研究生课本英语翻译黑体字

Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表‎示与教师用书‎不同，斜体的汉字表‎示重点翻译不‎要遗漏）pas‎s ion, wisdom‎, altrui‎s m, insigh‎t, creati‎v ity—someti‎m es only the trials‎of advers‎itycan foster‎these qualit‎ies, becaus‎e someti‎m es only drasti‎c situat‎ions can force us to take on the painfu‎l proces‎s of change‎. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造‎力——有时只有经历‎逆境的考验才‎能培育这些品‎质，因为有时只有‎极端的情形才‎能迫使我们去‎承受痛苦的改‎变过程。

2.In that moment‎, our sense of invuln‎e rabil‎i ty is pierce‎d, and the self-protec‎t ive mental‎armorthat normal‎l y stands‎betwee‎n us and our percep‎t ions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的‎那一瞬间，我们的安全感‎被冲破了，平时处于我们‎与我们对世界‎的种种看法之‎间的自我保护‎的精神盔甲被‎剥离了。

3.They say that materi‎a l ambiti‎o ns sudden‎ly seem silly and the pleasu‎r es of friend‎s and family‎paramo‎u nt—and that the crisis‎allowe‎d them to recogn‎ize in line with their new priori‎t ies.(Para.14)他们说物质追‎求突然间变得‎很无聊，而朋友和家庭‎带来的快乐变‎得极为重要，他们还说危机‎使他们能够按‎照这些新的优‎先之事来重新‎认识生活。

英语选修7,8黑体词汇(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Ambition 雄心，野心Suitable 适合的，适宜的beneficial 有益的，受益的Adapt 使适应，改编Conduct 行为品行Resign 辞职辞去Congratulate 祝贺Adequate、足够的Access 方法通路Desire 渴望Alarm 使警觉惊恐警报Sympathy、同情心Favour 喜爱恩惠Accompany 陪伴伴奏Declare 宣布声明State 陈述宣布Bound 一定的密切相关的Staff 全体员工手杖Junior 较年幼的Talent 天才Divorce 离婚断绝关系Obey 服从Annual 每年的Witness 当场见到目击Pause 暂停终止Drag 拖拉Urge 催促极力主张Abandon 放弃遗弃Target 目标Reflect 思考Aware 意识到Meat 好的整齐的Scare 恐吓Relevant 有关的切题的Participate 参与参加Donate 捐献click 咔哒声Voluntary 自愿的Purchase 买Distribute 分配分发Operate 工作运转Recommend 推荐建议Comfort 舒适安慰Substitute 代替品Draft 草稿草案Acknowledge 承认确认Contradict 反驳Occupy 占用占据Abundant 丰富的充裕的Govern 统制支配Elect 选择决定做某事Boom 繁荣Occur 发生出现Indicate 指出表明Slip 滑动滑行Hire 租用雇佣Nowhere 无处到处都无Reform 改革革新Cast 扔投抛Object 反对Obtain 获得赢得Owe 欠Retire 退休离开Bother 打扰离开Strike 撞击罢工Vain 虚荣的自负的Resist 抵抗对抗Seize 捉住File 文件档案Bear 忍受负担Tap 轻打Classify 编排分类Remark 谈论言论Condemn 谴责Overlook 俯视Fade 褪色Interrupt 打岔Assume 假定假想Regardless 不管不顾Arrest 逮捕。

1. take place2. in memory of3. dress up4. play a trick on5. look forward to6. day and night7. as though8. have fun with9. parking lot10. turn up11. keep one’s word12. hold one’s breath13. set off14. remind of15. balanced diet16. ought to17. lose weight18. get away with19. tell a lie20. win back21. earn one’s l iving22. in debt23. spy on24. cut down25. before long26. put on weight27. bring up28. make a bet29. go ahead30. by accident31. stare at32. account for33. on the contrary34. take a chance35. in rags36. as for37. solar system38. in time39. lay eggs40. give birth to41. in one’s turn42. prevent from43. block out44. cheer up45. now that46. break out47. watch out for48. rather than49. settle down50. manage to do51. catch sight of52. have a gift for53. in the distance54. religious55. belief56. trick 1. 发生2. 纪念；追念3. 盛装；打扮4. 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑5. 期望；期待；盼望6. 日夜；昼夜；整天7. 好像8. 玩得开心9. 停车场10. 出现；到场11. 守信用；履行诺言12. 屏息；屏气13. 出发；动身；使爆炸14. 使……想起……15. 平衡膳食16. 应当；应该17. 减肥；体重减轻18. 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚19. 说谎20. 赢回；重新获得21. 谋生22. 欠债23. 暗中监视；侦查24. 削减；删节25. 不久以后26. 增加体重27. 抚养；培养；教育；提出28. 打赌29. 前进；（用于祈使句）可以；往下说30. 偶然31. 盯着看；凝视32. 导致；做出解释33. 与此相反；正相反34. 冒险35. 衣衫褴褛36. 至于；关于37. 太阳系38. 及时；终于39. 下蛋40. 产生；分娩41. 轮到某人；接着42. 制止；阻止43. 挡住（光线）44. 感到高兴；感到振奋45. 既然46. 突发；爆发47. 密切注意；当心；提防48. 与其；不愿49. 定居；平静下来；专心于50. 设法做（成功了）51. 看见；瞥见52. 对……有天赋53. 在远处54. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的55. 信任；信心；信仰56. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门57. gain58. gather59. award60. admire61. permission62. apologize63. obvious64. remind65. diet66. balance67. fry68. ought69. raw70. strength71. consult72. debt73. limit74. benefit75. combine76. scene77. permit78. stare79. spot80. account81. seek82. contrary83. indeed84. system85. theory86. violent87. unlike88. harmful89. exist90. puzzle91. pull92. chat93. surround94. measure95. within96. border97. mix98. mixture99. confirm 100. d istance 101. n earby 102. t radition 103. i mpress 57. 获得；得到58. 搜集；集合；聚集59. 奖；奖品60. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕61. 许可；允许62. 道歉；辩白63. 明显的；显而易见的64. 提醒；使想起65. 日常饮食；节食66. 平衡；权衡67. 油煎；油炸68. 应当；应该69. 生的70. 强项；长处；力量71. 咨询；请教；商量72. 债；债务73. 限制；限定74. 利益；好处75. 联合；结合76. 现场；场面；景色77. 许可；允许；准许78. 凝视；盯着看79. 发现；认出80. 认为；说明；总计有81. 寻找；探索；寻求82. 反面；对立面；相反的；相违的83. 真正地；确实；实在84. 系统；体系；制度85. 学说；理论86. 猛烈地；激烈的；强暴的87. 不同；不像88. 有害的89. 存在；生存90. 谜；难题91. 拉；拖；牵引力92. 聊天；闲聊93. 包围；围绕94. 测量；衡量；判定95. 在……之内96. 边界；国界97. 混合；调配98. 混合物；混合状态99. 证实；证明；批准100. 距离；远方101. 在附近；附近的；邻近的102. 传统；风俗103. 使印象深刻的；使铭记。

Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。

2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。

toto put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby.Unit 4●翻译：1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caughtup in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1)过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。

Module 5Unit 1put forward 提出conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出draw a conclusion 提出结论defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光expose…to 使显露；暴露cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗challenge n.挑战vt.向……挑战suspect vt. 怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯blame vt. 责备；谴责过失；责备pollute vt. 污染；弄脏handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵link vt. & n. 连接；联系link…to将…和…联系或连接起来announce vt. 宣布；通知contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助apart from 除……之外；此外（be）strict with…对……严格的make sense 讲得通；有意义spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转；纺（线或纱）reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃Unit 2 consist vi. 组成；在于；一致consist of 由……组成divide…into 把……分成break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下attract vt. 吸引；引起注意leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑plus prep. 加上；和adj. 加的；正的；零上的take the place of 代替break down (机器)损坏；破坏arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理fold vt. 折叠；对折delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦vt. 使高兴；使欣喜Unit 3impression n. 印象；感想；印记take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续constant adj. 时常发生的；连续不断的previous adj. 在前的；早先的guide n. 指导；向导；导游vt. 指引；指导lack vi. & vt. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西lose sight of… 看不见……sweep up 打扫；横扫slide into（快捷而悄声）移动；溜进……optimistic adj. 乐观（主义）的speed up 加速desert n. 沙漠；荒原instant n. 瞬间；片刻adj. 立即的；立刻的settlement n. 定居；解决Unit 4delighted adj 快乐的；欣喜的assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助concentrate vt. 集中；聚集concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到assess vt. 评估；评定inform vt. 告知；通知depend on 依靠；依赖accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告accuse…of 因…指责或控告……so as to (do sth) 为了（做）……demand n. 需求；要求vt. 强烈要求ahead of 在……前面approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准process vt. 加工；处理n. 过程；程序；步骤Unit 5first aid （对伤患者的）急救fall ill 生病poison n. 毒药；毒害vt. 毒害；使中毒electric shock 触电；电休克swell vi.&vt. (swelled,swollen)（使）膨胀；隆起squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨squeeze out 榨出；挤出over and over again 反复；多次in place 在适当的位置；适当n. 标签；标记pour vt. & vi. 倒；灌；注；涌a number of 若干；许多put one’s hands on 找到treat vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待n. 款待；招待apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起（重要）作用选修6Unit 1aim n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配a great deal 大量attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图on the other hand (可是)另一方面predict vt. 预言；预告；预测specific adj. 确切的；特定的appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助vt. 将……上诉n. 呼吁；恳求appeal to （对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣Unit 2concrete adj. 具体的flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的tke it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容run out of 用完be made up of 由……构成in particular 尤其；特别eventually adv. 最后；终于transform vi. & vt. 转化；转换；改造，变换appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的exchange n. 交换；交流；互换vt. & vi. 调换；交换sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者vt. 发起；举办；倡议try out 测试；试验let out 发出；放走Unit 3abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待stress n. 压力；重音vt. 加压力于；使紧张ban vt. 禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的due to 由于……automatic adj. 无意识的；自动的mental adj. 精神的；智力的effect n. 结果；效力strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强vi. 变强decide on 对……作出决定feel like (doing) 想要（做）……desperate adj. 绝望的，拼命的ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的in spite of 不顾；不管take risks (a risk) 冒险get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）at risk 处境危险；遭受危险awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的Unit 4come about 发生；造成subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购quantity n. 量；数量quantities of 大量的tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾vt. 照顾；护理go up 上升；增长；升起result in 导致oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对……state vt. 陈述；说明range n. 种类；范围even if 即使keep on 继续glance vi. 看一下；扫视n. 一瞥steady adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地tendency n. 倾向；趋势widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的on the whold 大体上；基本上average adj. 平均的on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人put up with 忍受；容忍so long as 只要circumstance n. 环境；情况Unit 5alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边appoint vt. 任命；委派wave n. 波浪；波涛vi. 波动；起伏；挥手absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地suit n. 一套外衣；套装vt. 适合；使适宜make one’s way前往potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的actual adj. 实在的；实际的shoot （shot, shot）vt. 射中；射伤shot n. 射击；枪炮声anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望panic (panicked, panicked) vi. & vt. 惊慌n. 惊慌；恐慌glance through 匆匆看一遍vary from…to… 由……到……不等guarantee vt. 保证；担保。

黑体字短语初中英语外研社版教材单词表黑体字短语(全六册) 九年级(下) 25. as well 也 1. set off 出发 26. work out 2010 设法弄懂;计算出 2. get off 下(火车、公共汽车等) 27. try out 试用;试验;检验 3. secondary school 中学 28. drop in 顺便走访 4. either…or… 要么…要么…; 不是…而是… 29. throw away 扔掉，抛弃(某物) 5. fall off (从…)跌落 30. instead of 2009 代替，而不是 6. get married 结婚 31. do harm to 对…造成伤害7. lead a … life 过(某种生活) 32. make a difference to 对…产生重大影响/很重要 8. have on 穿着;戴着 33. put up 2009 张贴，挂起 9. shop assistant 店员 34. be made up of 组成;构成 10. show off 显示;炫耀 35. a number of 许多 11. keep to 沿着…走 36. have a look at 看…一眼 12. lead the way 领路;带路 37. (be) similar to 2008 同…相似 13. fall asleep 入睡 38. water sports 水上运动14. reach out 伸手去摸 39. on the left/right 在左边/右边 15. in order to 为了 40. pick up 2008 接;拣起 16. in the open air 在露天(在户外) 41. even though 即使17. no matter… 无论… 42. over there 那边 18. in place of 代替 43. have a word with 和某人说几句话 19. stay in touch 保持联系44. win the heart of sb. 赢得…的心 20. pay back 偿还 45. ever since 从…开始 21. role model 楷模;行为榜样 46. weight lifting 举重九年级(上) 47. give up 2011 放弃 1. listen up 注意听 48. bump into 碰见(因多脂等造成的不健康的)垃圾食品 2. get out of 从…内出来/离开 49. junk food3. on the edge of 处于…的边缘 50. along with 与…一起4. at the bottom of 在…的底部 51. thanks to 由于5. as far as 就…来说;至于 52.add to 向…增加 6. not … any more 不再… 53. make progress 取得进步 7. millions of 2011 数百万的 54. place of interest 旅游胜地 8. run away 潜逃;逃跑 55. fill in 2011 填写(在旅馆)登记入住，(在机场)办理登记手续 9. for a time 暂时;一度 56. check in10 grow up 成长;长大成人八年级(下) 11. talk about 谈论 1. tidy up收拾 12. stand for 2009 代表;象征 2. take up 占用 13. set up 建立;创立(公司、机构等) 3. all the time 一直，总是 14. first of all 首先 4. be interested in 对…感兴趣 15. finishing line 终点线 5. as well as 并且，还 16. above all 首先 6. such as 比如 17. digital camera 数码相机 7. come out 出版 18. see to 负责，注意 8. as a result (of) 结果 19. look through 2008 浏览 9. right now 现在 20. at a time 一次10. whether…or not 是否 21. by hand 2010 用手工(制造) 11. in fact 事实上 22. at the beginning of 在…的开始 12. a couple of 几个;两个 23. rather than 而不是… 13. feel like doing 觉得 24. pay attention to 集中注意力于 14. by the way 顺便说15. far away 遥远的 1. write down 2008 写下，记下 16. be afraid todo sth. 害怕做… 2. each other 2009 互相 17. make friends with 和…交朋友 3. enjoy oneself 过得快乐 18. worry about 担心 4. all the time 总是，一直 19. at that moment 在那时 5. take off 起飞 20. day by day 一天天地6. come true 成为现实 21. at first 开始 7. more than = over 超过;多于 22. look out (for) 小心 8. sell out 卖光23. Don’t mention it. 不客气。

Unit 1Keys to section A: 1. escort 2. obsessively 3. unseemly 4. baffling 5. trudged 6. simultaneously 7. punning 8. prim 9. trivial 10. ambivalenceKeys to section B:1. A. unobtrusive2. C. submissive3. D. grim4. B. misdemeanour5. C. disapprove6. D. prodigious7. C. trivial8. D. pathetic9. A. simultaneous 10. D. harryingKeys to close5. against 7. clash 10. penalty 1.torments 3. expected 9. tough 2.suspension 4. stick6. fit 8. promiseUnit 3II. V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consensus 2. biodiversity 3. sustainable 4. transition 5. disparities.6. degradation7. stakeholders8. broker.9. ministerial 10. yieldB. 1.B in line with 2.C inception 3. A. unprecedented 4. B. pave the way for 5. B. intensification 6. D. subsistence 7. A embark on 8. B. mobilize 9.A infuse 10.A fully-fledgedIII. Cloze1. finance2. reduce3.improve4. agencies5. sustainable6. regional7. integration8. instruments9. enterprises 10. mobilizeUnit 51. obsolete2. perils3. turbulent4. stupefied5.concoction6. splinter7. nibbled8. erupt9. suffocated 10. infidelityB. Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1.C2.D3.A4. B5.A6. B7.C8. C9. B 10. DIII. ClozeDirections: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words in proper forms from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.1. sphere2. realm3. sacrifices4. manifestations5. exquisite6. involved7. exchange8. accomplished9. object 10. misfortuneUnit 6II V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consumption 2. conflicted 3. assigned 4. sprawling 5. resort6. incentive7. overlooked8. undervalued9. overall 10. identifyB. 1.C 2.D 3.B. 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.DIII Cloze1. dominate2. symbol3. contrast4. populated5. finished6. tie7. connected8. exceeded9. along 10. becauseUnit 11Keys to section A:1. reconciled2. imperative3. paradox4. existence5. inherit6. formidable7. sensitive8. confess9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.CIII Cloze1. partially2. linked3. positive4. increase5. impact6. management7. tolerance8. relieve9. builds 10. reactionUnit 13V ocabulary and Structure:1. insinuate2. amplify3. exploit4. detained5. misconstrued6. inherent7. predisposition8. harbor 9, accommodate 10. around the clock 1-10 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A9. C 10. D Cloze:1. declining2.brought on3. raise4. predecessors5. to5. although 7.determinant 8. flood 9. overtaxed 10. moreoverUnit 15II. V ocabulary and Structure:A. 1. formula 2. otherwise 3. recesses 4. cohesion 5. addiction6. nourish7. dispersed8. convert…into9. hitchhike 10. makes… sense.B. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.DIII. Cloze1. dispute2. alternative3. searching for4. ethnic5. lifestyle6. on behalf of7. corruption8.opportunity9. vision 10.look forward toTranslationUnit 11.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。

九年级U1-10黑体单词及例句U 1.1.textbook n.教科书;课本By reading the textbook.2.conversation n.交谈；谈话Do you have conversations with friends in English?3.aloud adv.大声地；出声地What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation.4.pronunciation n.发音；读音What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation.5. sentence n.句子Try to guess a word meaning by reading the sentences before and after it.6.patient adj.有耐心的n.病人Well，be patient.7.expression n.表情；表示；表达方式Although I could not understand everything the characters said，their body language and the expressions on their faces helps me to get the meaning.8.discover v.发现；发觉I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.9.secret n.秘密，秘诀adj.秘密的，保密的I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.10.grammar n.语法I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.11.repeat v.重复；重做By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.12.note n.笔记，记录v.注意，指出By taking notes，doing exercises and reading a lot.13.physics n.物理；物理学chemistry n.化学14.pronounce v.发音I can’t pronounce some of the words.15. increase v.增加；增长I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.16.speed n.速度I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.17.partner n.搭档；同伴Make a list and discuss good learning habits with your partner.18.born v.出生adj.天生的ability n能力；才力Everyone is born with the ability to learn.19.create v.创造；创建Creating an interest in what they learn.20.brain n.大脑active adj.活跃的，积极地attention n注意；关注Studies show that if you are interested in something，your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention it for a long time.21. connect v.（使）连接；与......有联系Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.22.review v.＆n.回顾，复习They also look for ways to review what they have learned.23.knowledge n知识；学问Knowledge comes from questioning.24.wisely adv.明智地，聪明地Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well.U21.stranger n. 陌生人Wu Ming and Harry are strangers.2.relative n. 亲属，亲戚Wu Ming visited his relatives.3.pound v.磅，英镑I’ve put on five pounds4.steal v.(stole stolen )偷；偷窃However, a bad man, Pang Meng , tired to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not homey v.(laid laid)放置；安放；产（卵）；下（蛋）He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden6. dessert n.(饭后)甜点；甜食He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden7. garden n.花园；园子He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden.8. admire v.欣赏；仰慕People like to admire the full moon on the Mid-Autumn night.9. tie n.领带v.捆；束Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers.10. treat n.款待；招待v.招待；请（客）“Trick or treat”means kids will play a trick on you if you don’t give them a treat.11. Christmas n.圣诞节The Spirit of Christmas13. lie v.(lay lain )存在；平躺；处于But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas.14. novel n.（长篇）小说A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens.15. dead adj.死的；失去生命的One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley , his dead business partner.16. business n.生意；商业One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley , his dead business partner.17. punish v.处罚；惩罚So he was punished after he died.18. warn v.警告；告诫He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him.19. present n.现在；礼物adj.现在的Then the second spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Present.20. warmth n.温暖；暖和He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.20. spread v.(spread spread )传播；展开n.蔓延；传播He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.U3restroom n.(美)洗手间；公共厕所Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?stamp n.邮票；印章I can buy some stamps .beside prep.在……旁边；在……附近The bookstore is on your right ,beside the bank .postcard n. 明信片Do you know where I can get some postcards?pardon v.原谅；interj.请再说一遍P ardon? Restroom?bathroom n.浴室；洗手间I mean …you know ,a washroom or bathroom.rush v.&.n.仓促；急促You do not need to rush .suggest v.建议；提议I suggest water city restaurant in water world.grape n.葡萄Where can I buy some grapes or other fruit?center adj.中心的；中央的Ben is wondering if there is a bank in the shopping center.east adv.向东，朝东adj.东方的，东部的n. 东方，东You go east along this street.mail v.邮寄；发电子邮件n.邮件；信件Sally needs to mail a letter.convenient adj. 便利的；方便的（无句子）corner n.拐角；角落The girl asks about public restrooms, and the clerk tells her to go to the corner of Market and Middle Streets.politely adv.有礼貌地；客气地When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.request n.&.v.要求；请求These are similar requests for directions.direction n.方向；方位These are similar requests for directions.correct adj. 正确的；恰当的Both are correct ,but the first one sounds less polite.polite adj . 有礼貌的；客气的Both are correct,but the first one sounds less polite.direct adj . 直接的；直率的These are similar requests for directions.speaker n.讲（某种语言）的人；发言者Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations.whom pron. 谁；什么人The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to orhow well they know each other.impolite adj. 不礼貌的；粗辱的This might sound impolite.address n.住址；地址；通讯处Peter ,could you please tell me your e-mail address. underground adj. 地下的n.地铁There is an underground parking lot over there.course n.课程；学科Write some polite, indirect questions about the course you will study.U4humorous 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的helpful有用的；有帮助的silent 不说话的；沉默的I remember you were always silent in class.score 得分；进球He studied hard and got good scores on his exams.background 背景Candy’s backgroundinterview 采访；面试I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang.Asian 亚洲(人)的；亚洲人I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang.deal对付；对Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. dare 敢于；胆敢She dared to sing in front of her class.ton 吨；大量But now I get tons of attention everywhere I go.private 私人的；私密的And I don't have much private time anymore.guard 警卫；看守Because there are always guards around me.require 需要；需求You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed.European 欧洲（人）的；欧洲人Jerry used to read books on European history.African 非洲（人）的；非洲人Read books on African culture.British 英国（人）的teach British English.speech 讲话；发言I used to be afraid of giving a speech in public.public 民众、公开的I used to be afraid of giving a speech in public.ant 蚂蚁Ants and other insects.seldom 不常；很少He seldom caused any problems.influence 影响Li Wen’s unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork.absent 缺席；不在Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations.fail 不及格；失败Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations. examination 考试；审查Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations. exactly 确切的；精确的It was exactly what I needed.pride 自豪；骄傲They take pride in everything good that I do.proud 自豪的；骄傲的I know my parents love me and they are always proud of me.general总的；普遍的People are usually required to give a general self-introduction in a job interview. introduction 介绍People are usually required to give a general self-introduction in a job interview. U5coin硬币fork 餐叉,叉子blouse (女式)短上衣；衬衫glass玻璃boss老板；上司cap 帽子glove手套chopstick 筷子Where did you buy those chopsticks?silver 银；银器Is it made of silver.cotton 棉；棉花 A hundred percent cotton.steel 钢；钢铁I‘ve never seen steel ones before.fair 展览会；交易会The fair is about environmental protection and recycling,right?grass 草；草地Its made from grass , leaves and flowers.leaf 叶；叶子Its made from grass , leaves and flowers.produce 生产；制造How is tea produced?widely 广泛地；普遍地Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.process 加工；处理They are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.product 产品；制品The fair is about environmental protection and recycling , right? France 法国Some beautiful clothes in France.local 当地的；本地的So many products in the local shops were made in China. avoid 避免；回避Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. handbag 小手提包Footballs , handbags , pet food , mobile phones.mobile 可移动的；非固定的Footballs , handbags , pet food , mobile phones.everyday 每天的；日常的China is so good at making these everyday things. Germany 德国What language speak in Germany?surface 表面；表层Most of the earths surface cover by water.material 材料，原料This shop uses the best materials to make dresses.traffic 交通；路上行驶的车辆Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. postman 邮递员The postman brings letters and postcards to people shoes. international 国际的The international kite festival is held in April every year.its 它的China has its own special forms of traditional art.form 形式；类型China has its own special forms of traditional art.balloon 气球They slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons for all to see. scissors 剪刀Is folded before it is cut with scissors.lively 生气勃勃的；鲜艳的Lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story.. heat 热；高温They are fired at a very high heat.complete 完成It takes several weeks to complete everything.U6sour 酸的；有酸味的style 样式；款式The style of the shoes.project 项目；工程The subject for my school project.pleasure 高兴；愉快With pleasure.daily 每日的；日常的How often its used in our daily lives.website 网站Because I saw a website last week.pioneer 先锋；先驱The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.list 列表；列清单，名单；清单The pioneers of different inventions were listed there. mention 提到送；说到It mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson.ruler 统治者；支配者A Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. boil 煮沸；烧开Shen Nong was boiling drinking water.remain 保持不变；剩余And remained there for some time.smell 气味，发出气味；闻到It produced a nice smell.national 国家的；民族的It had become the national drink.trade 贸易；交易，做买卖；从事贸易The tea trade from China.doubt 疑惑；疑问，怀疑Without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. fridge 冰箱They sold the fridge at a low price.low 低的；矮的They sold the fridge at a low price.somebody 某人，重要人物Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.translate 翻译Different writers translated the book.lock 锁上；锁住，锁The door was locked when we arrived , so we rung the bell.ring (使)发出钟声或铃声；打电话The door was locked when we arrived , so we rung the bell. earthquake 地震The earthquake happened all of a sudden.sudden 突然(的)The earthquake happened all of a sudden.bell （钟）声；（铃）声The door was locked when we arrived , so we rung the bell.biscuit 饼干When she started eating a biscuit in class.cookie 曲奇饼The cookies were eaten by the hungry kids.musical 音乐的；有音乐天赋的Send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. instrument 器械；仪器；工具Send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. customer 顾客；客户The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough.the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会It became an event at the Olympics.Canadian 加拿大的；加拿大人的，加拿大人Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor.divide 分开；分散Divided the men in his class into two teams.basket 篮；筐Get the ball into other teams basket.hero 英雄；男主角Many young people look up to these basketball heroes.nearly 几乎Which are nearly the same.U71.license n.(licence)证;证件He just got his diver’s license.2 . safety n.安全；安全性I’m worried about your safety.2.smoke v.吸烟；冒烟n.烟Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke.3.tiny adj.极小的；微小的When I was a tiny baby crying all night.4.cry v.& n.哭；叫喊When I was a tiny baby crying all night.5.field n.田野；场地When I was two running through the field6.hug n. & v. 拥抱；搂抱She give me a hug and lifted me up.7.lift v.举起；抬高n.电梯；搭便车She give me a hug and lifted me up.8. badly adv.严重地；差；非常When I was seven coughing badly.8.awful adj.很坏的；讨厌的She said it’d give me awful dreams.9.regret v.&n.感到遗憾；懊悔I regret talking back , not listening to Mom.10. poem n.诗；韵文After reading the whole poem.munity n.社区；社团Parents should encourage teenagers to do social work for their community.12. chance n.机会；可能性Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.13. educate v.教育；教导Their parents believe that they should be educate to take care of themselves from a young age.14. manage v.完成（困难的事）；应付When they start working they can manage their own lives.15. society n.社会However , in most Asian societies , it is not common for teenagers to move out.16. support v.&n.支持My wife and I have supported every one of his races.17. enter v.进来；进去My parents have always taught me how important it is to work hard at school and enter university.18. choice n.选择；挑选I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.U81.whose adj.&pron.谁的Whose volleyball is this.2.truck n.卡车；货车How about this toy truck?3.picnic n.野餐He was the only little kid at the picnic.4.rabbit n.兔；野兔He loves rabbits.5.attend v.出席；参加I attended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall.6. valuable adj.贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag ?6.pink adj.粉红色的n.粉红色My pink hair band and some tennis balls.7.anybody pron.任何人I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it .8.noise n.声音；噪音Every night we hear strange noises outside our window.9.policeman n.(pl.policemen)男警察My parents called the policemen,but they couldn’t find anything strange.10.wolf n.狼Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.boratory n.实验室She might be in the laboratory.12.coat n.外套；外衣Many people are wearing coats.13.sleepy adj.困倦的；瞌睡的Whenever I try to read this book , I fell sleepy.nd v.着陆;降落A UFO is landing.15. suit n.西装；套装v.合适No, he’s wearing a suit.16. express v.表示；表达expressing a difference17. circle n.圆圈v.圈出Stonehenge , a rock circle.18. Britain （=Great Britain）大不列颠Is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places.19. receive v.接待；接受；收到Every years it receives more than 750,00 visitors.20. leader n.领导；领袖“ The leaders arrived in England much later ” he points out.21. medical adj.医疗的；医学的Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose.22. purpose n.目的；目标Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose.23. prevent v.阻止；阻挠They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy.24. energy n.力量；精力You can feel the energy from your feet move up your body.25. position n.位置；地方But most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose.26. victory n.胜利；成功Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.27. enemy n.敌人；仇人Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.28. period n.一段时间；时期Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time .U91.prefer v.更喜欢I prefer music that has great lyrics.2. Australian adj.澳大利亚（人）的n.澳大利亚人Xu Fei likes the Australian singer Dan Dervish.2.electronic adj.电子的；电子设备的Carmen likes electronic music that’s loud.3.suppose v.推断；料想I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD I bought.4. smooth adj.悦耳的；平滑的I like smooth music that helps me relax after a long week at work.5. spare adj.空闲的；不用的v.抽出；留出Well , if you have spare time ,do you want to watch a movie with me ?6. director n.导演；部门负责人The director is really famous.7. case n.情况；实情In that case , I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies.8. War n.战争；战争状态It’s about World WarⅡ.9. stick v.(stuck , stuck )粘贴；将…..刺入While some people stick to only one kind of movie.10. down adj.悲哀；沮丧When I’m down or tired.11. dialog （=dialogue）对话；对白Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung Fu Pandas have funny dialog and usually have a happy ending.12. plenty pron.大量；充足Documentaries like March of the Penguins which provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting.13. shut v.(shut, shut )关闭；关上I can just shut off my brain14. sense v.感觉到；意识到n.感觉；意识But under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain.15. sadness n.悲伤；悲痛And I began to understand the sadness in the music.16. pain n.痛苦；疼痛；苦恼But under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain.17. reflect v.反映；映出Erquan Yingyue ( Moon Reflected on Second Spring )18. perform v.表演；执行He performed in this way for many years.19．Pity n.遗憾；怜悯v.同情；怜悯It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear.20. total n.总数；合计adj.总的；全体的It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear.21.master n.大师；能手；主人v.掌握Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise22. praise v. & n. 表扬；赞扬Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise23. wound n.伤；伤口；创伤；v.使（身体）受伤；伤害It’s sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences.24. painful adj.令人痛苦的；令人疼痛的It’s sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences.U101.kiss v. & n. 亲吻；接吻Well, in Brazil , people sometimes kiss .2.greet v. 和…..打招呼；迎接greeted Paul’s mother the wrong way.3.relaxed adj.放松的；自在的We’re pretty relaxed about time.4.value v.重视,珍视n.价值We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.5.capital n.首都；国都We’re the capital of clocks and watches, after all.6.noon n.正午；中午If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon.7.mad adj.很生气；疯的If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may be get mad.8.passport n.护照When you go abroad , it is important to bring your passport.9.chalk n.粉笔After class, students are expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard.10.blackboard n.黑板After class, students are expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard.11.northern adj.北方的；北部的If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winter season.12.coast n.海岸；海滨If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winter season. it is important to pack warm clothes 13.season n.季；季节If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winter season. It is important to pack warm clothes 14.knock v.敲；击n.敲击声；敲击If there are people in the meeting room , you are supposed to knock before entering.15.eastern adj.东方的；东部的In many eastern European countries, you are expected to take off your gloves before shaking hands.16.worth adj.值得；有…价值（的)But it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.17.manner n.方式；方法（pl.）礼貌；礼仪table manners18.empty adj.空的；空洞的In China , it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl.19.basic adj.基本的；基础的My cousin went to America , and she said that learning basic table manners was her biggest challenge .20.exchange n. & v.交换I’m having a great time on my student exchange program in France.21.granddaughter n.（外）孙女She also has a teenage granddaughter about my age who is really kind.22.behave v.表现；举止My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table.23.expect prep.处….之外conj.除了；只是Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread.24.suggestion n.建议Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.。

观察叶片的结构教案各位评委、老师：大家好，我今天说课的题目是七年级生物上册第二章第二节《绿色植物的蒸腾作用》中的一个实验-------观察叶片的结构。

接下来我从以下几个方面来说说这一节课。

一、说教材1、教材的地位和作用蒸腾作用是绿色植物的一项重要的生理活动，教材对绿色植物的蒸腾作用知识的构建，从实验观察植物的蒸腾现象入手，使学生确信植物具有蒸腾现象，接着引导学生了解蒸腾作用的概念、叶片的结构及蒸腾作用的意义等。

叶片是蒸腾作用的主要器官，掌握叶片的结构，学生才能透彻理解蒸腾作用的知识，同时为讲解光合作用打下基础。

而叶片的结构又是与其生理功能相适应的，充分体现了结构与功能相适应的生物学观点。

2、教学目标知识方面①、通过实验，进一步学会规范使用显微镜，使用显微镜观察生物玻片标本。

②、练习徒手切片的制作方法。

③、认识叶片各部分的结构特点，说出气孔的作用；渗透生物与环境相适应以及结构与功能相适应的生物学观点。

能力方面通过学生自己动手操作，进而提高进行实验操作的能力、观察能力。

情感、态度、价值观方面通过本节课学习，让学生养成良好的实验习惯和实事求是的科学态度。

3、教学的重点难点我对本节内容确定的重点是：（1）徒手切片的制作方法。

(2)对照图2.1--8（叶片的结构模式图）认识叶片各部分的结构,并说出其特点。

针对这些重点内容，我认为难点是：徒手切片的制作方法，以及从显微镜调出清晰地物像。

二、说教法学法1、教法指导观察叶片的结构是教材的重点实验,只有掌握叶片的结构，学生才能透彻理解蒸腾作用的知识，同时为讲解光合作用打下基础。

也是学生了解生物的生活所必须的.通过这一节的实验教学,要求学生能够准确认识叶片的结构及特点,描述保卫细胞的形态、结构以及气孔在上、下表皮的分布特点，通过实验，让学生切实感受到小小叶片的奥妙，进而增强进行实验探究的乐趣。

针对本节实验的难点、---------徒手切片的制作方法，我是这样突破的：让学生先观看视频，学生手中有观察的实物材料,并能够亲手对材料进行处理，然后由老师点拨指导或示范，从而使学生能正确运用观察方法,制作徒手切片。