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第23单元 A.S.拜厄特23.1复习笔记Antonia Susan Byatt(1936-)(A.S.拜厄特)1.Life(生平)Antonia Susan Byatt,a prominent author,was born in Sheffield,north England, in1936.She studied at Newnham College,Cambridge and Somerville College, Oxford.After graduation,she taught in London University and the Central School of Art and Design.She became a full-time lecturer in English and American Literature at University College London,1972.In1983,she resigned and devoted herself to literary creation.She has served on the judging panels for a number of literary prizes,including the Booker Prize for Fiction,and is recognised as a distinguished critic,contributing regularly to journals and newspapers.Her most successful book, Possession:A Romance,won the Booker Prize for Fiction.A.S.Byatt was appointed CBE in1990and DBE in1999.In2002she was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation,Hamburg,in recognition of her contribution to British culture.A.S.拜厄特于1936年出生于英格兰北部的谢菲尔德市，是英国当代杰出的女作家。
第2单元威廉•莎士比亚2.1复习笔记William Shakespeare（1564-1616）（威廉·莎士比亚）1.Life（生平）Shakespeare is the most remarkable playwright and poet.He was born on April 26,1564in Stratford-upon-Avon.At the age of7,Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school where he was taught reading,writing,Latin and Greek.He was a schoolmaster in the country and became well acquainted with theatrical performances.At18he married a farmer’s daughter who was eight years older than him.After he moved to London around1586,he once worked as an actor,a playwright,and a part owner of a theater company.In1612,he went back home and bought a house called New Palace.He died on April23,the anniversary of his birth,in1616and was buried in Stratford Church.The other famous contemporary writer Ben Jonson praised that“He is not for an age,but for all times!”,indicating the prominent position of Shakespeare in world civilization and literature history.莎士比亚是世界最著名的剧作家和诗人。
第25单元格雷厄姆•斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。
第13单元现代剧作家13.1复习笔记Oscar Wilde(1854-1900)(奥斯卡·王尔德)1.Life(生平)Oscar Wilde,a dramatist,poet,novelist and essayist,was born in Dublin, Ireland.After majoring in classical studies at Trinity College,Dublin,he won a scholarship to Oxford,where he proved a brilliant student and became a disciple of Walter Pater.In1879,he settled in London,and soon won a reputation both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of"art for art’s sake".He soon became the leader of the“aesthetic movement”.Wilde is a witty conversationalist and dandy.In1895,he was charged of a homosexual relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas;Wilde recklessly sued for libel,but lost the case and was arrested and sent to prison for two years.As a result,the public strongly detested him and the aesthetic movement suffered a severe setback.After leaving the jail,Wilde was divorced and declared bankrupt.As a ruined man,he immigrated to France and lived out his last three years under a pseudo name with the financial support from his friends.He was buried in Paris in the same cemetery as the poet Charles Baudelaire.奥斯卡·王尔德是个戏剧家、诗人、小说家和散文家。
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
第6单元浪漫主义诗人(1)6.1复习笔记William Blake(1757-1827)(威廉·布莱克)1.Life(生平)William Blake,born on28November1757,was the son of a London haberdasher.The boy never went to school apart from learning to read and write. He only entered a drawing school and later studied for a time at the Royal Academy of Arts.From14,he apprenticed for seven years to a well-known engraver,read widely in his free time and began to try his hand at poetry.In1800,Blake moved to Felpham,under the patronage of William Hayley whose intention to conventionalize him caused his hatred.In1803,Blake was framed of sedition,but later was acquitted.In1827,Blake died in obscurity and poverty.Though generally dismissed as an eccentric during his lifetime,posterity rediscovered Blake and today he is highly rated both as a poet and artist.威廉·布莱克生于1757年11月28日，是伦敦一杂货商之子。
第18单元爱德华•摩根•福斯特18.1 复习笔记E.M. Forster （1879-1970）（爱德华·摩根·福斯特）1. Life （生平）Edward Morgan Forster, novelist, essayist, critic, was born in a middle-class family of London. His father was an architect and died when he was only a boy. He was brought up by his aunts. Forster studied at Cambridge University, where he enjoyed a sense of liberation. On leaving Cambridge, Forster decided to devote his life to writing. He traveled in Europe, lived in Italy and Egypt, and spent a few years in India.爱德华·摩根·福斯特是小说家，散文家和评论家。
他出生于伦敦中产家庭。
父亲是一位建筑师，福斯特还小时就离世。
福斯特由姑姑养大。
他先在一所公立学校接受教育，后进入剑桥。
离开剑桥后他决定投身写作事业。
他游历了欧洲，在意大利和埃及居住过，并在印度度过几年时光。
2. Major Works of Forster （福斯特主要作品）Where Angels Fear to Tread （1905）《天使不敢涉足的地方》The Longest Journey （1907）《最长的旅行》A Room with a View（1908）《一间看得见风景的房间》Howards End （1910）《霍华兹别墅》A Passage to India （1924）《印度之行》Aspects of the Novel（1927）《小说面面观》3. Selected works （选读作品）◆The Road from Colonus《离开科罗诺斯之路》Mr. Lucas, an old Englishman, he always dreamt of visiting Greece. As in declining health, he decided to go there with his daughter. Occasionally, Mr. Lucas found a mysterious great old hollow tree. He decides not to leave, and says he plans to stay at an inn near the old tree, but the others are horrified, and force him to leave with them. Back in England, sometime later, Ethel is now about to be married. Mr. Lucas has become a perpetually disgruntled old man, complaining about everything. Then a gift arrives from a friend in Greece, wrapped in a Greek newspaper. In it Ethel reads the news that on the night they left, the old tree was blown down, and fell on the family who kept the inn nearby, killing them all. Ethel is upset, and says how lucky it was that they hadn’t stayed there that night, calling it a “marvellous deliverance,” but Mr. Lucas dismisses the story without interest. He no longer cares.The Road from Colonus reveals the relationships between different generations and has a vivid description of the loneliness and helplessness of the old people.故事主人公卢卡斯先生与女儿埃塞尔去希腊路行途中，偶然在科罗诺斯发现一处树穴，让他领悟到前所未有的生活真谛，因此他很想在大树附近的小旅店住下，不肯与其他英国游客一起离开。
第17单元现代主义小说家(2)17.1复习笔记wrence(1885-1930)(D.H.劳伦斯)1.Life(生平)Born in Eastwood Nottinghamshire,David Herbert Lawrence was a prolific writer.His output includes poems,stories,novelettes,novels,plays,literary criticism, essays and travel books.His father was a coal-miner.His mother was a middle-class woman and a school teacher,who had a deep influence upon his life.He studied for two years at Nottingham University College,where he acquired his teacher’s certificate in1908.From1908to1912,he taught in a school.In1914,Lawrence married Frieda von Richthofen,a German noblewoman and the ex-wife of a professor at Nottingham University.During the World WarⅠ,Frieda’s German origin and Lawrence’s objection to the war cause them trouble with the authorities. Frustrated,Lawrence sought refuge in many wrence died of tuberculosis in France,at44.戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯是个多产的作家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（第25单元格雷厄姆第25单元格雷厄姆?斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
第24单元V.S.奈保尔24.1复习笔记Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul（1932-）（V.S.奈保尔）1.Life（生平）Naipaul was born in Chaguanas,Trinidad and Tobago,to parents of Indian descent.In1950,he won the government scholarship and went to Oxford to study literature.Naipaul establishes his position in the English literature world as an immigrate writer.His works has close relation with his personal experiences.His works pays close attention to the social problems and cultural conflicts of those colonized countries in Caribbean area,Africa and India after broken of the colonial system and the hardships and the state of losing roots of those who emigrate from colonial countries to developed ones.As one of the most prominent English immigrate writer,Naipaul has won such important literary prize as Maugham Award and Booker Prize.In1990,he was knighted by Britain Queen.Naipaul won Nobel Prize for Literature in2001奈保尔出生于岛国特立尼达和多巴哥的查瓜那斯，是印度婆罗门的后裔。
1950年获政府奖学金，到牛津大学学习文学。
奈保尔以移民作家的身份在英语文学世界立住了脚跟。
其作品的主题与他的经历密切相关。
他的作品主要关注加勒比海地区、非洲和印度等前殖民地国家在殖民体系解体后的社会问题和文化冲突以及前殖民地国家的人移居到发达国家之后的艰难历程和失根状态。
作为当代最有成就的英国移民作家之一，奈保尔获得过毛姆奖、布克奖等英国重要文学奖项；1990年被英国女王封为骑士；2001年获诺贝尔文学奖。
2.Major Works（主要作品）The Mystic Masseur（1957）《神秘的按摩师》Miguel Street（1959）《米格尔大街》A House for Mr.Biswas（1961）《毕司沃斯先生的房子》In a Free State（1971）《在自由的国度》India:A Wounded Civilization（1977）《印度：伤痕累累的文明》A Bend in the River（1979）《河湾》Among the Believers:An Islamic Journey（1981）《在信徒中间》The Enigma of Arrival（1987）《抵达之谜》A Way in the World（1994）《世间之路》The Writer and the World:Essays（2002）《作家与世界》3.Selected works（选读作品）◆A Way in the World《世间之路》A Way in the World surpasses the limits of genre,combining autobiographies and histories,records of events and fictions.The work focuses on the colonial and post-colonial histories of West Indies.It consists of9chapters,including the author’s memories of his own personal experiences and fictional historical events.In Prelude:An Inheritance,Naipaul,as an immigrate writer,portrays the social life of the third world in the first world.As the narrator says,all he sees when he comes back to hometown seems like the feeling when he first put on “sunglasses”.Apparently,he cannot approve that strange and disordered culture. From such perspective,this prelude not only helps us know about the ideological confusion of the third world people’s cultural identity brought about by colonialism ruling,but also assists us be clear about the“rootless”state of immigrate writers’cultural identity.《世间之路》是一部跨越了文学界限、集自传与历史、融纪实与虚构为一体的作品。
全书围绕西印度群岛的殖民和后殖民历史这一主题。
全书有9章，其中既有作者对自身经历的回忆，也有虚构的历史故事。
在这个短篇中，奈保尔以移民作家的身份在第一世界里描写其第三世界故乡的社会生活。
正如故事叙述者所说，回乡后看到的一切仿佛是第一次戴上“墨镜”时的感受。
他显然不认同那种怪异、混杂的文化。
从这个角度来看，这个短篇作品既有助于我们认识殖民主义统治给第三世界国家人民的文化认同造成的思想混乱，又能帮助我们认识移民作家的文化认同的所谓“无根”状态。
24.2课后习题详解1.What is Leonard Side’s idea of beauty?Is it“surprising”to you as it is surprising to the local teacher?What do you think is the narrator’s(Naipaul’s) attitude towards such an idea of beauty?Key:His idea of beauty mixes roses and flowers and nice things to eat with the idea of making the dead human body beautiful too.Yes,it is surprising to me.Perhaps,after hear the words of the teacher,the narrator feels somewhat surprised,but he calms down soon,because that he can figure out the reasons for the man’s ides of beauty.And such reasons are understandable.So,I think that the narrator’s attitude will be objective.2.Naipaul chooses to retell the story through a local teacher.What difference will it make the writer tells the story directly in first person point of view?Key:If the writer tells the story directly in first person point of view,it will be less objective and less truthful.And it will not be so convincing.3.The story,as it is,is told by a returning immigrant writer and a local school teacher.Would a different person(such as a Western traveller or a friend of Leonard Side’s)tell the story differently?Why?What would be your version of the story if you had known Leonard Side?Key:I think that a different person will tell the story differently.Because that different people have different understanding of this story,and they probably will focus on different emphasis of it.More importantly,they will be influenced by their own interest,understanding ability,cultural background, history and so on when they tell such a story.（答案合理即可）My version of the story may be a very plain one.Perhaps,I will emphasize the idea of beauty of Side just as the teacher does,but that is only because I was also frightened by this.Since I don’t know clearly about the cultural and social background of the stroy,I cannot dig into its reasons or tell the story in a profound way.。
