《局部解剖学》英文课件：Posterior region of upper limb

➢ Nipple 乳头
Surface Anatomy of the Anterior Thoracic Wall
Jugular Notch (T2 Vertebral Level)
Clavicle Sternal Angle (T4 Vertebral Level)
Surface Anatomy of the Posterior Thoracic Wall
➢ Sternal line
胸骨线
➢ Midclavicular line
锁骨中线
➢ Parasternal line
胸骨旁线
➢ Anterior axillary line 腋前线
➢ Midaxillary line
腋中线
➢ Posterior axiltary line 腋后线
➢ Scapular line
forced inspiration • Replaced anteriorly by
external intercostals membrane.
2. Deep structures
△ Muscles of thoracic wall 胸壁的肌肉 △ Deep fascia and fascial space
深筋膜及筋膜间隙 （见胸前外侧壁章节） △ Blood vessels and nerves of thoracic wall
胸壁的血管和神经
• T2－sternal angle
C4
• T4－ nipple
T2
• T6－xiphoid process
• T8－costal arch
• T10－umbilicus
• T12－midpoint between

大转子
臀部肌肉注射部位
臀上神经 坐骨神经
髋关节动脉网
以“臀部十字吻合”为重
要，位于臀大肌③深面。
组成：
④
两侧为①旋股内侧动脉 ②旋股外侧动脉
上部为③臀上动脉 ④臀下动脉 ②
下部为⑤第一穿动脉
⑤
临床意义：如手术结扎一侧髂内
动脉，通过此动脉网建立侧支循环， 血液仍可到达髂内动脉的分布区。
③ ④
①
The back of the thigh
(2) Superficial fascia
Small saphenous vein 小隐静脉 Origin: from the lateral sides of a dorsal venous arch in the foot. Course: passes behind the distal end of the fibula (lateral malleolus) and up the back of the leg to penetrate deep fascia and join the popliteal vein posterior to the knee.
tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 median sacral crest 骶正中嵴 sacral cornu 骶角 sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔
1. Superficial structures
(1) Skin
⑦ medial sural cutaneous n.
⑦
⑨
⑧ lateral sural cutaneous n.
⑨ sural nerve
Cutaneous nerves:

一、概 述
• 境界与分区
Boundary and region
• 表面解剖
➢体表标志 surface landmark ➢体表投影 surface projection
境界与分区
表 面 解 剖
Frontal tuber
Supraorbital notch
Frontal tuber
Supraorbital foramen Infraorbital foramen
（2）腮腺管parotid duct：行程、体表投影、开口部位
Opening of the parotid duct
（3）.腮腺咬肌筋膜：咬肌筋膜和腮腺鞘
（4）腮腺的淋巴结：分为浅淋巴结（位于腮腺表面，引流耳廓、
颅顶前部和面上部的淋巴）和深淋巴结（位于腮腺实质内，引流外 耳道、中耳、鼻、腭和颊部深部的淋巴），其输出淋巴管注入颈外 侧深淋巴结。
vessels and nerves in the parotid gland ➢ 腮腺的毗邻 Relation of the parotid gland
• 咬肌 Masseter
（1）腮腺parotid gland 的位置
形态：呈不规则的楔形，底向外，尖向内突至咽旁；被面神经丛
或下颌支后缘分为浅部和深部。
特点及其临 床意义
❖面 部
• 面部浅层结构 the superficial structures of the face
• 面侧区 the lateral region of the face
➢腮腺咬肌区 the Parotid and masseteric region ➢面侧深部 the deep part of the face
（5）穿经腮腺的结构

1. Suprasternal space
胸骨上间隙 Contains connective
tissue, and sometimes a lymph node
2. Pretracheal space
气管前间隙
Lies between pretracheal layer and cervical part of trachea
The neck
(Part I)
Department of human anatomy 2016
I. Boundaries:
Superior B:
Inferior border of mandible, angle of mandible, tip of mastoid process, superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance
contents Sympathetic trunk in the
neck
1. Ansa cervicalis
Upper root form by the hypoglossal nerve
Lower root form by the anterior branches of the 2nd and 3rd cervical nerve.
Covers subclavian vessels and roots of brachial plexus.
Extends into upper limb as axillary sheath.
Ⅲ. The facial space
The loose connective tissues are packed between these layers and the organs of the neck to form the spaces.