2 第2讲 词的增补与省略
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翻译技巧第二节增词法英汉两种语言在词汇、句式和文化等方面的差异显著,在翻译过程中,译者难免要对译文作一些增添或删减。
奈达博士认为,好的译文往往略长于原文,因为原作对于原文读者来说很少有语言文化上的障碍,而译文读者却没有这样的便利。
因此译者往往需要把原文中隐含的一些东西增补清楚,以便读者理解。
例如:(1)The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure.[原译]随着压力,氢分子越来越接近。
[改译]随着压力增加,氢分子越来越接近。
(2)The dust,the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.[原译]烟尘、喧闹声和渐浓的夜色使一切都陷入混乱之中。
[改译]烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈浓,一切都陷入混乱之中。
在这两个例子中,“原译”似乎都与原文一一对应。
但例l中的“原译”含糊不清,让人难解其意。
“改译”增添了“增加”二字起到了画龙点睛的作用,让人茅塞顿开。
同样,例2的“原译”拖泥带水,语义表达不够充分。
“改译”中增加了“滚滚”、“人声”几个词,不仅将原文意思表达得淋漓尽致,而且四字词组的运用也使译文音韵和谐、琅琅上口。
由此可见,翻译上的增词是由于句法、语义或修辞上的需要,也是翻译中必不可少的技巧之一。
一、增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语许多英语句子中虽然并未省略某些成分,但汉译时仍须增补有关词语才能使译文明快达意、文从字顺。
例如:(一)增加名词1. 在不及物动词后面增加名词英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词,有时用作不及物动词;当它们作不及物动词用时,宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的,译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来,否则意思就不够明确。
(1)She often tells his son to wash before meal.她经常告诉儿子吃饭前要洗手。
第二讲词的增补与省略
Amplification
Grammatical amplification
1. 眉头一皱,计上心来。
Knit your brows and you will hit upon a stratagem.
Amplification for precision of meanings
1. 我不爱喝饮料。
don’t like soft drinks.
Omission
Omission of repetitive words
1. “我没有疯—一点也没有疯!我要你说,我要你告诉他们!这是我与他们算账的最后机会。
”
No, I’m not mad, not in the least! And now it’s your turn to speak, and tell them all about it—it’s my last chance to get even with them all.
2. 我们应该分析问题,解决问题。
We should analyze and solve problems.
Omission of summary and category words
1. 他脸上的表情,他说话的音调,他的嘴巴,所有这一切都说明,他是一个诚实的人。
His facial expression, his accent and his mouth showed that he was an honest man.
2. 夫妻二人正在街上手拉手散步。
The couple is walking hand in hand in the street.
Omission for rhetorical purposes
1. 我们应广泛地普及科学文化知识。
We should popularize science and culture.
2. 我们缺乏调查研究客观实际状况的浓厚的气氛。
We are lacking in a climate of investigation and study of reality.
课堂练习
1.学生们天天带午饭到学校去吃。
2.耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子是用来嗅气味,舌头是用来尝滋味。
3.要提倡顾全大局。
4.海外侨胞常说:“我们的新永远向着祖国”。
5.比他技术高明一点的人,他叫人家师傅。
6.这真是俗话说的,“旁观者清”。
7.这件事咱们回头再详谈。
8.他把事情一五一十地都给父母说了。
9.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。
10.新老干部要相互学习,相互帮助,取长补短。
11.昨天我没有进城,一来是因为天气不好,二来是因为我不舒服。
12.他们是多年的邻居,一旦分别,不免依依不舍。
参考答案
1 学生们天天带午饭到学校去吃。
The pupils take their lunches to school every day.
2 耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子是用来嗅气味,舌头是用来尝滋味。
The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for eating.
3 要提倡顾全大局。
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
4 海外侨胞常说:“我们的新永远向着祖国”。
The overseas Chinese usually say “our hearts are always towards our motherland.” (have a strong yearning for, our motherland has a good grip on us overseas Chinese)
5 比他技术高明一点的人,他叫人家师傅。
Those whose technical level was higher than his own he addressed as “Masters.”
6 这真是俗话说的,“旁观者清”。
It is just as the proverbs goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game.” (the spectator is in a better position to judge)
7 这件事咱们回头再详谈。
We shall discuss it in detail when we meet again.
8 他把事情一五一十地都给父母说了。
He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened
9 他一开口总是三句话不离本行。
He can hardly open his mouth without talking shop.
10 新老干部要相互学习,相互帮助,取长补短。
Old and new cadres should learn from and help each other, to make up for each other’s deficiencies.
11 昨天我没有进城,一来是因为天气不好,二来是因为我不舒服。
I didn’t go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weather and the fact that I was not feeling well.
12 他们是多年的邻居,一旦分别,不免依依不舍。
After being good neighbours for years, they can’t bear to part from each other.。