研究生考试----专业英语翻译译文

Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answ et Sheet.Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the suff erer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as t o seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don't feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Befor e long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover h ow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends.Part VII Writing (15 points)Directions: Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of us ing the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according t o the outline given below:1.我认为手机（不）可以用来学习英语或其他知识。

专业英语翻译作业译文1.科学家们认为，这样微弱的粒子正则轨道实际上是不存在的。

的想法现在已被事实否定了。

2.虽然小行星很小很微弱，天文学家已经知道很多关于它们的大小，形状和组合物，通过使用各种直接和间接的技术。

例如，它是已知的许多小行星的亮度的周期性变化。

3.随着疾病的进展，大肌肉也稳步增长疲软。

如果不治疗，患者变得瘫痪有呼吸非常困难，并最终死亡。

4.将信息从计算机的一部分转移到另一个取决于电流进行了线。

5.只有两件事是天文观测----站立的地方和地方看需要。

6.太阳风严重扭曲地球磁场，把它拖了一个长长的尾巴。

7.使用计算机，我们组成了一系列的合成歌曲的混合自然音节为不同的模式。

8.苍头燕雀的显示，找出正确的声音模仿的本能，这表明本能学习鸟类作为他们发展他们的歌曲一样重要。

9.We know from the fossil record that our ancestors and other intelligent creatures,the australopithecines,branched off from an apelike creature 2.5 million to 3 million years ago ,and coexisted until the australopithecines died out a little less than a million years ago.Stone tools and other evidence at campsites that date form about 2,000,000 B.C.indicate that some form of australopithecine performed human activities ------ making tools,sharing food and working together.我们知道从化石记录我们的祖先和其他智能生物，猿，分枝从远古的生物2500000到3000000年前，南方古猿和共存直到死了比一百万年前少了一点。

一、A Working Community1. I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It does not say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address.This membership comes f rom her hospital work.我有一个朋友,她是医学界的一员。

当然，这在有她家庭住址的信笺上是找不到的。

她的这个成员身份来自她的医院工作。

2. I have another friend who is a member of the computer community. This is a fairl y new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我有另一个朋友，他是电脑圈的一员。

这是我们的经济的一个相当新的分支，但是他在这里找到了自己的归属感。

3. Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic communi ty, or the business community, or the journalistic community.我的其他朋友和熟人是学术界，商界，或新闻社区的成员。

4. Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong。

虽然在任何地图上找不到这些，我们却知道自己的归属。

5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。

第一单元?如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。

通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。

确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。

和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。

????? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。

语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。

作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。

?如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。

在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。

碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。

当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。

?如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。

鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。

?准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。

有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。

通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。

明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。

暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。

?另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。

有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。

排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。

研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文Unit1Pleasure only gets you so far.A rich,rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity.愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义The Hidden Side of Happiness幸福隐藏的另一面Hurricanes,house fires,cancer,whitewater rafting accidents,plane crashes,vicious attacks in dark alleyways.Nobody asks for any of it.But to their surprise,many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this:"I wish it hadn't happened,but I'm a better person for it."1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations,perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth,one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster:There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact,roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。

Unit One An Image or a MirageV.TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。

他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。

这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。

就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。

我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。

再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。

然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。

我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。

这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。

不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。

他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。

B.If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are. ” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others.No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, theimage you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation.Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’ re a winnerin order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved.Unit Two Is Love An Art?V.TranslationA.学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。

Unit6 和自然和睦相处温德尔·伯利1和他们的对手工业经济的保护者一样，大自然的保护者有时也认为自然和人类是完全不同完全不相关联的两个实体。

就像工业家常常明确表明他们致力于对自然的完全占有或者如同他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。

大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。

2这两种极端对立的观点是危险的，最好是让人们意识到自然和人类彼此毫无关联的设想只是一种纯粹的理念；而实际情况并非如此。

3纯自然的环境不适合人类生活，人类不愿意也不能在此环境中长期生活，如果我们身处恶劣的气候达几个小时之久，就会渴望得到一些生活的必需品，抵御风寒的衣物、住所、熟食、亲友的陪伴——甚至想洗个热水澡，看看书，听听音乐。

4纯人文的环境同样也不适合人类生活，人类也不想长久地生活于这种环境之中。

很显然人类所处的环境越人造化，“天然”这个词就越被人珍视。

确实，我们可以说，我们当今的自然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。

然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。

渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，清澈的溪流，清澈的溪流，看到原始森林，大草原和大沙漠的人是哪些不再享有这些自然资源的人们。

5人们不可能离开自然生活，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，但是人们又不可能在纯但是人们又不可能在纯自然的环境中生活而不对它作丝毫的改造。

这一点也适用于所有的生物。

人和其它生物都依赖于自然并且需要改造自然。

从某种意义上讲，我们所说的自然是各种各样生物和自然的力量在它们错综复杂的活动相互影响和变化的过程中所造成的变化的总和。

因为有了啄木鸟，自然就因此而有所不同，自然也因为有了生活在树干中的穿孔虫和蚂蚁以及在树下土壤里的细菌而有所不同，这些不同的组合就形成了世界。

6有些野生动物制造的变化是有利的，海狸制造水塘是出了名的，这些水塘后来成了肥沃的牧场，树和草原上的草可以防止水土流失。

Unit Si1 On any person who desires such queer prices. New York will bestow the gift of loneliness and the gut of privacy. It is this largess that accounts for the presence within the city's walls of a considerable section of the population; for me residents of Manhattan are to a large extent strangers who have pulled up stakes somewhere and come to town seeking sanctuary or fulfillment or some greater or lesser grail. The capacity to make such dubious gifts is a mysterious quality of New York. It can destroy an individual, or it can fulfill him, depending a good deal on luck. No one should come to New York to live unless he is willing to be lucky.1纽约将孤寂与独处当作赠礼，赐予所有向往这份奇特礼物的人们。

纽约城内数量庞大的居民中，冲着这份赠礼而来此落脚的绝不在少数；曼哈顿也因此聚集了众多异乡客，他们背井离乡到此闯荡，有的为了寻求庇护，有的为了一展抱负，还有的为了实现心中或大或小的愿望。

纽约之所以神秘，便在于它总能赐予这般扑朔迷离的馈赠，能使人万劫不复，也能让人飞黄腾达，皆为运气使然。

1.中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费市场不断增长，基础设施不断完善。

China boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labor,low taxation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”，公司每年的销售额达13亿元人民币。

Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale, and with several well-know local brands such as “Chrysanthemum”, ”Swan”, and ”Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.3.人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。

与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。

他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。

人类就这样一代代的生存下来。

Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.4.中国有着许多具有西方特色的五星级宾馆，但是有些外国旅游者宁可要中国式的宾馆，说他们不远千里而来，不是为了要体验他们自己国内每天都常见的东西。

南师大研究生英语翻译考试（2019-2020第一学期回忆版）一、句子翻译（一）英译汉1、Success is often just an idea away. (增词)成功（与否）往往只是一念之差。

2、It is all very well to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.（引申）有一只老虎在油箱里是很好的，但有一只老虎坐在驾驶座上则完全是另一回事。

思考：在本文中，“tank”是指汽车的“油箱”。

“把老虎放进您的油箱”这一说法是埃索加油站公司的广告标语，声称其汽油的动力类似于用户油箱中的一只强大的老虎。

“老虎”一词在这里被隐喻地暗示着（a）强大而（b）令人恐惧的事物，将老虎放在油箱中可以为汽车提供动力（正如埃索（Esso）口号所宣传的那样），但是将老虎放在汽车的方向盘后面会使人感到恐惧。

3、People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. （直译加注）人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻(居心险恶)。

（二）汉译英1、绝对不许违反这个原则。

（词性转换）No violation of this principle can be tolerated.2、必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。

（主被动）It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.3、当今一些经济大案，立案查处，成绩卓然，群众拍手称快。

（语序调整）Nowadays, the public is clapping their hands in applause for the great achievement we have made in placing cases on file for investigation and prosecution concerning some serious economic cases.4、我们几姐弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了!（拆分）That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well,and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!5、你要先考虑清楚,免得吃后悔药。

1，Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture,中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。

Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before.当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。

A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants,10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。

2，Regional Chinese Cuisines地方美食It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming（1368 - 1644）dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，They came from Shangdong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces.分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。

In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：as almost every place has it own local specialties,每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，and as the differrent cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。

北京外国语大学2000年研究生入学考试试卷英语翻译专业I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Explain what translation technique you use in translating the italicized parts and give your reasons in one or two sentences.（30%）1.She lived and died a virgin.2.There is a wonderful universe out there that you couldn’t even begin to dream about.3.Some of them suggested there might be a diplomatic price to pay4.The wait got the best of me,and I left my husband holding our place while I looked for a seat.5.The budget battle was a nail-biter for President Clinton and the two Democrats shepherding the bill through Congress.6.You are telling me.7.A big elephant is no more animal than a little cat is8.Jane’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her sister’s callous behavior.9.The line outside the stock exchange was filled with excited talkers and check writers.10.Today well lived makes every yesterday a memory of happiness and very tomorrow a vision of hope.Ⅱ.Translate the following two passages into Chinese:（30%）1.The opening of doors is a mystic act:it has in it some flavor of the unknown,some sense of moving into a new moment,a new pattern of the human rigmarole*.It includes the highest glimpses of mortal gladness:reunions,reconciliation’s,the bliss of lovers long parted.Even in sadness,the opening of a door may bring relief:it changes and redistributes human forces.But the closing of door is far more terrible.It is a confession of finality.Every door closed brings something to an end.And there are degrees of sadness in the closing of doors.A door slammed is a confession of weakness.A door gently shut is often the most tragic gesture in life.Every one knows the seizure of anguish that comes after the closing of a door,when the loved one is still near,within sound of voice,and yet already far away.*Rigmarole:an elaborate or complicated procedure2.If language were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts,it would be easy to translate from one language to another.One would simply replace the French name for a concept with the English name.If language were like this the task of learning a new language would also be much easier than it is.But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired,alas,a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures,that the concepts…of one language differ radically from those of another…Each language articulates or organizes the world nguages do not simply name existing categories,they articulate their own.Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences into English:（20%）1．这孩子不太听话。

英译汉1．One answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings, solve problems or mutual concerns, cement business relationships, or just make the kind of impression we wish to make. (Para2)为什么会产生误解或反对呢？答案之一就是，大部分人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或者感受，解决共同关注的问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

2. Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. (Para3) 力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而产生的系列肌肉收缩，我们人类各成员都是一样的。

Unit one1、餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small businesses.2、他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist3、像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。

这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。

We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions4、显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。

Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。

No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy.6、人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。

Unit2 家庭企业：下一代的前景美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。

在今后的20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。

大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。

但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。

事实上，多数的交接工作将会失败。

一般来说，只有1／3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。

一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。

在下—个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。

糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。

然而，很多企业已为时太晚了。

一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年，三年甚至是五年进行的。

确切地说，一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。

无论规模的大小，技术的高低或名气是否响亮，每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。

但是无论怎样不同，在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前，以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。

计划你的交接管理机构业主／企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。

他们往往擅长多种技能。

在很多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。

要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。

因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。

参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。

然后，对它们进行比较。

各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。

以朱蒂为例。

朱蒂拥有一家软件公司，她共有三个孩子：一个是电脑天才，一个是赛车手，还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。

另外，朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。

根据她的情况，她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们，但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。

在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的，或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。

因此，提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的，以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。

邀请名人（eminent person）做广告，只要商品是货真价实（genuine products of fair prices），名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。

VIP effect To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular VIP effect, so to speak, provided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices.但是商品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也许会有一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也坍了名人的台，影响了名人的信誉。

Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it. If a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter.因此，名人在接广告时要慎之又慎。