大学数学基础(1)04-第二章高等数学预备知识随堂测验答案

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第二章高等数学预备知识随堂测验答案第一讲合并与化简1.c o s x c o s x xn2去掉分母得:c o s x 1_ _ _ _ _ _ .(A ) 1 (co s x 1) (co s x co s x 1)2(B ) 1 (co s x 1) (co s x c o s x 1)2(C ) 1 co s x c o s x x2 1(D ) 1 c o s x c o s x2n 1 x答案:B解c o s x co s x2c o s x 1 c o s x1(co s x 1) (co s x 1)(co s x 1) (co s x 1)(co s x co s x 1)x 1) 22c o s x 1c o s x c o s x2(co s x 1) (co s x 1)(co s x 1) (co s x 1)(co s x c o s x 1)2n 1 n 2(co s x 1)(co s x c o s x 1)(co s x 1) 1 (co s x 1) (co s x c o s x 1)2故c o s x co s x xn2c o s x 12 1 n 2 x=1 (co s x 1) (co s x c o s x 1) x c o s1) 2.1 1_ _ _ _ _ _ .已知x ,则xn n23 1 54 n 11 1 1 1答案:C (A ) 1 (B ) 12 2 n 1 2 2 n 11 1 1 1(C ) 1 (D ) 12 2 n 1 2 2 n 11 1 1 1解=,4 1 2 2 1 2 1n n n21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 故xn1 12 3 3 5 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 2 n13.n合并乘积得:(1 x )(1 x )(1 x ) ) _ _ _ _ _ _ .2 4n 1 n 1 n 1 n1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x2 2 2 2 1(A ) (B)(C) (D )1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 答案:An (1 x )(1 x )(1 x ))2 4n (1 x )(1 x )(1 x )(1 x ))2 41 x(1 x )(1 x )(1 x )2 2 41 x 1 xn n n n 1(1 x ) (1 x ) 1 ( x ) 1x2 2 2 2 21 x 1 x 1 x4.n1设x ,则数列 { x } _ _ _ _ _ _n nnk k 1(A ) 单调递减但无界(B)单调递减且有界(C) 单调递增但无界(D) 单调递增且有界答案:D解xnn1 1 1 1n k n 1 n 2 n nk 1x n1n 1k 11(n 1)k1 1 1(n 1) 1 ( n 1) 2 ( n 1) ( n 1)1 1 1 1则x x = 0,故 { x }单增n 1 n n2 n 1 2 n 2 n 1 2 (2n 1)(n 1)n n1 1 1又x 1,所以 { x }有上界,下界为x .n n 1n k n2 k 1 k 15.x x x x化简:c o s c o s c o s_ _ _ _ _ _ .2 n 1 n2 2 2 2si n x sin x c o s x si n x (A ) (B)(C) (D)x x x x n 1 n n n2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 c o sn n n n2 2 2 2答案:B解x x xc o s c o s c os2 n 1 n2 2 22x x x x xc o s c o s c o s 2 sin2 n 1 n n2 2 2 2 2x2 sinn2x x x x x x xc o s c o s2 n 1 n 1 2 n 22 2 2 2 2 2 2x x22 sin 2 si nn n2 2x xc o s sinsi n x2x xn 1 n2 sin 2 sinn n2 2第二讲常用求和方法11.2已知a ,则数列{a }的前n项和为______ .n n1 24 n n 4 n n(A) (B)(C )(D )n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1答案:A2 2 4 1 1 解an4n n n n n n1)( 2 )1 2 ( 1) 12S a an 1 2 n1 1 1 1 1 1 14 12 23 34 n n 11 4 n4 1 .n 1 n 12.1已知数列 a 的通项 a n,S 为前n项和,则数列前n项和为{ } 2 { } ______ .n n nSnn 1 n 2 n(A) (B)(C )(D )n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1答案:Cn (a a ) 1 1 1 1解 a 2 n S n (n 1),1 nn n2 S n (n 1) n n 1n1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S S S 2 2 3 3 4 n n 11 2 n1 n1 .n 1 n 13.1 1 1 1已知数列,,,,,则数列的前n项和为2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10______.n n n 1(A ) (B )(C )(D )2(n 1) 4(n 1) n 1 4(n 1)解an1 1 1 1 1 12 (22) 4 ( 1) 41n n n n n nS a an 1 2 n1 1 1 1 1 1 114 2 2 3 3 4 n n 11 1 n14 n 1 4(n1).答案:B4.1 1 1______. 已知a n ,则na a a a a a1 2 2 3 n 1 nn(A ) (B )n (C )n 1 (D )n 12答案:D解1 1 1a a a a aa1 2 2 3 n 1 n=1 1 11 2 2 3 n 1n2 13 2 n 1 n 15.1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ .2 2 2 2 2 2 2(A ) 5 0 5 0 (B) 5 0 5 0 (C ) 1 0 0 (D) 5 0 5答案:A解 1 2 3 4 5 61002 2 2 2 2 2 2(1 2 )(1 2)(3 4)(3 4)100)(99 100)100 (1 100)(1 2 3 4 100) 50502第三讲常用求和方法21.1 2 3 nSn 2 3 n3 3 3 3______.1 1 1 n 3 1 1 n(A ) 1 (B ) 1n n n n4 3 2 3 4 3 2 3答案:B3 1 1 n 1 1 n(C ) 1 (D) 1n n n n 14 3 2 3 2 3 3解S1 2 3 4n 2 3 4 n3 3 3 3 31 123 nSn n n2 3 4 13 3 3 3 3 3.两式相减得1 1 1 1 n1 Sn n n2 3 13 3 3 3 3 31 113 3 n 1 1 nn11 323 3n 1 n n 1132 1 1 n3 1 1 n 即,故S 1 S 1n n n 1 n n n3 2 3 34 3 2 32.n 1已知a (2n 1)4 ,则a a a ______.n 1 2 3 n1 1n n(A ) (6 n5)4 5 (B )(6 n5)4 59 91 1n n(C )(6 n3)4 5 (D )(6 n5)4 39 9答案:A解Sn2 3 n 11 3 4 5 4 7 41)42 3 4 n 1n 4 S 1 4 3 4 5 4 7 4 3)4 (2n 1)4n两式相减得3T 1 2 (4 4 4 (2n1)42 3 nn故1S (6n5)4 5nnn93.已知a 2n 3 ,则a a a ______.nn 1 2 3 n3(1 3 ) 3 (1 3 )n nn n 1(A ) n 3 (B )n 32 21 3 3 (1 3 )n nn 1 n 1(C )n 3 (D ) 32 2答案:B解 2 3 n 1 n S 2 3 4 3 6 3 2 ) 32 n 3n2 3 n 1 n n1 3 S234 3 4 ) 3 (2n 2 ) 32 n 3n两式相减得 2 3 n n 1 n n12 S 2 (3 3 3 3 ) 2 n 3 3(3 1)2 n 3n故3(1 3 )nS n n2n 13 .4.已知数列 {a }满足a 1, a a n ,则a = _ _ _ _ _ _ .2n 1 n 1 n 1 0 1(A ) 5 0 5 0 (B) 5 0 5 0 (C ) 5 0 5 1 (D) 5 0 5 1 答案:Da a n a a (n 1)2 2n 1 n n n 1解由已知得,,n 1 n n 1 n n 1 n( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)a a (n 2 ) a 12 2n 1 n 2 2 1,,n 1 n 2 n 1 2 2( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 ( 1)叠加得a an11 2 3 4 (n 1)n12 2 2 2 2 ( 1) 1na a1 0 111 2 3 41 0 112 2 2 2 ( 1) 11 0 1 ( 1) (1 0 11)1 0 1 21 2 3 42 2 2 2(1 2 )(1 2 ) (3 4 )(3 4 ) 1 0 0 ) (9 9 1 0 0 )(1 2 3 0 0 ) 5 0 5 0a 1 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 1 .1 0 15.已知f (2x) f ( x) x ,则f ( x ) ______.22 2x x 1 x x 1(A) f ( ) [1 ( ) ] (B) f ( ) [1 ( ) ]n nn n2 3 4 2 3 22 2x x 1 x x 1(C ) f ( ) [1 ( ) ] (D ) f ( ) [1 ( ) ]n nn n2 3 4 2 3 2答案:C解由f (2x ) f ( x ) x 得22 2 2x x x x x x x xf ( x ) f ( ) f ( ) f ( ) ) f ( ) ,,,,n 1 n n2 4 2 4 1 6 2 2 4将以上各式累加,得2 2 2 2x x x x x f ( x ) f ( )n n2 4 1 6 6 4 4于是2x x 1 f ( x ) f ( ) [1 ( ) ].nn2 3 4第四讲常用求和公式1.1 2 ) ______ .2 2 2n (n 1)(2 n 1) (n 1)(2 n1) (A ) (B )6 6n (2n 1)(2 n 1) (n 1)(n 2)(2n3) (C )(D)6 6答案:D解代入公式2 2 n (n 1)(2 n 1)自然数平方和公式:1 262.1 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ .2 2 2(A ) 3 8 6 (B) 3 8 5 (C) 3 8 4 (D) 3 8 3答案:B解代入公式2 2 1 0 1 1 2 1自然数平方和公式:1 2 3 8 563.1 2 ) ______.3 3 32 2(n 1)(n 2) (n 2)(n 3)(A ) (B)2 22n n n n( 1)( 2)( 1)( 2)(C )(D )2 2答案:C解代入公式2n (n 1)自然数立方和公式:1 23 322(n 1)(n 2 )1 2 )23 3 34.答案:C 1 2 99______.3 3 32 2(A ) 4949(B )4950(C )4950(D )4949解代入公式2n (n 1)自然数立方和公式:1 23 3229 9 1 0 01 2 4 9 5 0 .3 3 225.2 2 (n 1)(2n 1)1 26答案:错误2 2 n ( n 1)( 2n 1)解自然数平方和公式:1 26第五讲和差化积1.sin 5sin 3______ .(A ) 2 sin 8cos 2(B ) 2 sin 4cos(C )sin 4c os(D )sin 8cos 2答案:B解根据公式sin sin 2 sin c os2 2得sin 5 sin 3 2 sin 4c o s .2.sin 3sin 5_ _ _ _ _ _ .1(A ) 2 c o s 4sin (B)c o s 4sin21(C ) 2 c o s 4c o s(D) c o s 4c o s2答案: A解根据公式sin sin 2 c o s sin2 2得sin 3sin 5 2 c o s 4sin .3.sin sin______ .cos cos(A) sin (B)cos (C )tan (D ) cot2 2 2 2 答案:D解公式,sin sin 2 sin c o s c o s c o s 2 sin sin2 2 2 22 sin c o s c o ssin sin 2 2 2c o t.c o s c o s 22 sin sin sin2 2 24.22c os cos ______.3 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(A) c os2(B)c os(C )c os2(D )c os2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4答案:C解根据公式1c o s c o s c o s( ) c o s()2得22 1 2222c o s c o s c o s() c o s()3 3 2 3 3 3 31 4 1 1c o s c o s 2c o s 2.2 3 2 45.1sin x sin y cos( x y ) cos( x y ) .2答案:正确解根据公式1sin x sin y cos( x y ) cos( x y ).2第六讲参数方程1.x=2+t,x2 y2已知曲线C:(t 为参数).则曲线C 的参数方程,4+9=1,直线l:y=2-2t及直线l 的普通方程分别为______.2 co s 2 co sx x(A) x y 6 0 (B) 2 x y 6 0,,y 3 sin y 3 sinx 3 co s x 2 c o s(C ),2 x y 6 0 (D ),2 x y 6 0y 2 sin y 3 sin答案:Dx=2cos θ,解曲线C 的参数方程为(θ为参数).y=3sin θ直线l 的普通方程为 2x+y-6=0.2.如图,以过原点的直线的倾斜角θ为参数,则圆x2+y2-x=0的参数方程为________.x cos x sin2 2(A ) (为参数 ) (B )(为参数 )y sin c os y sin co s2x cos2x cos(C )( ) (D ) 1 ( )为参数为参数 2yy sin cossin2答案:A1 1解如图,圆的半径为2,记圆心为C2,0 ,连接CP,1 1 1则∠PCx=2θ,故x P=2sin 2θ=sin θcos θ(θ2+2cos 2θ=cos2θ,y P=为参数).x=cos2θ,故圆的参数方程为(θ为参数).y=sin θcos θ3.x=1-22 t,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知直线l 的参数方程为(t 为参数),y=2+22 t直线l 与抛物线y2=4x 相交于A,B 两点,则线段AB 的长为______.(A ) 8 (B )8 2 (C ) 6 2 (D ) 2 2答案:Bx=1-22 t,解:将直线l 的参数方程2+代入抛物线方程y2=4x ,得y=2+ 2 t22 22 t =41-22 t ,解得t1=0,t2=-8 2.所以AB=|t1-t2|=8 2.4.x=2cos t,已知动点P,Q 都在曲线C:(t 为参数)上,对应参数分别为t=α与y=2sin tt =2α(0<α<2π),M 为 PQ 的中点,则 M 的轨迹的参数方程为______.xco scos 2xco ssin 2(A )(0)(B )(02)y sin sin 2ysincos 2xcos cos 2xcossin 2(C )(02)(D )(0)y sin sin 2ysincos 2答案:C解:依题意有 P (2cos α,2sin α),Q (2cos 2α,2sin 2α),因此M (cos α+cos 2α,sin α+sin 2α). M 的轨迹的参数方程为x yc o s c o s 2 sin sin2(02 ).5.x=t,x=3cos φ在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若直线l:(t 为参数)过椭圆C:y=t-a y=2sin φ(φ为参数)的右顶点,则常数a 的值为________.答案:3x=t,解由直线l 的参数方程(t 为参数)消去参数t,得直线l 的一般方程y=t-a为y=x-a,由椭圆的参数方程可知其右顶点为(3,0).因为直线l 过椭圆的右顶点,所以 3-a=0,即a=3.第七讲极坐标方程1.x=t cos α,在直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线C1:(t 为参数,t≠0),其中 0≤α<π.y=t sin α,在以O 为极点,x 轴正半轴为极轴的极坐标系中,曲线C 2:r=2sinθ,C3:r=2 3cosθ. 则C2 与C3 交点的直角坐标为______.3 3 3 3(A) (1,1)和 ( , ) (B)(0, 0)和 ( , )2 2 2 23 3(C )(0, 0)(D)( , )2 2答案:B解:(1)曲线C2 的直角坐标方程为x2+y2-2y=0,曲线C3 的直角坐标方程为x2+y2-2 3x=0.x=32 ,x2+y2-2y=0,x=0,联立解得或x2+y2-2 3x=0,y=0, 3y=2.所以C2 与C3 交点的直角坐标为(0,0)和 3 32 ,2 .若以直角坐标系的原点为极点,x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,则线段y=1-x (0≤x≤1)的极坐标方程为______.(A) r =1 π,0≤θ≤cos θ+sin θ 2(B) r =1π,0≤θ≤cos θ+sin θ 4π(C) r = cosθ+sinθ,0≤θ≤2π(D) r = cosθ+sinθ,0≤θ≤ 4 答案:A解∵xryrc ossin∴y=1-x 化成极坐标方程为r cos θ+r sin θ=1,1即r=cos θ+sin θ.π∵0≤x≤1,∴线段在第一象限内(含端点),∴0≤θ≤ 2 .3.x=t,设曲线C 的参数方程为(t 为参数),若以直角坐标系的原点为极点,x 轴y=t2的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,则曲线C 的极坐标方程为________.(A ) r sin cos(B)r sin co s2(C )r cos sin (D )r c o s sin2答案:C解曲线C 的直角坐标方程是y=x2,化为极坐标方程得r sinθ=r 2cos2θ.即r cos2θ=sinθ.在极坐标系中,圆r 2 cos的垂直于极轴的两条切线方程分别为______.(A ) 0 (r R ) 和r c os 2 (B)(r R ) 和r c o s 22(C )(r R ) 和r c os 1 (D )0 (r R ) 和r c o s 12答案:B解在直角坐标系中,圆的方程为x2+y2=2x,即(x-1)2+y2=1.从而垂直于x 轴的两条切线方程分别为x=0,x=2,π即θ=2 (r∈R)和r cos θ=2.故选 B.5.π在极坐标系中,点32,到直线r(cosθ+3sinθ)=6 的距离为________.答案:1π解把极坐标转化为直角坐标,点(2,)对应的直角坐标为点(1,3),3极坐标方程r(cosθ+3sinθ)=6对应的直角坐标方程为x+3y=6,即x+3y-6=0.|1+3×3-6|∴点到直线的距离为d==1.2第八讲有理分式的分解1.分解1x( x1)2______.1 x 1 x 1 1 12 x(A ) (B )(C )(D )x x 1 x x 1 x x 1 x x 12 2 2 2答案:A解法一1 A B x C A ( x 1) x ( B xC )2x ( x 1) x x 1 x ( x 1)2 2 21 A ( x 1) x ( B x C ) ( A B ) x C x A2 2A B A0 11 1 xC 0 B 1 .故x ( x 1) x x 12 2A 1 C 0解法二1 (1 x ) x 1 x2 2.x ( x 1) x ( x 1) x x 12 2 22.分解x x22( x 1)( x1)2______.1 1 1 1(A ) (B )x 1 x 1 x 1 ( x 1)21 2 1 1(C )(D )x 1 ( x 1) x 1 ( x 1)2 2答案:D解x x 2 ( x 2 x 1) ( x1) 2 22 2( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1)( x 1)2 2 ( x 1) ( x 1) 1 12( x 1)( x 1) x 1 ( x 1)2 23.分解4 x 3( x 1)3______.4 7 4 7(A ) (B )( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1)2 3 2 32 7 4 11(C )(D )( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1)2 3 2 3答案:B解4 x 3 A B C A ( x 1) B ( x 1)C2( x 1) x 1 ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1)3 2 3 3即 4 x 3 A ( x 1) B ( x 1)C 22A ( x 2 x 2 )B ( x 1)C A x ( 2 A B ) x (2A B C )2 2,A 0 A比较系数得解得2 A B 4 B 42 A B C3 C 7.4 x 3 4 7故( x 1) ( x 1) ( x1)3 2 34.分解______.x 4 x 4x3 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1答案:C(A ) (B )4 x 4 x 2 2 ( x 2) 4 x 4 x 2 2 ( x 2)2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(C )(D )4 x 4 x 2 2 ( x 2) 4 x 4 x 2 2 ( x 2)2 21 1 A B C解x 4 x 4 x x x 2 x x 2x 23 2 2 2A ( x 2 )B x ( x 2 )C x22因为 1 A x 2 B x x 2 C x,x ( x 2 )21 1 1令x 0,得A ;令x 2,得C ;令x 1,得B .4 2 4.1 1 1 1 1 1 1所以x ( x 2 ) 4 x 4 x 2 2 ( x2 )2 25.分解______ .1 3 x 1 x229 1 1 3 x 1 9 1 1 3 x 1答案:B(A ) (B )10 1 3 x 10 1 x 10 1 3 x 10 1 x2 29 1 1 3 x 1 1 3 x 1(C )(D )10 1 3 x 10 1 x 1 3 x 1 x2 21 A B x C A (1 x ) ( B x C )(1 3 x )2解,21 3 x 1 x (1 3 x )(1 x )2 21 3 x 1 x因为 A x B x C x A B x B C x A C ,1 1 1 3 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( )2 29A1 0A 3B 03B 3C 0 B1 0A C 11C1 0于是9 3 1x1 1 0 1 0 1 0 9 1 1 3 x121 3 x 1 x 1 3 x 1 x 1 0 1 3 x 1 0 1x2 2.。