don’t think it’s something for me. Unless you think I should take those classes to find a good job.Counselor: No, I don’t think you should study something you’re not really interested in. You want to be happy in the work you end up doing, so it’s important to choose carefully. Don’t worry, we’ll find the right program for you.Amy: I sure hope so.Ex 41.Alice didn’t want to take the listening class, but after I told her how much Ilearned, she changed her mind.2.I can work any time, any day—even on holidays.3.I don’t care what the job is as long as I can work outdoors.4.Mr. Jackson, my former boss, wrote a wonderful letter of recommendation forme.5.The company was very successful last year because all of the workers helpedeach other with their jobs.6.I work from 11pm to 7 am.7.Ed has been building his dream house for the last twenty years.8.This job has excellent medical, dental, and retirement plans.9.The president of this company started working here thirty years ago as a mailroom clerk.10.Marilyn Burke is the best boss we’ve ever had.。

Lesson TwelvePart IListening practiceTelephone NumbersTask1Directions: listen carefully. Write the telephone number with a dash after the first three numbers (664-2417). Then write the area code numbers.Getting telephone numbers written down correctly is important both for business and social reasons. Local telephone numbers in the United States have seven digits. The name of each digit is usually pronounced individually. For example, this number (764-2417) is pronounced, "seven, six, four...two, four, one, seven." . ,To make long distance calls you must put three area code digits before the local number.1. His telephone number is 342-6070. The Miami area code is 305.2. The number is 911-1144.The Cleveland area code is 216. 3- My new number is 623-4030. The Detroit area code is 313. 4. Her number is 505-6653.The New Orleans area code is 504.5. The office number is 610-1214. The Boston area code is 617.6. Their new telephone number is 632-1010. The Washington, D.C. area code is 202.7. The travel agency's number is 211-4579. The New York City area code is 212.8. Dr. Brown's number is 397-4231. The Tucson area code is 602.9. The doctor's number is 974-0012. The Philadelphia area code is 215.10. The bus station's number is 864-3079.The Seattle area code is 206.Notice the difference between the area code for Washington, D.C, 202, and the state of Washington, with the city, Seattle. The area code for Seattle, Washington is 206. Do not confuse Washington, D.C. with the state of Washington.$ Task 2Directions: Listen to the questions on the tape and write down each number.1. What is the area code for Detroit, Michigan?2. If you lived in Washington, D.C, what would your area code be?3. Write the entire telephone number for the person who lives in Miami, Florida.Begin with the three digits of the area code. Then put a dash and copy the numbers of the local number.4. What is your telephone number?Telephone QuizTask 3Directions: Listen to some terms that you might hear on the telephone. Match them with the following expressions that have the same meanings. Put the correct number in the box before each sentence according to the order you bear. The first one has been done for you.> The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service. ? > You can dial that direct.> Please have her call me back at 654-9234.> I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?> She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?> What number did you dial?> This number is unlisted.> I'll connect your call. Please hold.> This is a recording.> There is no one here by that name.Task 4Directions: Listen again. Write down the expressions you hear on the tape. Section CCall 1 'A: Krondike Electronics. Can I help you?B: Yes, I'd like to speak to Mr. Edwards, please.A: Who's calling, please? " ' fB: John Bird. ;|r ??'A: Just a moment Mr. Bird; I'll put you through.C: Miss Taylor speaking.B: John Bird here. Can I speak to Mr. Edwards?C: I'm afraid he's out at the moment. Can I take a message?B: Yes, could you ask him to call me back as soon as possible?C: Yes, of course. Could I have your number?B: He's got it, but just in case, it's 01-253 4686.B: Thank you. ByeCall 2A: John Bird speaking.B: This is Pete Edwards. My secretary said you called.A: Yes, that's right. Thanks for getting back. Look, the reason I called was we're having installation problems with the E 258.B: Really, that surprises me. What sort of problems? :.A: Well, it's a bit complicated. Could you send a technician round?B: of course, I'll get one round this afternoon.A: That would be great.B: OK, I'm sure we'll sort it out in no time. Bye.A: Goodbye.Call 3A: Pearson and Brown. Can I help you?B: This is Gerald Smith from Taylor & Sons. Could I speak to Mrs. Phillips? A: Just a moment, Mr. Smith, I'll put you through.C: Susan Phillips speaking.B: Hello Susan. This is Gerald Smith.C: Oh hello, Gerald. How are you?B: Fine. I'm just phoning to see if we could fix a meeting for next week.C: Yes, of course. We've got to discuss next year's order. Just a moment, I'll get mydiary... Right, next week... ?B: Could you manage Tuesday?C: I'm sorry. I'm out all day on Tuesday.B: What about Friday then?C: Yes, Friday in the morning would suit me fine.B: Good, that suits me too. Shall we say 10 o'clock?C: Fine. So 10 o'clock here then?B: Yes, that's probably easiest. Right, I look forward to seeing you.C: Bye.B: Bye.Task 6Directions: Listen again and check your answers.Telephone Use in Business$ Task 7Directions: Listen to a talk about telephone use in business. Decide whether the following statements are true (V) or false (x).In many companies and agencies today, the principal contact with customers is by telephone. When you use the telephone, you can't rely on facial expressions, gestures, or appearances. The impression you make depends entirely on what you say and how you say it. The following tips can help you improve your communications when using the telephone.One, mind your manners. People who make the phone call will consider it acceptable and courteous when you answer the phone on or before the third ring. Even though you are in the midst of an important job when the phone rings, the caller will evaluate the competence of your organization by how quick you pick up and answer the phone, not by how important the work you are doing. As soon as you pick up the phone, identify yourself and your department or organization. If you are answering the telephone for a company or an institution and you need to put a customer on hold, always ask, "Will you hold?" Return to the customer after no more than 45 seconds and thank the person for holding. If you think the wait will last a long time, offer to call the customer back.Two, project your personality. The person at the other end of the line can't see you-although that is changing with the arrival of television telephones. For now, however, the only way you can usually convey your warmth, eagerness to help, and interest in the customer is through your voice. Here are six ways you can make your first vocal impression a positive one.1) Speak loudly enough to be heard, but not too loudly.2) Speak clearly. Don't mumble, chew gum, or eat while you are talking on the telephone.3) Speak in a pleasant tone of voice. Smile. The other person won't see the smile, but he or she will hear it in your voice.4) Keep background noise to a minimum.5) Use correct grammar and pronunciation. If you don't know how to pronounce a name, ask.6) Be sensitive to the other person's situation. If there's a bad connection, offer to call back. If theother person seems to have a hearing problem or a limited command of English, speak more slowly and clearly, use simple words, and respond patiently to questions.Keep these in mind and you'll serve your customer more effectively the next time when you use the phone, either to place a call or to answer one.Task 8Directions: Listen to the talk again and write down the missing words you have heard in the corresponding space.Part IIIListening Comprehension TestDirections: In this section, you will hear two talks. Complete the sentences and answer the questions below. You will hear each talk twice. At the end of each talk there will be a 3 minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.Talk lAs a convenience to the consumer, many businesses and agencies in the United States provide a special telephone number so that their customers may call them long distance free of charge. This is called an 800 number. To use an 800 number, dia1-800 and then the seven-digit phone number of the company. If you don't know if the company you want to reach long distance has an 800 number, dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator. This operator can give you the 800 number for any company, hotel, or agency which has one in the United States. Other numbers, called 900 numbers, are not free. These numbers, which may cost as much as $5.00 per minute to call, are used to sell many products and Unit Twelve services, from information about jobs to hints on how to maintain your car. Many of the 900 numbers are legitimate businesses that want the caller to pay the cost of the call. However, other numbers are designed to take advantage of the caller by charging very high rates or encouraging unauthorized callers, such as children, to call. Some numbers even provide a person who will have suggestive sexual conversation with the caller.Therefore, when calling a 900 number, you need to find out how much the call will cost before you dial. In most states, the caller must be informed at the start of the call or in the advertisement about the charges for using the 900 number. If you don't want anyone to be able to dial 900 numbers from your telephone, you can ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone.Talk 2Have you been with a friend and not had a conversation with him/her because he/she was busy on their mobile? A recent poll done in the United States shows an epidemic of inconsiderate use of the cell phone. Of those polled, 3% admit to being addicted to their cell phone. 76% use their cell phone in their car. 60% take calls while in the supermarket and 52% take calls on public transportation. Since the mobile lifestyle is here to stay, here are a few tips on cell phone etiquette that you must keep in mind as a proud owner of the handset:<■Don't use loud and annoying ring tones that destroy concentration andeardrums.<■Modulate your voice especially when speaking on a cell phone in a public area. ^ Keep your conversation brief especially while in a public area or when notalone.■Maintain at least a 10-foot zone from anyone while talking.Turn off your cell phone when entering conference rooms, classrooms, interviews, theatres, religious places of worship or any other places as it can be distracting or disruptive to others. Never talk on a cell phone while driving. Use a hands-free kit or any other gadget that will mean using both your hands for driving. Using a cell phone while driving is not only dangerous to you and illegal but you may endanger the life of another innocent person. If you get an important call while driving, pull over.■$■Do not use a cell phone inside an airplane or a hospital ward as this may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.This Cell Phone Etiquette Guide is a declaration, created by the people, for the people, to establish protection for all citizens against the rude, uncivil and discourteous use of cell phones.Keys:Unit TwelvePart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephone NumbersTask l(1)342-6070 305(2) 911-1144 216(3) 623-4030 313(4) 505-6653 504(5) 610-1214 617(6) 632-1010 202(7) 211-4579 212(8) 397-4231 602(9) 974-0012 215(10) 864-3079 206Task 2(1) 313(2) 202(3)305 342-6070(4) student's numberSection B Telephone QuizTask 310, 9, 1, 4, 6, 2, 7, 8, 5, 3.Task 41. The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service.2. You can dial that direct.3. Please have her call me back at 654-9234.4. I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?5. She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?6. What number did you dial?7. This number is unlisted.8. I'll connect your call. Please hold.9. This is a recording. v10. There is no one here by that name.Section C Making ArrangementsTask 5Section D Telephone Use in BusinessTask 71. True2. True3. False4. False5. FalseTask 8(1) facial expressions （2）gestures (3) appearances (4) what (5) how (6) manners (7) the third ring (8) pick up (9) identify (10) put a customer on hold (11)45 seconds (12)personality (13) warmth (14) eagerness (15)voice (16) mumble (17) tone of voice (18) minimum (19) hearing (20) commandPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk l1. so that their customers may call them long distance free of charge.2. dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator who can help you.3. sell products and services.4. charging high rates or encouraging unauthorized callers to call.5. ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone. Talk 21. Cell phone etiquette.2. Inappropriate use of the cell phone is widespread.3. Ten feet.4. Because the cell phone can be distracting or disruptive to others.5. It may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.。

Have you wished you were better at making a conversation? A great conversationalist is someone who connects with people and makes them feel important. When they talk to you, they make you feel like you're the only person in the room.Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice breaker. The best kind of ice breaker is one that's positive. A compliment is always a good ice breaker and will usually be appreciated. Any news event is a good ice breaker. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it's not negative, and as long as it's not a lie. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you is by being sincere and respectful, and letting them know that you are interested in talking to them.Once you've got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don't require just a yes or no answer. Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out; who, what, when, where, why and how questions. You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the "elaboration technique". Once you hit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible. A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they've had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time—who was there, what happened, where it was, and how people arranged the party. Go into detail. Description is the best form of communication because it keeps people's interest up and stimulates them.If you started a conversation with another person, and you're having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings.Breaking eye contact is a discreet signal that the conversation is about to end. Another way to signal is to use transition words like well, or at any rate. You may want to recap all that was said. Whatever you do, don't lie to the other person. If you're not interested in talking to them again, don't mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That's hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, "Nice meeting you." And then, leave.Finally, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.First StoryMy husband and I met in high school. During our senior year, we studies biology together. We talked and laughed a lot during class. One Friday, we Joked that we should go on a date that night. At first, I didn't know if he was serious. He didn't know if I was joking. That night I put on a new dress and waited. He had a more difficult time. He had to knock on the door without knowing if I would be ready or not. But he knocked, and I was ready! That was our first date. This year, we celebrated our fortieth wedding anniversary'Second StoryMy husband and I met one day at an airport. It was Christmas day. I was picking up my friend Bernd. He was coming from Germany to spend the holidays with my family. While we were waiting for his luggage, I heard a man speaking in Italian. I decided to say something to him because I speak Italian.I said, "Buon Natale" which means, "Merry Christmas!" When I spoke in Italian, he said, "Mama mia! Why do you speak Italian? Who are you?" He asked me for my phone number. He called me the next day, and we dated for a year. Then we got married. So be careful who you talk to in the airport!Third StoryMy wife and I met through our parents. Our parents arranged our marriage. Before we got married, my wife and I wanted to meet. Our parents arranged our first meeting in a restaurant. That night, we talked about ourselves and what we wanted in our lives. We talked for hours. We shared our hopes and dreams. After a while, we decided that our parents were right! And we got married.Fourth StoryMy wife and 1 met through a matchmaker. I'm an engineer, and in my field, most people are men. I couldn't meet any women at work. So one day I saw an advertisement for a matchmaking service, and I decided to call. The matchmaker introduced me to many nice women. I enjoyed meeting them, but I didn't meet anyone I wanted to marry. Finally, she introduced me to my wife. I decided not to date any other women because I liked her very much. We enjoyed the same things, and we laughed a lot together. We also had the same goals and values in life. My wife and I were married six years ago, and now we have two children. I'm glad I picked up the phone and called that matchmaker!Among married couples in the U.S., one finds a wide range of living patterns. Some older couples still have traditional marriages, with the man as breadwinner and the woman as homemaker. But most younger women today are not content to be full-time homemakers. The women's liberation movement, which swept the country in the 1960s, changed attitudes and behavior forever. Today's young American woman wants marriage, but she also wants her own identity. She wants what men have always had—a marriage that is important but still allows time to pursue individual goals. The maJority of American wives, even those with children, work outside the home- As a result, the older idea that housework, cooking, and child care are "women's work" is being discarded. In the contemporary American marriage, the husband and wife share both financial and domestic responsibilities.Sharing money-making and housekeeping responsibilities provides a better life for the family. Of course, problems can develop in the two-income family if the husband expects his working wife to be the perfect homemaker that his stay-at-home mother was- Also, there may be arguments if the wife expects her husband to help with household chores, but he is unwilling to do so. In most families, the working wife probably still handles the largest share of the housework, cooking, and child care. but she gets some help from her husband.The contemporary American marriage is also characterized by a relationship of equality and shared decision making. Most American women today will not tolerate a husband who considers himself the boss. The American girl is given freedom and education equal to a boy's. After completing her education, she is able to get a job and support herself. She does not need to marry for financial security. She is self-sufficient and will not accept a submissive role in marriage. When husband and wife are able to share decision making and respect each other's viewpoints, their marriage is probably closer than those of past generations. When they battle for dominance, they're likely to end up in divorce court.“Ring out the old, ring in the new,” wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the nineteenth-century English poet. And that's exactly what Americans do every December 31. New Year's Eve is a time for noise and fun- At home or in restaurants, most Americans drink and dine with friends- At midnight on New Year's Eve, bells ring, horns blow, and friends toast each other with champagne. It's also customary to exchange kisses. New Year's Eve festivities often continue until two or three o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends The country's most crowded New Year's Eve celebration takes place in New York City's Times Square. Since 1907, the famous ball-lowering ceremony has been a holiday highlight. To celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, an estimated 2 million people crowded into Times Square, and hundreds of million viewed the scene on TV The huge, 1,070-pound lighted crystal ball began its descent from a 77-foot flagpole at 11:59 p.m. and reached the bottom at exactly midnight. Simultaneously, confetti, balloons, and fireworks brightened the night sky. It was the biggest public event ever held in the city.What do Americans do on New Year's Day? Many sleep late because they stayed up all night long. Many watch TV which offers spectacular parades and football games between champion college teams. From ancient times to the present. New Year's customs have been connected with saying good-bye to the past and looking forward to a better future. Therefore, New Year's Day often inspires people to start new programs and give up bad habits. Some people make New Year's resolutions. People talk about "turning over a new leaf", referring to a clean, blank page or a fresh start. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking, begin a diet, or be nicer to others. It's safe to assume that about half of them are forgotten by January 31'It was a cool autumn evening. Mrs. Brown was sitting in her living room, reading. Suddenly, there was a loud knock on her door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her door. Then she opened the door a little and looked out. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When they saw her, they all shouted, "Trick or treat! Money or eats!"Mrs, Brown dropped a candy bar into each child's bag."Thanks for the candy," shouted the children as they ran off to ring another doorbell-"You're welcome," said Mrs. Brown. "Have fun, and don't play any pranks."Every year on October 31. Halloween scenes like this occur throughout the USA. American children love to dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating. If an adult refuses to supply a treat—candy, cookies, fruit, or money— the children may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing, throwing raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream on cars and friends.Halloween is celebrated by nearly all American children, and over 70% of adults also participate in some Halloween activity. College students and other young adults may attend masquerade parties or Halloween parades. Many families carve pumpkins and decorate the outside of their homes with the traditional Halloween symbols. Businesses get into the act, too. Store windows display jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, and witches. Servers in restaurants and salespeople in supermarkets and bookstores are often in costume. Many nightclubs and bars encourage customers to come in costume by offering prizes for the best disguisesUINT 4 PART 31. W: Some people say that many TV programs are silly, meaningless, or a waste of time. What do youthink of them, Jim?M: It seems to me that some important social issues—like drugs, divorce and so on—are dealt with fairly realistically and a lot of honest talks can be heard in these programs.Q: What does the man think of the TV programs?2. W: How was the lecture yesterday?M: Well... It was a complete drag.W: How come? Many students seem to be interested inJohnson's lecture.M: But the one yesterday was the pits. It bored me to tears.Q: How does the man think about the lecture yesterday?3. W: Frank, what do you think about your college life?M: Generally speaking, my college years are exciting and rewarding, but they are certainly not easy or carefree. Just about all college students face the pressure of making important career decisions and some anxiety about examinations and grades.Q: What does the man think about his college life?4. W: Wow! This is a marvelous room! Whose idea was it to decorate the room like this?M: It was Jane's.W: I never knew she was good at this. She must be very art-conscious.Q: What does the woman think about Jane now?5. W: I've been reading a lot lately about the issue of women's rights, and I find that is a very hot topicnow.M: It depends on which magazine or paper you read. If it's a women's magazine, just about every article has that as a topic in one way or another.Q: What is the man's response to the woman's saying?6. M: Ann, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimmingtogether?W: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot of good memories from here.M: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Q: What does the man think of the woman?7. W: How are you doing since you retired four months ago?M; I thought it would be wonderful to be retired. I have looked forward to this day for thirty years, but now I'm considering volunteering.Q: What does the man feel about his retired days?8. W: Well, it seems that Frank has become quite a famous painter.M: Has he? You know I'm a professional artist myself and I question how much talent Frank has. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man's comments?UINT 14 SECTION A1、Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.2、Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday.Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.3、Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!4、Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.5、Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.6、Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend.Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful1、Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again.Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.2、Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have abad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But I know that youdon't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right?MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study.Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you need to payattention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow my advice, you'llstart to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food.Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to two cups a day. Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week. It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and is easy todo. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Most people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to the store, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.。

Lesson TwelvePart IListening practiceTelephone NumbersTask1Directions: listen carefully. Write the telephone number with a dash after the first three numbers (664-2417). Then write the area code numbers.Getting telephone numbers written down correctly is important both for business and social reasons. Local telephone numbers in the United States have seven digits. The name of each digit is usually pronounced individually. For example, this number (764-2417) is pronounced, "seven, six, four...two, four, one, seven." . ,To make long distance calls you must put three area code digits before the local number.1. His telephone number is 342-6070. The Miami area code is 305.2. The number is 911-1144.The Cleveland area code is 216. 3- My new number is 623-4030. The Detroit area code is 313. 4. Her number is 505-6653.The New Orleans area code is 504.5. The office number is 610-1214. The Boston area code is 617.6. Their new telephone number is 632-1010. The Washington, D.C. area code is 202.7. The travel agency's number is 211-4579. The New York City area code is 212.8. Dr. Brown's number is 397-4231. The Tucson area code is 602.9. The doctor's number is 974-0012. The Philadelphia area code is 215.10. The bus station's number is 864-3079.The Seattle area code is 206.Notice the difference between the area code for Washington, D.C, 202, and the state of Washington, with the city, Seattle. The area code for Seattle, Washington is 206. Do not confuse Washington, D.C. with the state of Washington.$ Task 2Directions: Listen to the questions on the tape and write down each number.1. What is the area code for Detroit, Michigan?2. If you lived in Washington, D.C, what would your area code be?3. Write the entire telephone number for the person who lives in Miami, Florida.Begin with the three digits of the area code. Then put a dash and copy the numbers of the local number.4. What is your telephone number?Telephone QuizTask 3Directions: Listen to some terms that you might hear on the telephone. Match them with the following expressions that have the same meanings. Put the correct number in the box before each sentence according to the order you bear. The first one has been done for you.> The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service. ? > You can dial that direct.> Please have her call me back at 654-9234.> I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?> She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?> What number did you dial?> This number is unlisted.> I'll connect your call. Please hold.> This is a recording.> There is no one here by that name.Task 4Directions: Listen again. Write down the expressions you hear on the tape. Section CCall 1 'A: Krondike Electronics. Can I help you?B: Yes, I'd like to speak to Mr. Edwards, please.A: Who's calling, please? " ' fB: John Bird. ;|r ??'A: Just a moment Mr. Bird; I'll put you through.C: Miss Taylor speaking.B: John Bird here. Can I speak to Mr. Edwards?C: I'm afraid he's out at the moment. Can I take a message?B: Yes, could you ask him to call me back as soon as possible?C: Yes, of course. Could I have your number?B: He's got it, but just in case, it's 01-253 4686.B: Thank you. ByeCall 2A: John Bird speaking.B: This is Pete Edwards. My secretary said you called.A: Yes, that's right. Thanks for getting back. Look, the reason I called was we're having installation problems with the E 258.B: Really, that surprises me. What sort of problems? :.A: Well, it's a bit complicated. Could you send a technician round?B: of course, I'll get one round this afternoon.A: That would be great.B: OK, I'm sure we'll sort it out in no time. Bye.A: Goodbye.Call 3A: Pearson and Brown. Can I help you?B: This is Gerald Smith from Taylor & Sons. Could I speak to Mrs. Phillips? A: Just a moment, Mr. Smith, I'll put you through.C: Susan Phillips speaking.B: Hello Susan. This is Gerald Smith.C: Oh hello, Gerald. How are you?B: Fine. I'm just phoning to see if we could fix a meeting for next week.C: Yes, of course. We've got to discuss next year's order. Just a moment, I'll get mydiary... Right, next week... ?B: Could you manage Tuesday?C: I'm sorry. I'm out all day on Tuesday.B: What about Friday then?C: Yes, Friday in the morning would suit me fine.B: Good, that suits me too. Shall we say 10 o'clock?C: Fine. So 10 o'clock here then?B: Yes, that's probably easiest. Right, I look forward to seeing you.C: Bye.B: Bye.Task 6Directions: Listen again and check your answers.Telephone Use in Business$ Task 7Directions: Listen to a talk about telephone use in business. Decide whether the following statements are true (V) or false (x).In many companies and agencies today, the principal contact with customers is by telephone. When you use the telephone, you can't rely on facial expressions, gestures, or appearances. The impression you make depends entirely on what you say and how you say it. The following tips can help you improve your communications when using the telephone.One, mind your manners. People who make the phone call will consider it acceptable and courteous when you answer the phone on or before the third ring. Even though you are in the midst of an important job when the phone rings, the caller will evaluate the competence of your organization by how quick you pick up and answer the phone, not by how important the work you are doing. As soon as you pick up the phone, identify yourself and your department or organization. If you are answering the telephone for a company or an institution and you need to put a customer on hold, always ask, "Will you hold?" Return to the customer after no more than 45 seconds and thank the person for holding. If you think the wait will last a long time, offer to call the customer back.Two, project your personality. The person at the other end of the line can't see you-although that is changing with the arrival of television telephones. For now, however, the only way you can usually convey your warmth, eagerness to help, and interest in the customer is through your voice. Here are six ways you can make your first vocal impression a positive one.1) Speak loudly enough to be heard, but not too loudly.2) Speak clearly. Don't mumble, chew gum, or eat while you are talking on the telephone.3) Speak in a pleasant tone of voice. Smile. The other person won't see the smile, but he or she will hear it in your voice.4) Keep background noise to a minimum.5) Use correct grammar and pronunciation. If you don't know how to pronounce a name, ask.6) Be sensitive to the other person's situation. If there's a bad connection, offer to call back. If theother person seems to have a hearing problem or a limited command of English, speak more slowly and clearly, use simple words, and respond patiently to questions.Keep these in mind and you'll serve your customer more effectively the next time when you use the phone, either to place a call or to answer one.Task 8Directions: Listen to the talk again and write down the missing words you have heard in the corresponding space.Part IIIListening Comprehension TestDirections: In this section, you will hear two talks. Complete the sentences and answer the questions below. You will hear each talk twice. At the end of each talk there will be a 3 minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.Talk lAs a convenience to the consumer, many businesses and agencies in the United States provide a special telephone number so that their customers may call them long distance free of charge. This is called an 800 number. To use an 800 number, dia1-800 and then the seven-digit phone number of the company. If you don't know if the company you want to reach long distance has an 800 number, dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator. This operator can give you the 800 number for any company, hotel, or agency which has one in the United States. Other numbers, called 900 numbers, are not free. These numbers, which may cost as much as $5.00 per minute to call, are used to sell many products and Unit Twelve services, from information about jobs to hints on how to maintain your car. Many of the 900 numbers are legitimate businesses that want the caller to pay the cost of the call. However, other numbers are designed to take advantage of the caller by charging very high rates or encouraging unauthorized callers, such as children, to call. Some numbers even provide a person who will have suggestive sexual conversation with the caller.Therefore, when calling a 900 number, you need to find out how much the call will cost before you dial. In most states, the caller must be informed at the start of the call or in the advertisement about the charges for using the 900 number. If you don't want anyone to be able to dial 900 numbers from your telephone, you can ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone.Talk 2Have you been with a friend and not had a conversation with him/her because he/she was busy on their mobile? A recent poll done in the United States shows an epidemic of inconsiderate use of the cell phone. Of those polled, 3% admit to being addicted to their cell phone. 76% use their cell phone in their car. 60% take calls while in the supermarket and 52% take calls on public transportation. Since the mobile lifestyle is here to stay, here are a few tips on cell phone etiquette that you must keep in mind as a proud owner of the handset:<■Don't use loud and annoying ring tones that destroy concentration andeardrums.<■Modulate your voice especially when speaking on a cell phone in a public area. ^ Keep your conversation brief especially while in a public area or when notalone.■Maintain at least a 10-foot zone from anyone while talking.Turn off your cell phone when entering conference rooms, classrooms, interviews, theatres, religious places of worship or any other places as it can be distracting or disruptive to others. Never talk on a cell phone while driving. Use a hands-free kit or any other gadget that will mean using both your hands for driving. Using a cell phone while driving is not only dangerous to you and illegal but you may endanger the life of another innocent person. If you get an important call while driving, pull over.■$■Do not use a cell phone inside an airplane or a hospital ward as this may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.This Cell Phone Etiquette Guide is a declaration, created by the people, for the people, to establish protection for all citizens against the rude, uncivil and discourteous use of cell phones.Keys:Unit TwelvePart I Listening PracticeSection A Telephone NumbersTask l(1)342-6070 305(2) 911-1144 216(3) 623-4030 313(4) 505-6653 504(5) 610-1214 617(6) 632-1010 202(7) 211-4579 212(8) 397-4231 602(9) 974-0012 215(10) 864-3079 206Task 2(1) 313(2) 202(3)305 342-6070(4) student's numberSection B Telephone QuizTask 310, 9, 1, 4, 6, 2, 7, 8, 5, 3.Task 41. The number you have dialed has been temporarily disconnected and is no longer in service.2. You can dial that direct.3. Please have her call me back at 654-9234.4. I have a collect call from Sue. Will you accept the charges?5. She isn't here right now. Can I take a message?6. What number did you dial?7. This number is unlisted.8. I'll connect your call. Please hold.9. This is a recording. v10. There is no one here by that name.Section C Making ArrangementsTask 5Section D Telephone Use in BusinessTask 71. True2. True3. False4. False5. FalseTask 8(1) facial expressions （2）gestures (3) appearances (4) what (5) how (6) manners (7) the third ring (8) pick up (9) identify (10) put a customer on hold (11)45 seconds (12)personality (13) warmth (14) eagerness (15)voice (16) mumble (17) tone of voice (18) minimum (19) hearing (20) commandPart III Listening Comprehension TestTalk l1. so that their customers may call them long distance free of charge.2. dial 0, and ask the operator for the 800-number operator who can help you.3. sell products and services.4. charging high rates or encouraging unauthorized callers to call.5. ask your local phone company to block access to 900 numbers from your phone. Talk 21. Cell phone etiquette.2. Inappropriate use of the cell phone is widespread.3. Ten feet.4. Because the cell phone can be distracting or disruptive to others.5. It may interfere with the signals or other sensitive equipment.。

Unit 1Are You Hooked To It?WARM—UPA Listen to three speakers talking about their childhood hobbies. Complete the following chart with the information you hear.NoteTransformers are robots that turn into other things. Usually they turn into vehicles, like cars or jets. Transformers started in 1984 as a line of toys, but then an animated series and a comic book were created. Optimus Prime and Megatron are the names of two robots among many examples.B Discuss the following questions.1. What do you know about stamp collecting? Did you have a special collection whenyou were a child?2.What was your bobby in childhood? How did your hobby affect your life? Do youstill pursue that hobby?L ISTENING FOR CONTENT① listening to a conversationA Listen to a conversation about Internet addiction. After the conversation, somequestions will be asked about what was said. Write down a short answer to each question.1. What is mainly talked about in this conversation?2. Can you describe a picture of a typical Internet addict?3. How can you know whether you are addicted to the Internet or not?B Listen to the conversation again and choose the best answer from the fourchoices given to each question you hear.1. A) She thinks Internet addiction is as serious as drug and smoking addiction.B) She thinks Internet addiction is much severest than alcohol addiction.C) She thinks Internet addiction is less serious than drug and alcohol addiction.D) She thinks Internet addiction is the product of other addictions.2. A) Only young people can be addicted to the Internet.B) Internet addicts include both children and adults.C)There are more adult addicts then teenage addicts.D) Young addicts account for a larger part of Nicholson’s patients.3. A) Some learn how to deal with their relationships with others.B) Some may get into trouble over money issues.C) Most of them commit suicide in the end.D) Most of them care more about their possessions.4. A) People think experts overestimate the harmfulness of Internet addiction.B) Internet addiction can be overcome by the addicts themselves.C) Professor Nicholson thinks that Internet usage should be restricted or prohibited.D) Internet addiction needs to be taken seriously and treated properly.②Listening to a passageA Are you good at your hobbies? Do your hobbies bring as much pleasure as theyused to? Listen to the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to each question you hear.1. A) He feels ashamed about his son’s incompetence.B) He feels the other boys are too competitive.C) He feels real regret for not teaching his son to play socket well.D) He finds it necessary to encourage his son to practice soccer.2. A) He thinks people should practice hard to dance elegantly.B) He thinks a dancer has to wear a nice dress to dance.C) He thinks one would embarrass oneself without good dancing shoes.D) He thinks dancing is a way to relax in one’s spare time.3. A) Hobbies are supposed to bring pleasure to people.B) If a person takes up a hobby, he should work hard at it.C) Dancing and jogging don’t bring much fun to people.D) Self-improvement is an important factor for taking up hobbies.4. A) The speaker simply wants to have a good time.B) The speaker is no good at dancing, singing and drawing.C) The speaker dislikes people being so-so in any activity.D) The speaker is often laughed at by others.B Listen to the passage again discusses the following questions.1. According to the passage, what is the common attitude towards hobbies?2.Does the speaker himself agree with it? Do you agree or disagree? Why?③Listening to English newsA Listen to the following news about shopping addictio n and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers. And contrary to the popular opinion, men 1) suffer the nightmare nearly sa women. A new survey finds that both 2) genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and 3) unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of 4) sufferers were female. But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults foundthat 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers; that’s 5) more than 1in 20 adults .The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though. Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gifts for other people, while men tend to buy 6) expensive electronics . this survey is the first to find 7) such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population .Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can 8 make finding a cure a priority .I’m Bill Blakemore, in New York.B Listen to the news again and answer the following questions according to what you hear. After you finish the task, check your answers with your partner.1. What is compulsive shopping?2. What is the difference between male and female shoppers?3. How can the survey on shopping addiction help ordinary people?4. Do you think you are a compulsive shopper? What can shopping addiction bring on?FOLLOW-UP①Listening to short conversationsIn this section you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) He has only one hobby and no bad hobbies.B) He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.C) He has both bad hobbies and good noes.D) He thinks one can turn bad hobbies into good ones.2. A) Stephen is good at taking account of everything.B) Stephen’s babies are interested in collecting coins.C) Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D) Stephen collects coins because they are valuable.3. A) Roy often empties his bag when he returns home.B) Roy is trying to persuade Carol to go fishing with him.C) Roy is only interested in catching fish.D) Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.4. A) The farmer makes robots without much knowledge about high-tech.B) The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.C) The farmer’s hobby has brought great changes to hos village.D) The farmer started his hobby at the age of 44.5. A) She thinks drug addiction is the most dangerous.B) She thinks Internet addiction is the most harmful.C) She thinks addictions that make you trash are the worst.D) She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.②Listening to a longer conversationIn this section you will hear a longer conversation. At the end of the conversation, some questions will be asked about what was said. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) Mark is a poker addict.B) Mark is obsessed with online gambling.C) Mark is fond of making friends on the Internet.D) Mark is addicted to online games.2. A) Ron doesn’t like any games.B) Ron thinks it’s OK to play games for money.C) Ron is not a serious gaming addict.D) Ron loves online poker games.3. A) Gloria thinks it’s no big deal for Mark to be addicted to games.B) Gloria is afraid that Mark will get addicted to online gambling.C) Gloria hopes Mark can control himself playing games.D) Gloria wishes Mark can learn more from the games he plays.4. A) Ron thinks gambling is more harmful than playing games.B) Ron dislikes women addicted to playing games.C) Ron thinks playing games surely leads to gambling.D) Ron shows strong opposition to playing games.5. A) Some gaming addicts make friends when playing together.B) Professional people are less likely to get addicted to games.C) Only a small percentage of gamers are gambling.D) There are more male addicts than female addicts.NotesDark Age of Camelot: a famous game produced by Mythic Entertainment. The game′s story back-ground lies in European history and Northern European myths.(大型网络角色扮演游戏)《卡米洛特的黑暗时代》World of Warcraft: a massive multiplayer online role-playing game, in which playershave the opportunity to seek adventure in a vast, continual game world, forming friendships, slaying monsters, and engaging in epic quests that can span days or weeks(网络游戏)《魔兽世界》③Listening to a passageA Listen to a report about money-making hobbies. Then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. The hobby of the speaker’s friend changed from travelling to writing and photography. (F)2. One can quit their current job if the money they earn from hobbies is enough. (T)3. Some preparations are necessary before one tries to earn money from a hobby. (T)4. The speaker thinks that collecting ancient coins can bring more money than playing games. (F)5. If one can’t turn a hobby into a money-making one, it is better to change their hobbies. (F)6. The speaker advises people not to expect profits in a short time from hobbies. (T)7. Financial reward is the primary goal in developing one’s hobbies. (F)8. The speaker supports the idea of making money from hobbies. (T)Unit 3Education—Enlightenment Of MindWarm-upA Listen to a talk on education and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. ( )We get most of our education at school.2. ( )Education can occur in a local shop when travelling.3. ( )Students at school usually use similar textbooks.4. ( )Only at school can you get new information and skills.5. ( )Education is always with us throughout our whole lives.B You will be divided into groups of three to discuss the following issues. Eacn group will choose one issue and will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk.1. What do you expect to learn at university?2. What can you learn in society?3. Give a list of factors that you think are important for your college life.LISTENING FOR CONTENT①Listening to a conversationListen to a conversation between David and Jessie about how to be an effective learner. At the end of the conversation, some question, some questions will be asked about what was said. Then read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) He thought it was a useful course.B) He thought one could simply practice writing by oneself.C) He thought writing was equal to reading.D) He thought it was complicated course.2. A) A person’s thinking patterns are shown in his writing.B) Thinking is much more complicated than writing.C) There is no direct link between thinking and writing.D) A vague essay means a stupid mind.3. A) The writer’s purpose in writing the essay.B) The writer’s ability to know who the readers are.C) The writer’s critical thinking.D) The writer’s reading ability.4. A) How to make an attractive opening.B) How to organize the structure.C) How to collect information.D) How to put writing skills into practice.5. A) He will begin to practice writing essays.B) He will register for an essay-writing course.C) He will apply the rules to practice writing.D) He will not late for the writing course any more.② Listening to a passageListen to a passage and choose the best answer to each question you heat.1. A) She will be 100 years old no Wednesday.B) She has just celebrated her 95th birthday on Friday.C) She is going to be 90 years old on Friday.D) She will celebrate her 95th birthday on Wednesday.2. A) She is studying for an MA degree in law.B) She is seeking a Badgered in religion.C) She is pursuing her Ph.D. degree in college.D) She is just learning and does not intend to get a degree.3. A) She enrolled at Fort Hayes in 1930 and stayed there ever since.B) She finished all her classes at the Kansas State Teachers College.C) She completed some of her courses on the Internet.D) She was taught by her granddaughter at home.4. A) She will attend her graduation ceremony.B) Her son and others well hold a birthday party for her.C) She will meet her granddaughter at the graduation ceremony.D) She and her son will celebrate their Thanksgiving holiday together.5. A) Nola Ochs has set up a remarkable example as a lifetime learner.B) The Guinness Book of World Records will accept Nola Ochs’ application.C) Nola Ochs will become the oldest university graduate on Friday.D) The degree Nola Ochs well get is very important for her life and work.③Listening to English newsA Listen to an interview between a news reporter and Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in V ail, Arizona. Then fill in the blanks with what you hear.Reporter: In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks. While other students might be reading books, Empire students will read ontheir laptops. Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High Schoolin Vail, Arizona. Mr. Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you’vealready given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook, but 1)in this case involves a computer.Mr. Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible. I actually just recently had my students,studying... my American History students, studying the French-IndianWar and its 2) impact . And that sort of document isjust not 3) available in a traditional textbook, Iwould have to say, “Go online or go to a library with resources they’reusing, they have immediate access to it.”Reporter: 5) what’s the point here? Is it to get to primary sources or is it to use a 6) medium that youngsters today are morfamiliar with? How do you, how do you describe what you are doing? Mr. Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our 7) reasoning , these are the studets who’ve grown up with the computer, with the internet, er, as,as kind of organic to their environment. It’s not an addon, like it, like itwas to me. And this is 8) normal for them. And so,limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousandpagetextbook is, 9) from their perspective , I think a little bitabnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and viewone topic from 20 different angles, as 10) opposed to just the oneangle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very mucn for talking with you.Mr. Gypton: Thanks so much for your time.B Listen to the interview again and answer the following questions. After you finish the task, check your answers with your partner.1. How does the history teacher at Empire High School teach his class?2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computers to follow a history course?3. What do you think of the teaching method that this history teacher uses?FOLLOW-UP①listening to short conversationsIn this section you will hear short conversations at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D),and decide which is the best answer.1. A) He is taking an entrance examination.B) He is working as an engineer.C) He is receiving his Bachelor’s degree.D) He is at a job interview.2. A) He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B) He suggests the woman take a break.C) He suggests he may be able to help her practice her lines.D) He suggests that the woman give up if she is always having these problems.3. A) To ask for help from advanced learners.B) To receive assistance from the teacher.C) To study by himself in the lab.D) To join in at the intermediate level.4. A) He has been teaching in high school for a long time.B) He is completely lost in a foreign culture.C) He thinks he will never get old.D) He wants to keep learning all his life.5. A) It will take them many years to get rich and famousB) There’s a new school of artistic movement around the cornerC) The man’s idea is not feasible at all.D) The man has gone mentally insane.②Listening to a longer conversationIn this section you will hear a longer conversation.At the end of the conversation, some questions will be asked about what was said.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A)Hearing.B)Smelling.C)Touching.D)Reading.2. A) It means getting absorbed in books.B) It means observing to get new information.C) It means practicing to learn knowledge.D) It means acquiring knowledge in one’s favorite way.3. A) Ted enjoys discussion with others.B) Ted prefers reading to listening.C) Ted likes to feel and experience.D) Ted prefers taking notes.4. A) Because Mike often listens to the radio.B) Because Mike can’t concentrate on his studies.C) Because Mike once took a computer apart to make observations.D) Because Mike can remember what others say.5. A) Mike’s learning style is to use his sense of touch to learn.B) Lily herself is good at learning from books.C) Different people should develop their own suitable learning styles.D) Learning by discussion is more effective.③Listening to a passageIn this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) Because they were homeless children.B) Because they wanted to be modern Cruses.C) Because they took part in a special hardship camp.D) Because they were good students at school.2. A) Catching fish in the sea.B) Growing vegetables.C) Cooking meals.D) Picking Fruit.3. A) Mountains that are far away.B) Thick forests with dangerous animals.C) Beautiful beaches.D) Safe and open fields.4. A) It is a good idea to set up hardship camps to help local people develop theireconomy.B) Children are expected to know how hard life is on the island.C) Traditional education also includes such things as hardship camps.D) Hardship camps can be an important part of an education for children.5. A) They like the idea of organizing hardships camps and support it.B) They think hardship camps are better than a normal education.C) They feel should make preparations for their children.D) They are satisfied with the living conditions in such camps.Unit 5Acts of KindnessWARM-UPA Listen to a speaker talking about her recent travels in West Africa, and write down a short answer to each of the following questions.1. What ate the West Africans suffering from?.2. What can we do to fill real human needs?.3. What benefits can we enjoy from true humanitarian causes?.4. Why is it a very worthy cause to serve the needs of the despondent of this world?.B Discuss the following question.What do you think is the biggest benefit of being involved in humanitarian causes?LISTENING FOR CONTENT①Listening to a conversationA Listen to a conversation between Wilbur and Sharon talking about Habitat for Humanity. After the conversation, some questions will be asked about when was said. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to each question you hear.NoteHabitat for humanity international(HFHI),generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or simply ”Habitat”, is a non-profit ecumenical(支持基督教[不同教派]大联合的) Christian housing ministry. It works toward the elimination of poverty housing worldwide. Through volunteer labour and donations of money and materials, Habitat builds and rehabilitates simple, decent houses with the help of the homeowner(partner)families. Habitat houses are sold to partner families at no profit,financed with affordable, no-interest loans.1. A) Finding a place to live in Habitat for Humanity.B) Working together with Sharon in Habitat for Humanity.C) Getting information about Habitat for Humanity.D) Finding a job in Habitat for Humanity.2. A) It brought about a lot of changes in her life.B) It offered her a chance to make other friends there.C) It was a higher calling for her to help others.D) It aroused her desire to lead people there.3. A) It’s a social activity for volunteers to do good for others.B) It’s a unique chance to perform a citizen’s duty to help others.C) It’s a Good way for people to help fellow Americans.D) It’s a means for country to do good for its own people.4. A) To serve people in need is to protect her country.B) To believe in freedom is a reflection of societyC) To do one’s share for others is to make our world better place to live.D) To do good for others is life’s most profound and persistent question.5. A) Because Wilbur chose to ask her for the information needed.B) Because Wilbur will donate money to the organization she works for.C) Because she can donate some money to the hurricane-stricken areas.D) Because she can do something good for others together with Wilbur.②Listening to a passageA Mile Tetley is telling us about his interview with a senior manager of a major insurance company, in which he experienced an act of kindness. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to each question you hear.1. A) He was well mannered when talking with the speaker.B) He was able to share the speaker’s feelings.C) He was not good at asking probing questions.D) He was respectful of the speaker’s opinions.2. A) To tell the speaker where he worked.B) To tell the speaker where he livedC) To tell the speaker that he could call him free of charge.D) To tell the speaker that he was always ready to offer help.3. A) One act of kindness can make people want to meet again.B) One act of kindness can help a family handle some losses.C) One act of kindness can bring warmth to those in need.D) One act of kindness can turn a cold business interview into a success.B Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. What is the main reason for the speaker to have an interview with the insurance company?2. What touched the speaker most?③Understanding a speechA Listen to a speech given by Christopher Reeve and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Christopher Reeve: 1996 Democratic National Convention AddressThank you very, very much.Well, I Just have to start with a l) challenge to the president: Sir, I have seen your train go by, and I think I can 2) beat it.I’ll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something called”family values”. And like many of you, I have struggled to 3) figure out what that meas. And since my accident, I’ve found a 4) definition that seems to make sense. I think it means that we’re all family. And that we all have value.Now, if that’s true, if America really is a family, then we have to 5) recognize that many members of our family are hurting. And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of 6) disability . You may have an aunt with Parkinson’s disease, a neighbor with a spinal-cord injury, or a brother with AIDS,and if we’re really 7) committed to this idea of family, we’ve got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot 8) tolerate discrimination of any kind.And that’s why the Americans with Disabilities Act is so important.It must be honored everywhere. It is a Civil Rights Law 9) that is tearing down barriers,both in architecture and in attitude .Its purpose-its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers 10) who are helping people with disabilities live independent livesB Listen to the speech again and answer the following questions according to what you hear. After you finish the task, check your answers with your partner.1. What had Reeve struggled to understand over the last few years?2. What is the problem mentioned by Reeve, if the US is really a family?3. Why is the Americans with Disabilities Act important?NoteChristopher Reeve was born on September 25,1952,in New York City, the son of a novelist and a newspaper reporter. As a boy, Christopher Reeve studied piano and voice, worked as an assistant orchestra conductor, and made his acting debut with a Princeton, New Jersey, Theatre Company at age nine. He graduated from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York where he roomed with comedian Robin Williams.Reeve was chosen from a pool of more than two hundred actors to play Superman. His looks, his fitness and physique and charming humility breathed life into the comic-book hero. The great success of Superman meant three very popular sequels. While Christopher appeared in other films, it is his role as Superman that made him famous.Known the world over as Superman, Christopher Reeve has been a symbol of strength, the force of good, with the ability to fly and soar over the problems of man. He was strength and mobility personified to people throughout the world. Thus, it came as a shock when Christopher Reeve fell from his horse during a riding-show accident in 1995, and landed on his head. The fall broke his spinal cord, and he was paralyzed from the neck down. He died in 2004.FOLLOW-UP①Listening to short conversationsIn this section you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.1. A) She didn’t go to the party yesterday.B) She didn’t remember seeing the man at the partyC) She left the party before the man arrived.D) She didn’t want to see the man.2. A) They didn’t have enough time to get their seats on the plane.B) The pilot had trouble starting the engine.C) The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.D) They were delayed at the airport.3. A)Jason will have to work a little harder.B)She’s certain he can work on something else.C)Jason can take the test on another day.D)Jason can skip the test and won’t have to make it up.4. A)Come on time and you could be employed next timeB)Be positive about people slamming doors in your face.C)Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.D)Keep your chin up and be proud of yourself.5. A)He had a worse driver in the back seat of his car.B)He got very nervous when sitting behind the wheel.C)He cannot drive the mother anywhere next time.D)He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.②Listening to a longer conversationIn this section you will hear a longer conversation. At the en if the cinversation,。

Unit1-12研究生英语听说教程答案《Unit1-12 研究生英语听说教程答案》在研究生阶段，英语听说能力的提升对于学术研究和未来职业发展都具有重要意义。

而《Unit1-12 研究生英语听说教程》则是帮助我们实现这一目标的重要工具。

然而，要找到准确且全面的答案并非易事。

首先，让我们来看 Unit1 的内容。

这一单元通常会涉及一些基础的英语听说技巧和常见场景，比如自我介绍、日常问候等。

对于听力部分的答案，需要我们仔细捕捉对话中的关键信息，如人物的身份、地点、时间等。

而在口语练习中，答案的重点在于发音的准确性、语调的自然以及表达的流畅性。

例如，当被要求进行自我介绍时，答案可能会包含个人的姓名、专业、研究兴趣以及未来的目标等方面，同时要注意语法的正确使用。

进入 Unit2，可能会聚焦于学术讨论和专业领域的交流。

听力材料可能是关于学术报告或者学术研讨会的片段，这就要求我们具备一定的专业词汇储备和对学术语境的理解能力。

答案中，我们需要准确分辨出不同学者的观点、研究方法以及存在的争议点。

在口语练习方面，可能会涉及对某个学术问题的阐述和讨论，答案应体现出清晰的逻辑思维、准确的专业术语运用以及对相关理论的理解。

随着课程的推进，Unit3 或许会引入一些更具挑战性的听说任务，比如模拟国际会议中的交流或者跨文化沟通的场景。

此时，对于听力答案的把握，不仅要理解语言表面的意思，还要洞察不同文化背景下的交流方式和潜在的文化差异。

而口语练习的答案则要注重展示对多元文化的尊重和适应能力，避免因文化误解而导致的沟通障碍。

在 Unit4 中，可能会着重训练我们在商务场景中的英语听说能力。

这包括商务谈判、商务报告等内容。

听力部分的答案需要我们敏锐地捕捉到价格、合同条款、市场趋势等关键信息。

而口语练习的答案则要体现出专业、自信和有效的沟通技巧，比如清晰地表达自己的观点、回应对方的质疑以及寻求共赢的解决方案。

来到 Unit5，可能会涉及到科技领域的相关话题。