写作教程答案

Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.PART ⅣWRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

写作教程2课后答案（上海外国语教育出版社）写作教程 2 课后题答案提示：页码有部分错误，但答案内容正确。

P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are neededby others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed. You canplay games and surf the net through thephone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents oryour bossIt may ring at the moment when you least wantit toYou may receive calls fromstrangers or advertising companies and have to pay forthem ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young people is thekindest neighbour I have ever known has aprofound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English inspelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragment Differentcountries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in thechemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problemof the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : T opic sentence: people .....to each other. 和convenience. 第一句And无关句：Manynowadays,....moreParagraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't /doc/b810843207.html,st night 和 I heard that .... own children.排序：574169832（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of twohours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1.During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege toBoston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1)In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war wasfought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序： 4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S ： My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : organization of the paragraph represents Primarily, movementtheingeographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5.Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanterns Keepdancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2:The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at thattime ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3:The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.1)During work we were limited to two10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty thatforced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序： 36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance(4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2)English teachers are applying different means to teach theEnglish language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours sinceearly 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which hasno exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3.The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4.排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division ；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “ZeroHour . ”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports. Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2)real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb)entertainment on campusc)entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3)T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序： 7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas gifts T S : Christmas gifts can be divided into threegroups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into usevery soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have eitherused ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6.(1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序： 53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical(5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency(10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could haveaccessto learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available massive numbers of people. by toMillions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages ”.Supporting details ； In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplifycomplex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford Introductory paragraph : (the University is one of the famous first para) the main idea of the institutions of higher learning composition :Its reputation is in northern California. based on its intelligentstudents ,distinguished facultyand growth opportunitiesoffered to students.Supporting detail 1 : Body para 1 (the secondIts highly intelligent student para)topic sentence:The population university ?s standards foradmission remain high .Supporting sentences: studentsenroll from all over the UnitedStates ,and many foreignstudents study there as well.Young men and women areselected to enter the universityfrom the upper fifteen percentof their high school classes. Supporting detail 2 : Body para 2（the third para ）Distinguished teaching staff Topic sentence :Stanford hasattracted to its faculty some ofthe world ?s most respectedscholars.Supporting sentences ； Theuniversity staff has includedseveral Nobel Prize winners inphysics ,medicine andchemistry .Stanford?sundergraduate school ofengineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting campus life detail 3 : its Body parapara )topicCulturally,campus isstudents .3thea(the fourthsentence :universitymagnet forSupporting sentences ；Plays ,concerts ,and operas areperformed in the university?sseveral auditoriums and inoutdoor Frost Amphitheater.Guest lectures from public andacademic life frequently appearon campus,. In the evening,many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union,s coffee house .For the sports–minded ,the Stanford campusoffers highly developedConcluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. athletic facilities. Team sports ,swimming ,and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problems The future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand(5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序： 8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序：32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room(4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side o f (7)nap(8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzling。

Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist t he temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mo uth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child gr ows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。

写作教程习题答案写作教程习题答案写作是一门艺术，也是一种表达思想的方式。

无论是学生还是职场人士，都需要不断提升自己的写作能力。

因此，写作教程习题是一种常见的训练方法。

在本文中，我将为大家提供一些写作教程习题的答案，希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和掌握写作技巧。

一、散文写作1. 请写一篇关于自己童年时光的散文。

答案：童年时光是一段美好而珍贵的记忆。

我记得小时候，每天放学后，我总是会和小伙伴们一起在田野里捉迷藏。

我们奔跑在绿油油的麦田中，追逐着快乐。

那时的天空总是湛蓝湛蓝的，阳光透过稻谷的缝隙洒在地面上，仿佛给大地披上了一层金色的光晕。

我记得，每次找到躲藏的小伙伴，我们都会开心地笑出声，那种快乐的感觉至今仍然历历在目。

2. 描述一次难忘的旅行经历。

答案：那是我第一次独自去旅行的经历。

我选择了一个小镇作为目的地，这个小镇被誉为“童话之城”。

当我踏上这片土地时，我仿佛置身于一个童话世界。

小镇的街道两旁是古老而精致的建筑，每一栋房子都散发着浓厚的欧洲风情。

我漫步在街道上，感受着这个小镇的独特魅力。

在小镇的中心广场，有一个古老的钟楼，每到整点，钟声会在整个小镇上空回荡，仿佛在诉说着历史的故事。

我在这里度过了一个难忘而美好的假期。

二、议论文写作1. 请写一篇关于是否应该禁止学生使用手机的议论文。

答案：关于是否应该禁止学生使用手机，我持有肯定的态度。

首先，手机对学生的学习和注意力分散有很大的影响。

学生在上课时玩手机，会导致学习效果大打折扣。

其次，手机使用过多还会对学生的身体健康产生负面影响。

长时间低头看手机会导致颈椎病等健康问题。

最后，手机还存在着安全隐患，学生可能会沉迷于网络世界，无法控制自己的上网时间。

因此，我认为学校应该禁止学生在校园内使用手机，以保证学生的学习效果和身体健康。

2. 请写一篇关于如何保护环境的议论文。

答案：保护环境是我们每个人的责任。

首先，我们应该减少使用一次性塑料制品，如塑料袋、塑料瓶等。

这些塑料制品对环境造成了严重的污染，对海洋生物也构成了威胁。

写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth, value,preciousness, etcSilence is gold.moon the natural body that moves around the earthonce every 28 days tranquility, purity,something out ofreach, etc.There’s no pointhoping for peace inthe country. It’s likeasking for the moon.ice water frozen so that it has become solid coldness,indifference, cruelty,death, etc.The ice in his voicewas only to hide thepain.blood red liquid flowing through the bodies ofhumans and animals family background,descent, race,temperament, etc.Blood is thicker thanwater.bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty anddelicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormal resolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of theroom?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctionsdo not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, asmuch as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take asingular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaignpledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on thenumber of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular. Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up themeeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought ofas a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generallytake a singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereabouts.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication toa single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show. PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditoriumfor the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

现代写作教程第三版习题及答案第一章：写作的基础知识1.1 什么是写作？写作是一种通过文字表达思想、感情和观点的艺术形式。

1.2 写作的重要性写作是一种重要的沟通工具，可以帮助人们表达自己的想法，并与他人分享知识和体验。

1.3 写作的基本要素写作的基本要素包括：内容、结构、语言和风格。

1.4 写作的分类写作可以分为多种不同的分类，例如记叙文、说明文、议论文等。

第二章：写作的技巧与方法2.1 提前进行写作计划在开始写作之前，进行充分的准备工作和计划，包括确定写作目标、搜集相关资料和构思内容。

2.2 确定受众和目的在写作过程中，需要明确文档的受众和目的，以便选择合适的写作风格和语言。

2.3 注重文档的结构和组织一个好的文档需要有清晰的段落结构和逻辑组织，以便读者能够理解和跟随文档的内容。

2.4 提炼核心观点和信息在写作过程中，要提炼出文档的核心观点和信息，并用简洁明了的语言进行表达。

第三章：写作技巧的训练和提升3.1 提高写作的表达能力提高写作的表达能力可以通过多读书、多写作和多参加写作培训等方式进行锻炼。

3.2 培养良好的写作习惯培养良好的写作习惯可以帮助提高写作效率和质量，例如定期写作、进行审阅和修改等。

3.3 学习借鉴他人的写作技巧学习借鉴他人的写作技巧可以拓展自己的写作思路和表达方式，例如模仿优秀作家的写作风格和结构。

3.4 不断接触新鲜事物和学习新知识接触新鲜事物和学习新知识可以为写作提供更多的素材和观点支持。

第四章：写作的具体应用4.1 记叙文写作记叙文是一种通过故事情节和人物描写来叙述事实或展示情感的写作形式。

4.2 说明文写作说明文是一种通过解释和论证来介绍和解释某个概念、事件或现象的写作形式。

4.3 议论文写作议论文是一种通过提出观点和论证来表达作者对某个问题或话题的看法和立场的写作形式。

4.4 图文并茂的写作图文并茂的写作是一种通过插入图片、图表和图形来增强文档的可读性和吸引力。

第五章：写作技巧的实践与总结5.1 练习写作技巧通过大量的写作实践和练习，可以不断提高自己的写作技巧和水平。

写作教程试题及答案
一、选择题
1. 写作中，以下哪种方式最有助于提高文章的可读性？
A. 使用复杂的句子结构
B. 使用简单的词汇
C. 使用大量的专业术语
D. 使用多种修辞手法
答案：B
2. 在写作过程中，以下哪个步骤是至关重要的？
A. 草稿
B. 编辑
C. 校对
D. 所有选项
答案：D
二、填空题
1. 在写作中，______（主题）的明确性是文章成功的关键。

答案：主题
2. 一篇好的文章应该具有清晰的______（结构）和流畅的______（语言）。

答案：结构；语言
三、简答题
1. 请简述写作过程中的三个主要步骤。

答案：写作过程中的三个主要步骤包括：构思、草稿和修改。

2. 描述如何有效地进行文章的编辑。

答案：有效地进行文章编辑的方法包括：检查语法错误、确保逻辑连
贯性、删除不必要的信息、调整句子结构以提高可读性。

四、论述题
1. 论述在学术写作中，引用他人观点的重要性。

答案：在学术写作中，引用他人观点的重要性在于：展示对现有研究
的了解、支持自己的观点、避免剽窃的指控、丰富文章内容和深度。

2. 分析为什么在写作时需要对文章进行多次修改。

答案：在写作时需要对文章进行多次修改的原因包括：提高文章质量、消除错误、确保信息的准确性和清晰性、增强文章的说服力和吸引力。

新视野大学英语(第三版)写作教程2全册答案本文档提供了《新视野大学英语(第三版)写作教程2》全册的答案。

请注意，这些答案是基于本人的理解和分析，并且仅供参考。

建议在使用时仍以教材为主，灵活运用答案中的思路和方法。

单元一：写作技巧1.1 写作的基本原则- 问：写作的基本原则有哪些？- 答：写作的基本原则包括：- 有明确的主题和中心思想；- 具有逻辑性和连贯性；- 使用准确、简洁和恰当的语言；- 注意段落结构和标点符号的运用。

1.2 写作的步骤和注意事项- 问：写作的步骤和注意事项有哪些？- 答：写作的步骤和注意事项包括：- 确定写作目的和读者对象；- 收集和整理相关素材；- 制定写作计划和提纲；- 进行初步写作和修改；- 注重语法和拼写的准确性；- 最后进行整体修改和润色。

单元二：描写2.1 描写的技巧和方法- 问：描写的技巧和方法有哪些？- 答：描写的技巧和方法包括：- 使用具体而生动的词语和形象；- 运用多种感官来描写；- 使用比喻、拟人和排比等修辞手法；- 注意时态和语态的运用。

2.2 描写的范文和练- 问：有没有描写的范文和练？- 答：下面是一篇描写性文章范文，供参考：> 五彩斑斓的花海迎面扑来，像是一幅绚丽的油画。

鲜艳的红、黄、蓝、紫交织在一起，花朵如同绽放的烟火，散发着芬芳的香气。

微风吹过，花瓣轻轻地摇摆，仿佛在向游客们点头致意。

阳光透过树叶的缝隙洒在花海上，给它披上了一层金色的光晕，犹如仙境一般。

单元三：议论文3.1 议论文的特点- 问：议论文的特点是什么？- 答：议论文的特点包括：- 中心明确，立场鲜明；- 逻辑严密，论据充分；- 引用可靠的数据和事实支持观点；- 考虑反方观点并进行辩驳。

3.2 议论文的写作方法- 问：写议论文有什么方法和技巧？- 答：写议论文时可以采用以下方法和技巧：- 选择具有争议性的话题；- 分清主题句和论据；- 使用恰当的过渡词语和连词；- 提供充分的例子和证据；- 使用恰当的复杂句式和修辞手法。

基础写作教程第三版小测试答案一、单项选择题1、下列选项中不属于表达方式的是（）A、叙述B、描写C、说明D、修辞2、下列选项中不属于写作活动的特点的是（）A、人文性B、计划性C、综合性D、实践性3、文章体式的特点不包括（）A、规范性B、流变性C、综合性D、实践性4、影响写作活动的重要主体因素不包括（）A、年龄与阅历B、情感与情绪C、责任与道义D、素质与人格5、写作活动中的“三环活动”不包括（）A、前写作B、写作C、后写作D、反思二、多项选择题1、散文的类型包括（）A、叙事散文 B言情散文 C、明理散文 D、描写散文2、散文的特征包括（）A、自我的定真性B、取材的真实性C、对象的广泛性D、表达的自由性3、评论文可分为（）A社会评论 B文艺评论C学术评论 D思想评论4、表达方式包括（）A叙述 B描写 C说明 D议论5写作活动的特点有（）A人文性 B综合性 C个体性 D创造性三、填空题1.受体的心理特征包括：求知受益心理、、、。

2.文章修辞大致分为、。

3.观察的类别有：实用观察、、、。

_4.调查研究的基本思路是、、。

5.学术短评的特点是、、。

6.立意是指 _ __ 。

四、名词解释题1.科普文2.修辞3.语体1．科普文写作的主要特点是什么？（9分）2．阅读与写作的辩证关系是什么？（10分）3．网络时代写作主体的基本特征有哪些？（10分）答案基础写作教程答案卡：一：单项选择1.D2.B3.D4.A5.D二：多项选择1.ABC2.ACD3.ABCD4.ABCD5.ABCD三：填空1、猎奇探密心理平等对话心理介入互动心理2、消极修辞积极修辞3、科学观察艺术观察日常生活中的准科学亚艺术观察4、有的放矢善干质疑勤做笔记5、专业性针对性灵活性6、确立主题、形成自己的价值判断四：名词解释1.科普文：是指用通俗的语言、面向社会大众传播推广自然科学和人文社会科学一般知识的说明性文字的统称。

2. 修辞：是依据文章的题旨情景、运用各种语文材料和各种表现手法、恰当地表现文章内容的一种活动。

法语写作教程参考答案法语写作教程参考答案法语是一门美丽的语言，掌握法语写作技巧对于学习者来说非常重要。

在学习法语写作的过程中，参考答案可以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握写作技巧。

本文将为大家提供一些法语写作教程参考答案，希望对学习者有所帮助。

一、写作基础1. 写作结构在法语写作中，一个清晰的结构是非常重要的。

一篇文章应该包含引言、主体和结论三个部分。

引言用于引入主题，主体部分展开论述，结论总结观点。

2. 词汇选择在写作中，选择恰当的词汇是提高文章质量的关键。

学生可以使用一些高级词汇和短语来丰富自己的写作。

同时，要注意使用适当的连接词和过渡词，使文章的逻辑关系更加流畅。

3. 语法运用正确的语法是写作的基础。

学生需要掌握法语的基本语法规则，并在写作中正确运用。

特别要注意动词的时态和语态的正确使用，以及名词、形容词和副词的性、数和形式的一致。

二、写作技巧1. 提出观点在写作中，学生应该清楚地表达自己的观点。

可以使用一些表达观点的短语，如"我认为"、"我相信"等。

同时，要用恰当的论据来支持自己的观点，加强说服力。

2. 描述事物在写作中，学生需要描述人物、物品或事件。

可以使用形容词和副词来描绘事物的特点和状态。

同时，要注意使用比较级和最高级来进行比较和强调。

3. 表达原因和结果在写作中，学生需要表达原因和结果。

可以使用一些表达原因的短语，如"因为"、"由于"等，以及表达结果的短语，如"所以"、"因此"等。

同时，要注意使用适当的连词和过渡词，使句子之间的逻辑关系更加清晰。

三、参考答案示例1. 作文题目：我喜欢的季节我最喜欢的季节是夏天。

首先，夏天的天气非常热，可以穿上漂亮的衣服去海滩游泳。

其次，夏天有很多水果，比如西瓜、草莓和葡萄，非常美味可口。

最后，夏天是度假的好时机，我可以和家人或朋友一起去旅行，探索新的地方。

应用文写作教程课后答案《新型现代应用文写作教程》参考答案第一章应用文书写作概述一、判断题1.对.错.对.对5.对6.对.错.对. 错10.错二、单项选择题1.C .B .C .A .A .B .C .D .A 10.D三、多项选择题1.ABCD2.ABCD3.ACD4.ACD5.BCD6.BCD7.ABD8.ABCD9.ABC10.ACD四、修改病句1.由于狠抓质量管理，某厂产品合格率从65%。

2.3.4.5.6.7.和活力。

8.9.10.义。

为保证“新刑法”的贯彻执行，特作如下通告： 2.2013年将要过去，一年来，我公司经过全体员工的共同努力，克服各种困难，顺利完成了全年的生产销售任务，经济效益大增，职工收入不断提高。

在新的一年到来之际，我们对本年度的工作总结如下：??3.经过三个月的学习，新闻专业函授学习班已胜利结束。

三个月中，来自全国高校的专业老师和新闻一线的专家记者，轮番给我们上课，使我们获益匪浅。

现将三个月的学习情况总结如下：六、下面是一则短信的摘录，谈谈读完之后的启示《新型现代应用文写作教程》参考答案启示：在日常生活中也不能乱用缩略语，否则会引起不必要的歧义与误会。

七、阅读下面的短文，归纳其主旨。

主旨：宝祥金店以诚信周到的服务赢得了消费者的信赖。

八、指出以下几段话属何种语体，并体会其不同的特点。

1.文艺语体，生动形象。

2.政论语体，逻辑严密。

3.科学语体，精确严谨。

4.事务语体，务实简要。

当？1.材料用得恰当。

事实材料与结论相吻合，说服力强。

2.十、讨论题《新型现代应用文写作教程》参考答案第二章党政机关公文写作一、单选题1．D ．B ．A ．D ．C ．B ．C ．A ．A10.B二、多选题1．ABC2．AB3．AB4．ACD5．ACD6．ABC7．ABC8．ABC9．AB10．ABCD三、判断题1．对2．对3．错4．对5．对．错7对10．对四、填空题1．头、主体2．文机关代字、年份、序号3．绝密、机密、秘密 4．特急”、“急件”下一行5．文机关名称、事由、文种6789．函和复函10五、改错题内容含糊这是由于原文混淆了报告和请示的界限而造成的。

第二版写作教程思考练习参考答案新编现代实用文写作教程参考答案第一章参考答案一、判断题1.对2.错3.对4.对5.对6.对7.错8.对9.对 10.错二、单项选择题1.C2.B3.C4.A5.A6.B7.C8.D9.A 10.D三、多项选择题1.ABCD2.ABCD3.ACD4.ACD5.BCD6.BCD7.ABD8.ABCD9.ABC10.ACD四、简答题(答案略)五、修改病句1.由于狠抓质量管理，某厂产品合格率从40%提高到65%。

2.工人们克服了天气干燥、风沙较大、饮水短缺等困难。

3.公司个别管理人员违反财经纪律，挪用基建资金购买高档生活用品。

4.我们现在必须以开拓的精神，为完成技术改造的任务而努力奋斗。

5.从大量的报道材料中，反映出我校今年招生工作的形势大好。

6.财会人员办事时应十分仔细认真，尽量不出现差错。

7.在三和公司考察期间，同学们感受到实施改革开放的好政策给企业带来的生机和活力。

8.模糊语言的作用在于给执行者留有余地，赋予计划一定的弹性。

9.我们学院的业余党校开办以来，已有两年多时间了。

10.在这次全校的田径比赛中，我机电学院代表队以优异成绩获得团体第四名。

六、根据应用文语言的要求，请你评改下面三则应用文的开头部分。

1.当前，我市总体的社会秩序良好，但仍有抢劫、违章驾车等刑事治安案件发生。

“新刑法”的修订，对于惩罚犯罪，保护人民;对于保障国家统一和安全，维护社会秩序和经济秩序，保障我国社会主义建设顺利进行具有十分重要的意义。

为保证“新刑法”的贯彻执行，特作如下通告:2.2009年将要过去，一年来，我公司经过全体员工的共同努力，克服各种困难，顺利完成了全年的生产销售任务，经济效益大增，职工收入不断提高。

在新的一年到来之际，我们对本年度的工作总结如下:……3.经过三个月的学习，新闻专业函授学习班已胜利结束。

三个月中，来自全国高校的专业老师和新闻一线的专家记者，轮番给我们上课，使我们获益匪浅。

Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Ga rfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinn ing and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the chi ld grows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。

写作教程第一册部分答案(Units1~3)Unit 1Part IV Writing Notes (1)Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communicationand they are quick, easy and convenient.2.A note has three essential components:①the addressee--the person(s)to whom the note is written; ②the message; ③the sender3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, anddedication to a single topic.Part V Follow-up Exercises1.1)mouse-hearted→chicken-heart 2)politician→statesman 3)wind→breeze 4)utilize→drink 5)ascertaining→finding 6)was bombarded with→received a lot of 7）opened→drew back 8）contain→accommodate 9）habits→customs3.1) experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true4. 1) The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.2) We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.3) Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.4) We must pursue this matter further.5) The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.6) All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.7) The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.8) The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.9) (correct)10) He was awaked to the risk.Unit 2Colloquial and slangSuggested answers to the questionsThe grotesqueness of this sentence lies in the incongruity of style. The word bomb is a slang expression that is too casual to go with the subject, and the sentence can be revised into: The violin virtuoso’s performance on the cello was a big failure.The revised short paragraph: The author has made a lifetime’s study of film history, and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense of judgment. She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror films. These films, according to her, do much more than just frighten us; they enable us to forget our worries.Style and audienceSuggested answers to the questionsThe expected reader of Excerpt 1 is a pal of the person who leaves the note, so the language is colloquial.The reader of Excerpt 2 does not have an intimate relationship with the writer of the note. They might be business associates, for example. The language stands somewhere between formal and informal but more on the formal side.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy,notify us in writing as soon as possible. Y ou can give tis notice to any of our authorized agents.2.(omitted)3.The first excerpt is colloquial and the two persons may be friends orcolleagues.The second excerpt is rather formal and the two persons may be colleagues.The third is the most formal. Actually it is taken from a report and the writer may be the head of the department.Point of viewRevised version 1When people read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects them. Of course, they feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from them and because they don’t affect their own life, they are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed their own close friends, they would be more emotionally upset.Revised version 2When we read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects us. Of course, we feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from us and because they don’t affect our own life, we are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed our close friends, we would be more emotionally upset.Notice while the first version is comfortable and respectable, the second one involves the audience more effectively and directly because of the use of the pronoun we. The pronoun you can also achieve the same effect in this paragraph.Part IV WritingSample 1 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept.8Dear Aunt Jenny,Thank you so much for the lovely robot dog you give me. It is just what I’ve dreamed of for ages. Y ou really know me. Thanks again for the wonderful gift.Y ours,RoseSample 2 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept. 12Lucy,I got a ticket for you to the Arts Festival on Sept. 18 at Yifu Auditorium, as we have discussed before. I’ll arrange for a car to bring you here at 4:00 p.m. Give me a ring and tell me if you are coming or not. Thanks.JennyPart V Follow-up Exercises1.1）In this excerpt, Liza’s style is all but appropriate for the occasion.At the beginning, she chooses a formal and affected style but later slides to colloquial and finally slang expressions. The other characters at the scene use general and colloquial vocabulary that is appropriate for the context.2) No. Here the obvious switch from a formal to a highly colloquialstyle shows Liza in a transitional stage. She does not see that her learned comment on the weather is inappropriate. And when the subject changes into influenza, she forgets she is supposed to be a lady and reverts to(回归) her natural speech, which incidentally is much more expressive and colorful than her phony formality（假装正式）.2. 1) play a minor role/be a uility man 2)That’s Greek to me. 3)belated action/advice 4)Where there is smoke there’s fire. 5)an evil creature 6)walk into the trap 7)on e’s face glowing with health3. 1) We must practice economy./ We must reduce unnecessary expenditure.2) It is essential to control environmental pollution.3) We must arrive at the station on time.4) Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.5) We must speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.6) To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet twoconditions: the profits must be legal, and they must not be excessive.7) During the period of the Tenth Five-Y ear Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead, we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version: Women’s RightsIn feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair. Husban and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t do it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that, they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather thantheir appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5.1)me2) who 3)I 4)me/myself 5)me 6)each other’s 7)who 8)us9)whom 10)some 11)one’s 12)his 13)his 14)his, his6. 1) We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of ive, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.”We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher. If we seem different from the other students, we are treated differently, and these differences could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion, and so forth. Right from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.Unit 3Part IIConciseness Classroom activities2. 1) Xianming High School has a faculty that do their jobs well.2) One of the requirements is a term paper of three thousand words on asubject of your choice.3) College is difficult to adjust to because you are left on your own tosolve many problems.4) A career in the Army has both advantages and disadvantages. So doesthe return to the civilian life from the military.5) Teenage pregnancy has created a lot of controversy.Preciseness Classroom activities1. 1) Kate said she had an boring time at the homecoming party.2) I think Mr Brown is an unconvincing speaker.3) The husband gave the wife a diamond necklace for her bithday.4) There are certain traits I look for in judging a person’s character.Effectiveness Classroom activities1.1) Jo’s mouth: decidedher nose: comicalher eyes: sharp, gray, fierce, funny, thoughtfulher hair: long, thickher shoulder: roundher hands and feet: big2) Awkward colt is repetitious as the word colt carries the sense of awkwardness already. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a modifierher.Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little WomenLouisa May Alcott(1832-1888)路易莎·梅·奥尔科特是一位美国女作家。

英语写作教程第三版答案丁往道1、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] *A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have2、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an3、72．I really don’t know how to thank you , but for your help, I （）my lost necklace．[单选题] *A.couldn’t have found(正确答案)B.mustn’t have foundC.couldn’t findD.wouldn’t find4、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly5、The paper gives a detailed（）of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort6、Sorry, I can't accept your invitation. [单选题] *A. 礼物B. 观点C. 邀请(正确答案)D. 好意7、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought8、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you9、The strawberries ______ fresh. Can I taste (品尝) one?（）[单选题] *A. watchB. tasteC. soundD. look(正确答案)10、You could hardly imagine _______ amazing the Great Wall was. [单选题] *A. how(正确答案)B. whatC. whyD. where11、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must12、--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A. workersB. nursesC. waitersD. teachers(正确答案)13、72．—? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??—Yes, please. I want a sweater. [单选题] *A．How muchB．Can I help you(正确答案)C．Excuse meD．What will you take14、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *A. is used toB. used toC. is used for(正确答案)D. used for15、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念16、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] *A. hundreds of villagersB. hundred villagers(正确答案)C. hundreds villagersD. hundred of villagers17、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read18、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about19、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of20、He always ______ the teacher carefully in class. [单选题] *A. listensB. listens to(正确答案)C. hearsD. hears of21、—How do you find（）birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure．[单选题] *A．a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C．a; /D．the; /22、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves23、It usually takes him about 15 minutes _______ his bike to school. [单选题] *A. ridesB. ridingC. rideD. to ride(正确答案)24、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully25、His remarks _____me that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.assumed26、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的27、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice28、81．Some birds are flying ________ the lake. What a beautiful picture! [单选题] * A．forB．underC．inD．above(正确答案)29、While they were in discussion, their manager came in by chance. [单选题] *A. 抓住时机B. 不时地C. 碰巧(正确答案)D. 及时30、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with。

大学写作教程考试题及答案大全一、选择题1. 下列哪项不是写作过程中应该考虑的因素？A. 主题明确B. 结构合理C. 语言华丽D. 逻辑清晰答案：C2. 在学术论文写作中，以下哪个引用格式最为常用？A. MLAB. APAC. ChicagoD. Harvard答案：B3. 以下哪个不是写作中常见的修辞手法？A. 比喻B. 夸张C. 排比D. 列表答案：D二、填空题4. 写作的三个基本要素包括________、________和________。

答案：主题、结构、语言5. 在写作中，为了使文章更加生动，我们常常使用________和________来丰富表达。

答案：比喻、夸张三、简答题6. 简述写作中“五段论”的基本结构。

答案：五段论的基本结构包括引言段、三个主体段落和结论段。

引言段提出主题和论点；主体段落分别阐述三个分论点，每个分论点后跟相应的论据和分析；结论段总结全文，重申主题和主要观点。

7. 描述如何避免在写作中出现抄袭。

答案：避免抄袭的步骤包括：正确引用他人的观点和数据；使用引号标注直接引用的内容；对所有引用的资料进行准确的脚注或参考文献列表；使用自己的话重新表述他人的观点；确保理解并能够用自己的语言表达所引用的内容。

四、论述题8. 论述为什么在学术写作中，清晰和准确的表达比华丽的语言更为重要。

答案：在学术写作中，清晰和准确的表达是至关重要的，因为它们直接影响到读者对文章内容的理解和接受程度。

学术写作的目的是传达知识、分享研究成果，因此需要确保论点明确、论据充分、逻辑严密。

华丽的语言可能会分散读者的注意力，甚至造成误解。

此外，学术写作强调客观性和事实性，简洁准确的语言更能体现这一点。

五、写作题9. 根据以下提示写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

提示：网络时代的信息爆炸对传统阅读习惯的影响。

答案：略（考生需自行撰写）六、案例分析题10. 阅读以下案例，并分析作者在写作中可能存在的问题及改进方法。

实用英语写作教程答案【篇一：实用英语写作模板】class=txt>1．感谢信(thanks-letter)2．致歉信( letter of apology)3．通知/布告/海报(notice; poster; announcement)4．邀请函（invitation）5．请假条（asking for leave）6．失物招领（lost and found）7．留言条（leaving a message / memo）8．个人简历(resume)9．名片(name card)10. 贺卡/明信片(post card)11. 祝贺信(letter of congratulations )12. 求职信（application letter）强烈推荐：1．《实用英语写作》（胡文仲，2002，外语教学与研究出版社） 2．《英语应用文写作》（编写组，2003，社会科学文献出版社） 3．《新编实用英语综合教程》每个单元均有一个写作模块（国家级规划教材，2002，高等教育出版社）4．《应用能力考试全真模拟试题b级》（命题研究组，2003，学林出版社）5. 《应用文实例汇编》（秦世福主编，2000，复旦大学出版社）范文示例：1.感谢信(thanks-letter)key points:1. expressions of your thanks2. reasons and details3. expressions of your thanks again.2.致歉信(a letter of apology)1. expressions of thanks/pitty2. reasons/what happened3. further actions/4. expressions of pity/apologies again3.通知/布告/海报(notice; poster; announcement)title: notice1. what2. time3. place4. people involved5. requirements6. -------will be held in ----- at 3:00 in the afternoon, on friday, dec.15, 2005.7. it includes ---------8. all are expected to ---------------9. all are warmly welcome.10. there is a basketball match at---------11. it is organized by ------------【篇二：21实际大学实用英语综合教程第三册课后作文】are going to hold a graduation party at your house on sunday, june 27. the party willstart after your graduation ceremony, at about 4:00 p.m. write an invitation letter to yourfriends.dear wu ji,you are invited to attend a graduation party at my house on sunday, june 27. the party willstart immediately after our graduation ceremony, at about 4:00. your parents and friends arewelcome, too.i do hope you can come.sincerely,wang jununit21. how to start your letter:? thanks for the invitation, and i am delighted to take part in the discussionon web security.? i gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming health careseminar.? i appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on december 15.2. how to end your letter:? thank you again for the invitation. see you on the 15th!? thanks again for the invitation, and i look forward to meeting you at theauto exhibition.tips:1. thank the recipient for inviting you.2. say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.3. confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.4. ask for more information if you need to.5. express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.kind invitationwill be pleased to attendbe held at the holiday innthey are unable to attend due to a previous engagementan informal letter of acceptancejune 24, 2004dear wang jun,after graduation is a great time to have a party. being at your house is always lots of fun.my boyfriend, tom, will be coming, too.thanks for the invitation.best,wu jian informal letter of refusaljune 24, 2004dear wang jun,i wish i could attend your graduation party. i know it will be lots of fun. unfortunately, myparents have already invited some of our relatives over for a celebration. i wonder if you couldcome by on monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. let me know if you can.best,wu jiＵｎｉｔ３how to write a request for a leave of absencean employee or a student who is going to be absent fromhis/her duties because of plannedhospitalization or other personal affairs must make his/her request for leave in advance. therequest should be made in writing by letter or on an appropriate form, as required. the writtenrequest for leave should explain the reason for the request, and be forwarded to his/her supervisorimmediately.things to include in a request for a leave of absencethe date that you are actually writing the letter/note, the name and title of the recipient ofthe note, the name of the student/employee, etc.:to: robert stone, managerfrom: rainy zeng, sales departmentdate: july 2nd, 2004subject: casual leave of absenceask for leave at the beginning of the letter/note, stating clearly the time for leave:mr. stone, i would like to ask for a casual leave of absence for one day on july 4th, thiswednesday.explain the reason for the request and apologize for any inconvenience your absence mightcause:this morning i received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to go forimmediate treatment of my teeth. i have been experiencing a severe pain, depriving me of mysleep during the past nights. the situation could worsen, should infection occur.concerning my workload: as wednesday is not as busy as the other weekdays, i think aone day leave this wednesday may be the best solution. i apologize for the inconvenience myabsence from work may cause.express your wish for approval at the end of the letter/note:i’m looking forward to your kind answer.jjune 5, 2004dear mr. smith,i’m sorry to tell you that i’m not feeling well today and had best not come to work. the doctor has told me that i have caught a bad cold and has advised me to stay in bed for a fewdays. now i’m writing to ask for several sick leave days. i’ll come back to work as soon as i feel better.i appreciate your understanding.yourstruly,wang yingＵｎｉｔ４how to take a telephone messagewhen a telephone is answered on behalf of another person, a clear and concise message should be written. most organizations have a message pad specifically designed for that purpose.often it is possi ble to simply write down the caller’s name; the person for whom the message is intended; and fill in the caller’s telephone number. sometimes it is important to write down a specific direction or message. this falls into the category of a short message and must express clearly and briefly what the caller wishes to communicate.if the caller wants the person to take some action based on his/her message, it may be good to number the points to help clarify the instructions.for example, if the message is something like:would you tell him that i can’t meet him until 1:30? if that’s okay, tell him not to ring me back but just to be there. also we can’t have lunch at gerald’s. they’re full. it will have to be at george’s around the corner. actually he’d better ring me back or else i won’t know whether to wait or not. thanks. bye.or if the message is like this:ask mr. smith to ring me back please. the name is potter. i’m at 3212-3212. i will be out at lunchtime, but it is important that i speak to him as soon as possible. i have left this message on his mobile phone as well, so you may not need to give him the message at all. see what you can do… but it is quite urgent. i should be back by 2:00 at the latest. he could try my mobile phone but it will be tur ned off while i’m actually eating lunch. my assistant will be there and he hates to be disturbed by the sound of the phone while we are trying to get some work done and eat lunch. thanks very much.for：petertaken by：geralddute: 7/3/2004time: 4:40 p.m.message:jim rang about the training course you are interested in. it’s called “managing people” and the next one is on july 13th. if you’re interested, call joanna little at 032-4388-7762.【篇三：大学英语(2)】> 川编写蔡懿胡娇游颖适用专业：护理专业适用层次：专科大学网络教育二oo 五年六月学院四《大学英语（2）》学习指导资料编写：蔡懿胡娇游颖本课程学习指导资料根据该课程教学大纲的要求，参照现行采用教材《新编实用英语》（教育部《新编实用英语》编写组编写，高等教育出版社，2004年8月）以及课程学习光盘，并结合远程网络业余教育的教学特点和教学规律进行编写，适用于护理专业专科学生。

写作教程3u n i t1答案本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.MarchPart A GRAMMARSubject- Verb AgreementSubject-verb agreement is a very complicated issue and it is not our intention to cover all the ground in this unit. What we attempt to do here is to bring students' attention to some points particularly tricky and let them learn by practice. The method we use in the grammar section of this book is the discovery approach -- to let students find out their own answers. We hope this can raise students' interest in learning grammar and sharpen their inductive skills.The question of subject-verb agreement is very complicated. Generally speaking, there are three basic principles: grammatical agreement, notional agreement, and the principle of proximity. In his unit, we are going to approach this issue in four contexts:When the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary:1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not …but,theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions donot affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as well as, as much as, rather than, along with in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.When the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesAll the sentences are correct.Summary:1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singularor plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases lik e lots of, heaps of , loads of take singular or plural verbs depending onthe form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject nouns, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activities1). He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges. He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges2). What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.3). There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary:1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular,. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the numberof the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activities1). Nobody in town admits seeing him.2). Does anyone want to go with me3). Are any of you going to the exhibition4). None works/work so hard as he does.5). Books are her chief source of enjoyment.6). The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting7). The jury is finally complete.8). The jury were divided in their Opinions.9). New York Times is his bible.10). Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary:1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as aunit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news, statistics,and whereabouts.Part B Keys to the FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1. 1). The little boy was chicken-hearted.2). That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.3). We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake4). We need to drink the milk before it sours.5). The child had difficulty finding his way to school.6) The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.7). My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.8). Our university can accommodate 4,000 students.9). Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences3. (1)experienced (2) elapsed(3)attempting (4) with(5)take up (6) made(7)endeavor (8) true4. 1). The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.2). We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested3). Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.4). We must pursue this matter further.5). The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.6). Al1 the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.7). The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches8). The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.9). (correct)10). He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments andwere more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland.Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. 1). Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.2). The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.3). Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.4). Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.5). Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.6). The instructor as well as the students was at fault.7). He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.8). The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial9). Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display10). The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.11). He believes that athletics improves school morale.12). Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.13). Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.14). The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.15). She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.7. As a way to wind up the unit, ask students to write a note for each of the situations. This can be done as homework.Part C Complementary of Notes(12) Notes of SuggestionBelow is an example of a note of suggestionDateDear ____,You have asked me for my advice with regard to _________, and I will try to make some constructive suggestions. I think it would be better if ______. … I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.Your sincerely ,NamePart D Assignment for this weekAssignment: The question 7 of Page 27 in your text book.Please finish both of questions and hand in next time.。