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一、数词讲解1、基数词。
表示数目的多少，如：one, two, three, one hundred, two thousand 等。
2、序数词。
表示顺序第几，其前面须加上定冠词the。
如：the twenty-first, the thirtieth等练习：写出下列数字的基数词和序数词的表示方法。
3、分数。
分数表达法：基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，如果分子大于1时，分母要加“s”。
如：one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths4、年、月、时间表达法：年份用基数词，日期用序数词，时间用基数词，其顺序由小到大。
Eg: He was born on January 11th, 1886. He was born in January, 1990.5、Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加“s”,反之则须加“s”。
如：three hundred people, thousands of people。
(1) 200 个学生____________________________ (2) 成百上千的人__________________________(3) There are about two _______ students in their school.A. thousand ofB. thousands ofC. thousandD. thousands(4) _______ Iraqi people died in the Iraq War.A. Thousand ofB. Thousands ofC. ThousandD. Thousands(5) _______ students in our school went there this summer.A. Two hundredB. Two hundredsC. Two hundreds ofD. Two hundred of基础练习:(1）He lives on _______ floor. A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth(2) Today she is very happy，because it is her ________ birthdayA. seventeenB. seventeenthC. the seventeenthD. the seventeen (3) This is a big class, and ________ of the students are girls.A. two thirdB. second threeC. two thirdsD. two three(4) -- What is one fourth and a half, do you know? -- Yes, it’s _______.A. two sixthsB. three fourthsC. one threeD. three sixths(5) I like this kind of pen, could you please give me _______ more.A. twoB. secondC. the twoD. the second(6) He has failed many times, but he wants to try _________ time.A. sixthB. a sixthC. the sixthD. six(7) In the final exam, he got _______ prize.A. thirdB. the thirdC. threeD. the three二、介词的用法(一) 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用。
英语的虚词与实词虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承当句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感慨词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化：一、冠词(art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。
如：a，an，the.1.不定冠词:a，an2.定冠词：the二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in，on，from，above，behind, across, against, along, around, among, before, below, beneath, besides, beyond, despite, during, except, front, including, inside, like, into, next, near, of, onto, out, out of, outside, over, owning to, per, regarding, since, through, till, towards, under, unlike, until, up, upon, via, while, with, within, without…1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。
可分为三类：①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等②合成介词:如onto，into，within等③分词介词：如including等2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。
如：from behind，since before，until after等3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。
如：in front of，because of，instead of 等三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和附属连词：After, although, also, and, anywhere, as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, both…and…but, considering, either… or… even if, even so, even though,, everywhere, for, hence, however, if, in case, in order that, instead of, likewise, never, nevertheless, not only…but also, now that, once, or, otherwise, regardless, since, so, so that, such that, thus, till, until, unless, when, whenever, wherever, whether, where, while…1.并列连词①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，as well as，not only…but also，neither…nor等②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等2.附属连词：是引导从句的连词①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before， after，once，as soon as，until，till，because，now that，although，though，even if，even though，no matter how，no matter what，whatever，however，whether…or，if，unless，so long as，as long as，in order that，so that，so…that，as if，as though，than，where，wherever等四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
第一节名词及名词专项练习一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名词的词。
名词分为普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
二、可数名词和不可数名词(一)可数名词1. 一般情况下直接加sbook—books cup—cups bag—bags face—faces2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加escity— cities family—families county—counties baby—babies3. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加esbus—buses wish—wishes watch—watches glass—glasses4. 以o结尾的，加s 或eszoo—zoos potato—potatoes photo—photos tomato—tomatoes5. 以f、fe 结尾的，先变f、fe为v 再加esleaf—leaves thief—thieves s helf—shelves life—lives6. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的woman—women man—men child—children foot—feet7. 单数和复数形式相同means —means deer—deer fish—fish sheep—sheep8. 某国人的复数a. 中、日不变Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japaneseb. 英、法变Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmenc. 其余后面加s American—Americans German—Germans（二）不可数名词1. 不能直接用数字表数量；2. 不能直接加a或an；3. 没有复数形式；4. 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰;5. 可用“量词短语”表示，数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格（一）’s 所有格1. 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。
英语的虚词与实词虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化：一、冠词(art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。
如：a，an，the.1.不定冠词:a，an2.定冠词：the二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in，on，from，above，behind, across, against, along, around, among, before, below, beneath, besides, beyond, despite, during, except, front, including, inside, like, into, next, near, of, onto, out, out of, outside, over, owning to, per, regarding, since, through, till, towards, under, unlike, until, up, upon, via, while, with, within, without…1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。
可分为三类：①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等②合成介词:如onto，into，within等③分词介词：如including等2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。
如：from behind，since before，until after等3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。
如：in front of，because of，instead of等三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词：After, although, also, and, anywhere, as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, both… and… but, considering, either…or… even if, even so, even though,, everywhere, for, hence, however, if, in case, in order that, instead of, likewise, never, nevertheless, not only…but also, now that, once, or, otherwise, regardless, since, so, so that, such that, thus, till, until, unless, when, whenever, wherever, whether, where, while…1.并列连词①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，as well as，not only…but also，neither…nor等②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等2.从属连词：是引导从句的连词①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before，after，once，as soon as，until，till，because，now that，although，though，even if，even though，no matter how，no matter what，whatever，however，whether…or，if，unless，so long as，as long as，in order that，so that，so…that，as if，as though，than，where，wherever等四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
英语的虚词与实词虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化：一、冠词(art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。
如：a，an，the.1.不定冠词:a，an2.定冠词：the二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in，on，from，above，behind, across, against, along, around, among, before, below, beneath, besides, beyond, despite, during, except, front, including, inside, like, into, next, near, of, onto, out, out of, outside, over, owning to, per, regarding, since, through, till, towards, under, unlike, until, up, upon, via, while, with, within, without…1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。
可分为三类：①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等②合成介词:如onto，into，within等③分词介词：如including等2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。
如：from behind，since before，until after等3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。
如：in front of，because of，instead of 等三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词：After, although, also, and, anywhere, as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, both…and…but,considering, either…or…even if, even so, even though,, everywhere, for, hence, however, if, in case, in order that, instead of, likewise, never, nevertheless, not only…but also, now that, once, or, otherwise, regardless, since, so, so that, such that, thus, till, until, unless, when, whenever, wherever, whether, where, while…1.并列连词①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，as well as，not only…but also，neither…nor等②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等2.从属连词：是引导从句的连词①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before，after，once，as soon as，until，till，because，now that，although，though，even if，even though，no matter how，no matter what，whatever，however，whether…or，if，unless，so long as，as long as，in order that，so that，so…that，as if，as though，than，where，wherever等四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
高中英语必须牢记的十类词性分类及用法！英语语法最最基础的就是词性了！它为后续各种时态、从句等语法知识的学习奠定了基础。
要想学好语法，那就一定要打牢词性这块的内容！01词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。
1.名词noun n. student 学生2.代词pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的4.副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5.动词verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词numeral num. three 三7.冠词article art. a 一个8.介词preposition prep. at 在...9.连词conjunction conj. and 和10.感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。
下面就一一介绍：02名词名词复数的规则变化名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加“‘s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。
名词所有格的规则如下：1)单数名词词尾加“'s”，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“'s”，如the boy‘s bag 男孩的书包，men’s room 男厕所。
2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加“'”，如：the workers’ struggle工人的斗争。
03代词大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种人称代词的用法I saw her with them,at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。
（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主补）a. -- Who broke the vase？--谁打碎了花瓶？b. -- Me.--我。
