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高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 56What is Autism?Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder that affects the way a person municates and relates to other people. The range and intensity of disability varies widely, but all individuals affected by autism have difficulty with munication, learning and social skills. Autism usually manifests during the first three years of life. Impaired social interaction is the hallmark symptom. Many people affected by autism do not have even one friend. This is very stressful to them and to their families. Individuals affected by autism may also exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or attachments to objects, resistance to changes in routine, and extreme sensory sensitivity. This monly includes severe reactions to noise and touch, may contribute to increased levels of anxiety and often means that significant levels of supervision are required. There is no definitive cause or cure, but specialized interventions can give individuals affected by autism the tools they need to lead full and productive lives.There are many different myths surrounding autism in the world. Here, are some of the truths about it.Autism is not rare. The latest statistics indicate one in 165 Canadians is affected by Autism, an increase of over 600% in the past ten years. What was once viewed as a rare disorder is now recognized as the most mon neurological disorder affecting children.Autism is not an emotional disturbance, but a neurodevelopmental disorder.Parents do NOT cause autism. It's not the fault of poor parenting. However,parents DO need support to manage difficult behaviors with structure and consistency.People do not "grow out" of autism. With early intervention and good educational programs progress may be significantly better. The autistic need to be learning, living and working in settings where there is ample opportunity to municate and interact with others who have the skills they need.People affected by autism range from those with a severe developmental disability to those who are intellectually gifted. In a similar way, the spectrum includes individuals who are non-verbal and can learn to use augmentative munication systems and those who are highly verbal but have difficulty using language in social situations and understanding non-verbal munication. It is very rare for someone affected by autism to demonstrate the fantastic mathematical and artistic abilities exhibited by Dustin Hoffman's character in the film "Rainman", but many people with autism have isolated skills in areas such as date calculation, statistics or rote memory.。
第九单元医学Text A谁还需要医生？在变化的时代洪流中与时俱进费格斯•沙纳汉所有的一切都早经由前人说过，但是没有人听，于是我们不得不总是返回起点，从头开始。
——安德烈•纪德通常情况下，医生大都具备适应变化的能力。
但随着变化的脚步逐渐加快，他们会不断面临挑战，所担任的角色也会遭到不少质疑。
尽管医学界在医药方面已经取得了不少成就，但是现代社会对医疗职业却存有的越来越多的疑问；尽管与之前相比，人们变得越来越健康，但是健康仍旧是人们所关注的热门话题。
因此，随着人们对医疗职业的职业满意度越来越低，替代医学逐渐兴起。
美国的新闻杂志借由其封面大声喊出，“谁还需要医生啊？”，而很多医学杂志的评论标题也充斥着负面的情绪：“不高兴的医生”；“现代医学一成不变”；“医学作为一种艺术的失败”；以及“医生会有未来吗？”而这种情绪也在皇家医师学会的报道中有所体现，他们报道的对象正是在变化大潮中不断变化的医生角色。
报道中出现了一些对医生不利的词语与表达：“医疗职业……处于劣势”；“心神不安”；“很多医生看起来都不快乐”；“医生……过时了”以及“医生的角色需要清晰的解释”。
因此，人们呼吁医生们在塑造未来的过程中能够担当起更加积极的角色。
对医疗行业来说，明智之举就是培养更多的领导能力，重点关注如何能使人们保持健康的状态，以巩固医疗行业对社会福利的影响。
但是目前，医疗行业存在的最大挑战将会是在“伙伴关系”方面，也就是医生和病人之间的关系——医患关系。
十多年前有社论观点做出预测称，正是超级专业化，分子医学以及冠以“循证”的一切这些因素促进了医疗行业的变化，而最彻底的变化是在医患关系方面。
这种关系错综复杂，容易受到社会潮流的影响。
而过去的分析倾向于侧重医生们如何确诊疾病，而当前难以捉摸的诊断已经很少见了。
而对于病人来说，医患关系的好坏结果也取决于医生的职业福利，因此这方面需要获得人们的关注。
随着世界变化日新月异，人们的职业也应在变化的大潮中面对挑战，做出相应的回应，所以医生个人需要与时俱进，并且要思考如何能够信心十足地面对挑战，并且享受挑战。
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 83 Where Does Bad-breathOdor e From素材Unit 83Where Does Bad-breath Odor e From?We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath originates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more surprising causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide.Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic "morning breath".Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise -- anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. so can stress, though it's not understood why. Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry-mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts salvia and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus. If the mouthwash contains alcohol -- as most do -- it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.。
Unit 34Public Behavior in France-- ConversationWelcome topics of conversation in France are food, art, music, philosophy, sports and current events / history. Studying French history, politics, and other aspects of the culture will be an advantage for you in conversation. And you'll fin d that conver sations often shift into spirited debates. Be prepared to answer questions about your own country, espe cially regarding political matters and its history. It is extremely bad manners to ask an individual about his political leanings or how he voted. Do not criticize Napoleon, who has a lasting identity with the French spirit.-- Gift GivingIf you are invited to a Fren ch home, consider it a rare honor. Bring flowers, quality chocolates or liqueur to the host, and present your gift before the entertaining proceeds. If you decide to bring flowers, remember that chrysanthemums are for funerals, red roses for lovers. A gift of carnations can often be interpreted as a sign of bad will. Moreover, ens ure that the bouquet is in o dd numbers, in accordance with the old European tradition. Be aware that displays of warmth and generosity between business associates are not the norm in French business culture. Giving presents is acceptable here, but exercise discretion.-- LanguageIt's strongly recommended that you learn basic French phrases and use them whenever possible. Your efforts will be well appreciated and will be remembered. The French will revert to English if they see you floundering. When you speak their language, be gracious if the French correct your mistakes in grammar or pronunciation. Usually, people who make these efforts care about the French language and are only trying to help you speak it effectively.-- Body LanguageGood posture is considered a sign of breeding in this culture. Keep you hands out of your pockets when in public. Chewing gum in public is considered vulgar. Snapping fingers is considered offensive. If you feel the need to point, motion with your whole hand, rather than your i ndex finger.Expect to be greeted by a handshake; kissing on the cheeks (across genders) is also common among st colleagues at work. It is not extended to outsiders and you should not attempt it until your female colleagues have made the initial move. Des pite the formality of French business culture, people tend to stand close when speaking to each other. Moreover, touching a shoulder or patting an arm is also commonplace and usually within the bounds of French business etiquette.Smiling is treated only with indifference here. It will not be perceived as a greeting or as an indication of approval.The US "OK" sign -- forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger -- actually means "zero" or "useless" in France. The French "OK" symbol is the North American "thumbs up --" people use this symbol to express approval.。
李观仪《新编英语教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（Unit9）Unit 9⼀、词汇短语Text I1. elicit v. to give rise to; evoke引出，引起e.g. Mr. Norris said he washopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.诺⾥斯先⽣说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。
2. anarchy n.disorder; confusion⽆秩序，混乱e.g. The concept ofself-organizing teams does not imply anarchy. ⾃组织团队的概念不意味着⽆政府状态。
3. blithely adj. in a happy and carefree manner快活地，⽆忧⽆虑地；漫不经⼼地e.g. They blithely carried on chatting, ignoring the customerswho were waiting to be served. 他们继续开⼼地聊天，将等着购物的顾客们置于⼀边。
4. n.being deserted and allowed to fall intoruins遗弃，弃置e.g. The previous owners had rescued the building fromdereliction. 以前的主⼈把这座建筑物从废墟中挽救了出来。
5. graff n.drawings or writing on a public wall, usuallyhumorous, obscene or political(在公共墙壁上涂写的)图画或⽂字，涂鸦e.g.Buildings old and new are thickly covered with graffiti.新旧建筑物都覆盖着密密⿇⿇的涂鸦。
Book 2 Unit 3 Amazing people晨读暮诵单元话题——社会人物1．respectable adj.令人尊敬的2．achievement n．成就3．volunteer n．志愿者4．aggressive adj.有进取心的5．determination n．决心6．attractive adj.有魅力的7．distinguished adj.杰出的8．cooperate v．合作9．virtue n．美德10．responsibility n．责任11．with a strong will有坚强的意志12．do research on对……做研究13．be determined to do sth.决心做某事14．do a good deed做好事15．in need of需要16．share…with…与……分享17．set an example to为……树立榜样18．be beneficial to对……有好处1．Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。
2．As a dedicated player，Yao Ming sets us a good example.作为一名富有献身精神的运动员，姚明给我们树立了一个良好的榜样。
3．With great determination and perseverance，she commits to helping the blind and deaf children，which makes a great contribution to the charity.凭着巨大的决心和毅力，她全身心帮助盲聋儿童，为慈善事业作出重大贡献。
4．She is honored and known as “Mother of Charity” in the world.她被国际上誉为“慈善之母”。
(2018·高考北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。
UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．international airlines 国际航空公司2．traditional crafts 传统工艺3．antique shop 古董店4．a massive rock 一块巨大的岩石5．spectacular views 壮观的景色6．the snow-covered peaks 白雪覆盖的山峰7．a fire drill 一场消防演习8．a huge shopping mall 一家大型购物商场9．a bunch of flowers 一束鲜花10．to enter/leave harbour 进入/离开港口11．useful idioms 有用的习语二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause, so it is very important to stay physically healthy.(vi.由……引起)2．There are bound to be price increases next year.(adj.一定会)3．The area is remarkable for its scenery.(n.景色)4．I'm just trying to highlight things you already know a little bit about.(vt.强调)5．At the time we couldn't have anticipated the result of our campaigning.(vt.预料)6．Soldiers had temporarily closed the border between the two countries.(n.边界)7．Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. (adj.相反的)8．Anyhow, I think the paper is well prepared.(adv.不过)9．Don't wait until you feel 100 percent confident before you proceed.(vi.继续做)10．By dusk we were dog-tired and heading for home. (n.黄昏)11．She spoke with a strong Australian accent.(n.口音)12．The company owes money to more than 60 banks.(vt.欠)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．I spent a pleasant day in the country.(adj.令人愉快的)拓展：pleasure n．快乐，娱乐；乐事2．It's a totally awesome experience.(adj.很好的)拓展：awe n．敬畏；惊叹vt.使敬畏；使惊叹3．If the temperature drops below 0 ℃， water freezes.(vi.结冰)拓展：freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的4．The ending of the novel will astonish you.(vt.使吃惊)拓展：astonishing adj.惊人的；令人吃惊的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶5．Miss Parrish recently placed an advertisement in the local newspaper.(n.广告)拓展：advertise vt.& vi.(为……)做广告/宣传；登广告；招聘→advertising n．广告(业)三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思1．My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.令人惊叹2．Contrary to expectations, interest rates did not rise.相反的3．He introduced his plans briefly and then proceeded to explain them in more details.进而做4．In addition to my weekly wage, I got a lot of tips.除……之外5．Fast mask-changing is unique to Sichuan Opera performance.是……特有的6．In contrast to the previous year, the situation is much better now.与……相比7．Students tend to owe their success to the guidance of their teachers.把……归功于8．Written records show that acupuncture dates back to the Song Dynasty.追溯到9．I've never come across such an experience in my time.遇到10．On the living room table I found a bunch of flowers and a good bottle of French wine.一束11．He may have some shortcomings, but all in all he is a good student.__C__A．尤其B．毕竟C．总的来说D．同时12．We drove all the way through pouring rain. __C__A．在某种程度上B．顺便说C．一路上D．在各方面13．I always start the day by going through my emails.__D__ A．通过B．经历C．完成D．查阅四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.2.3.教材原句Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. (过去分词短语作状语)从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。
1.填空题根据所给出的汉语意思，写出空缺处单词的正确形式。
1.（1）Diets are the most effective when ______（结合）with exercise.答案'（1）combined'解析（1）combined 考查固定用法。
句意：当和锻炼结合起来的时候，节食才是最有效的方式。
be combined with与……结合，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语动词中的be动词可以省略。
when后的句子省略了it is。
故填combined。
1.（2）With so much homework to do, most children's playtime is now very ______（有限的）.答案'（2）limited'解析（2）limited 考查形容词。
句意：有这么多作业要做，大部分孩子的玩耍时间是非常有限的。
有限的：limited，由动词limit变化而来，故填limited。
1.（3）Everyone should be aware of his ______（强项）and weaknesses.答案'（3）strengths'解析（3）strengths 考查名词的数。
句意：每个人都应该意识到自己的长处和不足。
强项：strength，此处表示多个，用复数形式，故填strengths。
1.（4）We'll run into ______（债务）if you spend more than our income.答案'（4）debt'解析（4）debt 考查名词。
句意：如果你消费的比收入还要多，我们就会负债。
债务：debt，故填debt。
1.（5）Many people have come to realize that they should go on a ______（均衡的）diet.答案'（5）balanced'解析（5）balanced 考查形容词。
Unit 9
Why French Live Longer
In 1965, a French lawyer, Andre Raffray, gambled on statistics and lost.
He acquired the flat of a 90-year-old woman, Jeanne Calment, agreeing to pay her a lifetime pension of 2,500 francs a month in exchange. It seemed reasonable to think Calment would die before him. After all, he was only 47.
As the decades flew past, Raffray went into a sad dec line. On Christmas Day, 1995, aged 77, he died, having paid out three times the market value of the apartment.
At her nursing home in Arles that day, Calment, aged 120, dined on chicken liver and roast duck. She would enjoy life for another two ye ar before dying, the longest-lived human being whose age can be confirmed by reliable records. "I took pleasure when I could. I acted clearly and morally and without regret. I'm very lucky," she said.
Was it mere luck? Perhaps something else was at work. True, Calment was exceptional. But with a glass o f red wine in one hand and a health insurance card in the other, the French appear to dance their way toward being the longest-lived nation on earth. The French have steadily competed wit the Japanese in terms of average life expectancy. French researchers have declared that, if recent trends in death rates continue, average life expectancy in France would reach 85 by 2033. If their predictions ring true, the French life expectancy will be two years ahead of Japan, well ahead of Britain, and leaving th e US in the dust.
It was French cardiologist Serge Renaud, who coined the phrase "the French paradox". His research showed that, de spite eating a diet high in saturated fat, the French tended to live longer and had one of the lowest rates of coronary disease in the industrialized countries.
He put it down to wine. Two or three glasses a day, he said -- with some heavy scientific data to back it up -- combat not just heart disease, but cancer. It was a great boost to French pride, not to mention French wine exports.
However, it is French women who are living longer. In 1998, they had a life expectancy of 82.4, compared to 79.7 for women in England and Wales. Marjorie Marais, who works in publishing in London, says that the difference in drinking culture between the two societies is very marked -- as much to do with rhythm as quantities.
"The French drink a lot ore regularly, in smaller quantities" she said.
But it is not just about l i festyle choice. The French health care system, funded by compulsory insur ance from individuals a nd employers, is better. Improvements in the French health service are al so a reason for greater average longevity -- such as better training and equipment to deal with cardiac emergencies.。
