2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 语法知识及运用 专题6 动词的时态和语态 考点一 动词的时态讲义

动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。

动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。

第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。

动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。

因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。

②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。

The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。

③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。

(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。

We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。

②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。

He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。

单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(一)动词的时态Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.解析：首先确定该动词为主句的谓语动词；其次根据宾语从句的谓语动词had以及上下文的时态等为一般过去时，故该谓语动词应使用一般过去时；最后，主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。

2．(2019·北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.解析：考查动词的时态。

本句叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填voiced。

3．(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question suggests/suggested/has_suggested (suggest) that，for most students，it doesn't.解析：考查动词的时态。

本文的主题时态是一般现在时，主语是research，可以用suggests；又可以表示“研究已经表明了”，用现在完成时，可以填has suggested；又可以表示“研究过去表明了”，可以用一般过去时，填suggested。

4．(2019·浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.解析：考查时态和语态。

高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解时态和语态一. 动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时刻的各种形式。

英语动词有16种时态，然而常用的只有9种：一样现在时、一样过去时、一样今后时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去今后时，现在完成进行时。

下面分别进行介绍。

1.一样现在时的用法1)表示经常性，适应性的动作；表示现在的状态、特点或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。

句子中常用often，usually，every day等时刻状语。

例如：He goes to school every day。

（经常性动作）He is very happy.（现在的状态）The earth moves around the sun.〈真理〉2)在时刻状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一样现在时态的形式表示今后。

If you come this afternoon，we'll have a meeting.When I graduate，I'll go to the countryside.3)有时那个时态表示按打算，规定要发生的动作，（句中都带有时刻状语）但限于少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start，stop，return，open，close等。

The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning．4)表示状态和感受的动词，如be，like，hate．think, remember, find，sound等常用一样现在时。

例如：I like English very much. The story sounds very interesting.5)书报的标题。

小说等情节介绍常用一样现在时。

2.一样过去时的用法1)表示过去某时刻发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. He worked in a factory in 1988.2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would＋动词原形”。

2019届高考一轮专题测试（英语）：时态和语态专题英语试卷注意事项：1.本卷共100分，考试时间100分钟2.将答案写在答题卡的相应位置说明：时态和语态是每年高考的必考知识点之一，本专题收集了各种时态和语态的典型试题，难度稍大，适合高三学生对时态和语态做个总的复习。

1. —I am wondering if we could go boating on the weekend.—It a good idea.A. soundB. soundedC. soundingD. sounds2.—Let Mr. Stephen in, please? He me.—Yes, Sir. In the meeting room.A. is expectingB. has expectedC. expectedD. was expecting3. My mind wasn’t on what he so I’m afraid I missed half of it.A. was sayingB. had saidC. would sayD. has said4. Mom, have a rest please. You _______ in the kitchen ever since you came home.A. had workedB. were workingC. have been workingD. would work5. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined6. —Tom，would you please come and help us with the computer at the meeting tomorrow?一I am sorry, but I then.A. would have classB. will be having classC. was going to have classD. am about to have class7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. What do you think the children when we get home?A. are doingB. will be doingC. doD. have d6ne9. —Betty promised me to come round to keep you company today.—But she _______. I’ve been alone all day.A. won'tB. hadn'tC. hasn'tD. doesn't10. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun11. I’m afraid I _____ you with too many questions. Thank you a lot, sir.A. will botherB. have to botherC. would botherD. have bothered12. By the end of last year, another new theme park completed in that area.A. was beingB. would beC. has beenD. had been13. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?—The bridge to it __________.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired14. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait15. We won’t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people ________.A. were comingB. are comingC. have been comingD. had come16.--Why don’t you buy the necklace since you like it so much?--I____, but I don’t have the money.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. may17.Over the past 30 years，China significant changes in comprehensive national strength thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.A. witnessedB. were witnessingC. has witnessedD. will have witnessed18. --- You’ve sent the report to the newspaper office, haven’t you?--- Not yet. It _____ by 12 o’clock.A. has to be typedB. will be typedC. will have been typedD. needs typing19. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made20. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985.She for twenty years by next summer.A. will teachB. would have taughtC. has been teachingD. will have been teaching答案1. D解析:考查系动词，所填词作应答句的系动词，根据前文时态用一般现在时，选D。

一、概述：动词是英语中最重要的一种词性，也是连接词法与句法的纽带，许多语法现象通过动词体现出来。

本章着重体现了“以动词为纲”学语法的理念，打破了传统语法的习惯，提出了“六个为纲”，从而将时态、被动语态、主谓一致、反意疑问句、倒装和虚拟语气融为一体，归纳在动词一章进行阐述，体现了动词与它们不可分割的联系。

这不仅是本单元的亮点，更是本书一大亮点，大胆创新，打破传统语法书的谋篇布局。

本章的第一大部分就动词出发，介绍了动词的分类、变化形式、各类动词的用法、一些常见行为动词及词组的用法和比较以及动词的习惯搭配。

在动词分类部分，阐述了一些重要的句法内容，如情态动词用法、非谓语动词、独立主格及悬垂分词等用法。

第二大部分将动词放入具体的句法中，阐述了六个“动词为纲”。

本章不仅内容详实，而且思路明确，体系完整。

学好本章会对英语语法有个全新的认识。

二、分类1、根据意义和句法作用，英语中的动词总的来说可以分为四类：①行为动词（实义动词）如：run、work、give、hit等。

②助动词如：do、did、does、have、has、had等。

③情态动词如：can、may、could、might、must、should等。

④系动词如：be、look、seem、feel、taste、sound等。

2、对于上述四大类动词，还可以进一步细分。

①在行为动词中，根据动词在句中是否需要宾语，可分为：及物动词和不及物动词。

如：Shall we go to fly kites together? (及物动词)The bird flies happily in the sky. (不及物动词)②动词根据其是否为主语所限定，可分为限定动词与非限定动词，也可称为谓语动词与非谓语动词。

限定动词在句子中起谓语作用，可有动词原形（do的形式）、动词单数（does的形式）、动词过去时（did的形式）以及各种情态动词与动词原形连用的形式。

如：I like English.He smokes heavily in daily life.He was a good student.I can solve the problem very well.He didn’t know what to do next.非限定有不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种。

一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。

(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。

(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。

如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。

高考英语一轮复习讲解：动词的时态及语态【知识要点】动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every...，sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。

2.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东方。

3.表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。

4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.现在我往杯子里放糖。

I am doing my homework now.我在做作业。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如：Now watch me，I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?刚才你去哪儿了？2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child，I often played football in the street.我小的时候，经常在街上踢足球。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点六动词的时态和语态限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1．As is known to all, the sun ________ (rise) in the east and ________ (set) in the west day after day．答案：rises; sets 句意：众所周知，太阳东升西落，日复一日。

表示客观事实、客观规律要用一般现在时。

2．Tom ________ (cry) again and again and we can't bear him anymore．答案：is crying 句意：Tom一直在哭泣，我们再也忍受不了他。

进行时与某些副词连用可表示说话人的一种强烈的感情，如厌恶、欣赏、钦佩等。

3．It has been three years since we ________ (come) here．答案：came 句意：自从我们来到这儿已经三年了。

since＋含有一般过去时的句子/表过去的时间点，主句或句子常用现在完成时。

4．By the time he was nine, Tom ________ (master) a foreign language．答案：had mastered 句意：到九岁时，汤姆已经精通了一门外语。

by the time表示“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，如果从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。

5．It is the first time that I ________ (go) abroad．答案：have gone 句意：这是我第一次出国。

“That/This/It is the first/second/third ．．．time (that) ．．．”句型中，从句常用现在完成时。

6．More than one customer ________ (express) their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far．答案：has expressed 句意：到目前为止，不止一个顾客表达了他们对那家餐厅服务的不满。