2019年职称英语理工A真题及答案_精品

职称英语等年级考试理
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2015年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的
位置上。

1 It is obvious that he will win the game．
A likely
B possible
C clear
D strange
2 There is no risk to public health．
A point
B danger
C chance
D hope
3 Did anyone call me when was out?。

2019年职称英语理工类A级阅读判断及答案4The Smog(烟雾)For over a month，Indonesia was in crisis.Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worstdrought for 50 years.Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog.This pollutionquickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia，Singapore and Thailand.When the smoke combined with pollution from factoriesand cars，it soon became poisonous(有毒的).Dangerous amountsof CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levelsrose.People wheezed(喘息)and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰)coveredeverything.In some areas，water was hosed(用胶管浇)from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smogFinally, heavy rains, which came came in November. Putout the fires and clear the air . But the environmental costs and health problems will remain Many people from South—Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of Car exhaust fumes(汽车排放的废气)and factory pollution Breathing problems could well increase and many non—sufferers may have difficulties for the firsttime.Wildlife has suffered too.In lowland forests，elephants，deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact .wasworld was first used in London in 1905 to describe themixture of smoke and thick fog.Fog often hung over the capital.Sometimes the smog was SO thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.About 4，000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.16 Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The smog spread to neighbouring countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Water was used to try to break up the smog.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Many Indonesians blamed the government for the drought.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The forest animals haven’t been affected by the smog.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 The word “smog” first appeared in 1952.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案16 A17 A18 c19 A20 c21 B22 B。

职称英语等级理工类(A级)试题考试试题答案及题解3第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology．A mouse has also been cloned successfully，But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．2 Seed’S announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year．’’3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research．In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，humancloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science．4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like．But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask．Pretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

a级理工职称英语考试题库及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项是“机械工程”的英文表达？A. Mechanical EngineeringB. Civil EngineeringC. Electrical EngineeringD. Chemical Engineering答案：A2. 在计算机科学中，“算法”的英文是什么？A. AlgorithmB. ArithmeticC. LogicD. Syntax答案：A3. 以下哪个词组表示“数据结构”？A. Data StructureB. Data AnalysisC. Data ProcessingD. Data Storage答案：A4. 理工科学生通常需要掌握的“线性代数”英文如何表达？A. Linear AlgebraB. Nonlinear AlgebraC. Differential EquationsD. Calculus答案：A5. “人工智能”在英文中的正确表达是？A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Natural IntelligenceC. Human IntelligenceD. Machine Learning答案：A6. “热力学”的英文术语是什么？A. ThermodynamicsB. KineticsC. MechanicsD. Statics答案：A7. 在物理学中，“量子力学”对应的英文是？A. Quantum MechanicsB. Classical MechanicsC. Statistical MechanicsD. Relativity答案：A8. “材料科学”的英文表达是？A. Material ScienceB. Applied ScienceC. Natural ScienceD. Physical Science答案：A9. “电气工程”的英文术语是什么？A. Electrical EngineeringB. Electronic EngineeringC. Mechanical EngineeringD. Civil Engineering答案：A10. “控制理论”在英文中如何表达？A. Control TheoryB. CyberneticsC. RoboticsD. Automation答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在计算机编程中，用于定义变量的数据类型是________。

职称英语《理工A》真题及答案(完整版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A.imaginationB. confirmationC.recallD. disclosure答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A.carelessB. cruelC.strongD. hard答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. runD.prepare答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableD.adaptable答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的)5. The new garment fits herperfectly.A.haircutB. purseC. clothesD.necklace答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A.fearB. joyC. hurtD.memory答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦)7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.A.decorateB. waterC.changeD. visit答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水)8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.A.disabledD. baby答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿)9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB.severeC.hardD.dry答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.A. realB.outstandingC.creativeD. false答案为A. authentic(逼真的)– real (逼真的)11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. possibleC.ongoingD. central答案为B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. cleverC.keyD. original答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的)– clever (聪明的)13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. increasedC. fellD.maintained答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC.termD. aspect答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching(教导)15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particular答案为A in danger of (处于危险中)— at risk of (处于风险中) 阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel’s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney.Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】21.【题干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young. 【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】22.【题干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previousprojects undertaken in Britain.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】Geothermal(地热)Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’s center flows outwards towards the su rface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’s surface. It often remains well below the earth’s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash” steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes” or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】C【解析】24【题干】Paragraph2_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】A【解析】25【题干】Paragraph3_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】E【解析】26【题干】Paragraph4_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】F【解析】27.【题干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】B【解析】28.【题干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】E【解析】29.【题干】Flash plants produce hot water through _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】C【解析】30.【题干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】A【解析】Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millionsor billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star-it will be completely destroyed,” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasingultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.Br assart agrees. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it’s something that needs to be more studied,” he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.31.【题干】Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?【选项】A.The black hole could tear apart the star.B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D.The black hole could devour the star.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】According to the third paragraph，researchers differed from each other in the problem of_____【选项】A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C.whether shock waves would occur.D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】According to the fourth paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?【选项】A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B.The star would be destroyed completely.C.Much of the star’s matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole’s reach.D.The black hole would completely devour the star.【答案】D【解析】34.【题干】What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?【选项】A.The star’s matter will move further away from by the black hole.B.The black hole’s matter will heat up.C.The torn star’s matter will swirl into the black hole.D.The b lack hole’s matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.【答案】C【解析】35.【题干】According to the context，the word “disruption” in Paragraph 6 means_____【选项】A.”Confusion.”B.”Tearing apart.”C.”Interruption.”D.”Flattening.”【答案】B【解析】阅读理解第二篇Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一tryingto grow too many crops on poorland一resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The wor d “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案：a40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b第三篇OlderV olcanic EruptionsV olcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency” for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivalsThe Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals diddisappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. “The most recentones hardly have an effect at all,” Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousandsor millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones becauseA. older volcanoes were brighter.B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmerC. older volcanoes were hotterD. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily答案：d42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions byA. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava producedD. studying the chemical composition oflava答案：c43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago答案：c44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______A. a political issue.B. self-evident.C. quite certainD. controversial答案：d45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?A. V olcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructiveD. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption答案：cResearchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. _____(46) The team ofresearchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs”, said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource._____(47)Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. _____(48)The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations: when only oil palm nuts were available, when a small number of coula nuts were available，and when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. _____(49)In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everythingavailable-even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. _____(50)46.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】B【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】A【解析】48.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond f rom GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright,may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】E【解析】49.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】F【解析】50.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource andcompeted for them more intensely.【答案】C【解析】CellPhone Lets Your Secrets OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new studyDNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user’s ear The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62)。

职称英语等级理工类(A级)试题考试试题答案及题解2第2部分：阅读判断(第1 6～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个甸子做出判断.如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics‘boffin’(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London．The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects．98 percent of those asked got it wrong．The majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearingglasses and with a white beard．While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31．The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubes．These stereotypes are really damaging to society．Very good school children are put off studying science because they don’t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science．They simply don’t relate to the media’s image of the mad scientist．This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university．If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive．But we must also develop children’s interest in science．In an attempt to change this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals are being organized．Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads．Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every year．These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science．It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design．16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduatesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the futureA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned。

2019 职称英语理工 A 考试教材阅读理解（一）Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and onethat many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories：autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writersmay not be entirely objective in the way they presentthemselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at theway they are and what makes them that way. People as diverseas Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce ，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies ，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographicalaccounts that focus as much on the events of the times as onthe life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use theseevents as backdrops for their lives. They describe them indetail and discuss their importance. Recently ，though ，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography.A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life.In many senses ，these may be the hardest of the three typesto write. Autobiography writers know the events they writeabout because they lived them. But biography writers have togather information from as many different sources as possible.Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goalis to present a balanced picture of a person ，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presentedbiography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n.背景interchangeable /int?'t?end??bl/ adj.可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and HelenKeller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2019年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案2019年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案2019年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。

A. unclear B. obvious C. major D. minor2. The sea turtle’s natural habitA greatly B suddenly C generally D slightly A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting A raise B pose C experience D handle 。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6. Jane said that she couldn’t A spend B take C las t D standA energeticB happyC aloneD busy8. Forester stared at his car，A shaking B turning C jumpingD shouting1A reportedB provedC praisedD caught A anxious B sure C sad D afraid11. At that time, we did not fully the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12. Anderson left the table，A doubting B saying C thinkingD knowing source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14. The study also notes a decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语考试理工类(A级)试题及答案（理工类A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.The news will horrify everyone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented3.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.Even sensible men do absurd things.A.unusualB.ridiculousC.specialD.typical7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning.A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.This sort of thing is bound to happen.A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A.bossB.managerC.starD.dictator10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.recognize11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it.A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.The index is the government’s chief gauge of future economic activity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced14.The food is inadequate for ten people.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解理工类(A级)(1)第l部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth．A take outB break offC push inD dig up2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．A playB showC sendD tell3 This table is strong and durable．A long-lastingB extensiveC far-reachingD eternal4 He endured great pain before he finally expiredA firedB resignedC diedD retreated5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror．A smilingB laughingC shoutingD staring6 The index is the government's chief．gauge of future economic activityA measureB opinionC methodD decision7 It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first．A workableB reasonableC possibleD available8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water．A boiledB pollutedC mixedD sweetened9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your positionA maintainB betterC acquireD support10 She stood there，trembling with fear．A jumpingB cryingC movingD shaking11 Medical facilities are being upgraded．A expandedB repairedC improvedD transferred12 Rock climbing is hazardousA interestingB dangerousC attractiveD useful13 John is eligible for this job．A acceptedB recommendedC rejectedD recommended14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production．A involveB decreaseC speed upD give up15 Mary looked pale and weary．A worriedB uglyC sillyD exhausted第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。