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⾼级英语1-9单元修辞⼿法总结Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as”or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是⼀种修辞，通常⽤指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从⽽暗⽰⼆者之间的相似之处。
高中英语知识点归纳修辞手法和修辞方法在高中英语学习中，学生需要了解和掌握各种修辞手法和修辞方法，这对于培养语言运用的能力非常重要。
修辞手法可以帮助我们更好地表达思想和情感，提升文章的艺术效果。
本文将归纳总结高中英语中常见的修辞手法和修辞方法，帮助同学们更好地理解和使用。
一、修辞手法1. 比喻：通过运用形象生动的语言，将两个不同的事物进行类比，以便更清晰地传达作者的观点和意图。
比如：“他是大海中的一匹游弋的鲸鱼。
”2. 拟人：将无生命的事物或抽象的概念赋予人的特质，以增加表达的生动性和感染力。
比如：“阳光在窗前笑着对我说话。
”3. 夸张：夸大事物的某一特征或情况，以便更好地引起读者的注意和共鸣。
比如：“我等了一辈子，终于盼来了你的到来。
”4. 对比：通过对比两个相对事物的差异和共同点，以便更好地强调某一事物的特点或调动读者的情感。
比如：“他和弟弟相貌相似，性格却截然不同。
”5. 排比：通过重复使用相同或相似的句式、短语或词语，以便更好地强调某一观点或情感，增强语言的表达力。
比如：“爱是红色的，爱是温暖的，爱是无私的。
”6. 反问：用问句的形式表达出来的陈述句，以便更好地引起读者思考和共鸣。
比如：“难道我们不应该保护大自然吗？”7. 设问:提出一个问题即为设问，让读者去思考和回答这个问题。
常用于议论文中的引言部分。
比如：“现代社会中，网络给人们的生活带来了哪些变化？”8. 比较:通过对同类事物的相似与区别进行比较，突出事物的特点。
比如：“这幅画的色彩明亮如火，而那幅画的色彩柔和如水。
”9. 讽刺：运用讽刺的方法，以批评、嘲笑或引起反思等目的。
常用于政治讽刺或社会现象的揭露中。
比如：“这个国家的官员真是越来越能干了，把自己的腰包包里的钱都能数得清清楚楚。
”10. 括弧：在修辞中，用括号将表达的事实、情况、心理状态等加以括起来，增强修辞的效果。
比如：（睁大眼睛）看！那个小猫咪在阳光下打盹。
11. 借代：用一个代词或名词来代替已经被提到过的名词，便于读者理解。
Unit 1 Where Do I Go from Here?1.Antithesis:1)···so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial oflove.2)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs.free)3)Let us be dissatisfied until···will be judged on the basis of content of their characterand not on the basis of the color of their skin.4)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into thefatigue of despair.5)Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterday of segregated schools will be transformedinto bright tomorrow.2.Parallel structure:1)The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip himof his personhood is as old as the earlier history books and as contemporary as themorning’s newspaper. (Para.5)2)Let us realize that William Cullen Bryant is right: “Truth crushed to```” Let us goout to realizing that···3.Metaphor：1)The negro will only be free when he reaches···and signs with the pen and ink ofassertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation2)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.3)Personal conflicts among husbands，wives and children will diminish when theunjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.4)Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps pf history, and everyfamily is living in a decent sanitary home.5)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks thedoor to the meaning of ultimate reality.6)There will be still rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.7) A high blood pressure of creeds8)The battering rams4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is powercorrecting everything that stands against love.------Parallel structure and Antithesis5.It is something like improving the food in the prison which the people remain securelyincarcerated behind bars.------ simile6.Without recognizing this we will end up solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answerand explanations that don’t explain.-------Paradox and Parallel structure7.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against thelong night of physical slavery.-----Metaphor(compare the long history of slavery to a long night)、Antithesis (psychological freedom vs. physical slivery)8.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfortand the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.1)Transferred epithet: “tragic walls”2)Antithesis: “the outer city of wealth and comfort”vs. “the inner city of poverty anddespair”3)Metaphor: “the battering rams of the forces of justice”9. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters andrighteousness like a might stream.1)Synecdoche: “city hall”2)Metaphor: “waters”10. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together, and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid.----biblical allusion(总体上，从12-17 parallel structure：均以“Let us be dissatisfied until”开头。
•Metonymy: a figure of speech whichexpresses a relation between the thing spoken of and the thing meant, in such a way that the mention of one suggests other.•Onomatopoeia: the formation of wordsthat are like natural soundsMetonymy 转喻借喻中的本体和喻体之间的关系可以通过下列几种方式进行表达：(一) the container for the thing contained1.He is a sturdy little fellow although he was broughtup on the bottle.2.壶开了。
(二) the organ of human for its function1. He likes concerts because he has an ear for music.2.不知道路,你没长舌头呀!(三) the instrument for the agent1. The pen is mightier than the sword.2.口诛笔伐(四) the name of person for the work or product1. I have never read Shakespeare.2.多读点马列。
(五) the feature of thing for the thing signified1. Grey hair should be respected.2.看,那个蓝眼睛来了。
(六) person or thing for its featureThere is still much schoolboy in him.(七) the place of activity for the thing or person1. Watergate changed our politics.2.一人有难,八方支援。
Figures of speech: simile(明喻), metaphor（暗喻，隐喻）, personification（拟人）, synecdoche（提喻法（以局部代表全部或以全部代表局部））, anticlimax（突降法）, metonymy（转喻）, repetition（重复）, exaggeration（夸张）, euphemism（委婉语）, antonomasia（换称，换喻）, parody（模仿）.1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among thethrongs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland ofdancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1.3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in themaze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhapsbefore a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… (personification)------P3, L1.5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square ,and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimlyvisible.(metaphor)---P4,L16) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time thename Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L27) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy towelcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”.(anticlimax)----P15, L2.8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,andever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)----P58, L4.10) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)11) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.12) “ Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s ” .Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)—P62,L4.13) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up anddown to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4.14) “ Mama, ” Wangero said sweet as a bird . “ can I have these old quilts? ” (simile)---P63, L4.15) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)16) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)17) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devilin the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.18) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on likea swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)19 ） I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their nativeland ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from timeimmemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.20 ） I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many aBritish whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a saferprey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.21) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)22) The back door opens to let out the dog .The TV set blinks on with the d ay’s firstnewscast: a selective rundown… (Personification)----P115, L7.23) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside boxand issues a string of business and personal memos. (Antonomasia)24) Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker andgrocer on the tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies for tonight’s dinner party. (Synecdoche)25) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life inways undreamed of even by the utopians. (Synecdoche)----P116, L7.26) In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center of society, as itwas before the industrial Revolution. (Metaphor)27) the Device’s ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times, will similarlythe lights on an off as needed. (Metaphor)28) Next to health, heart, and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends uponthe automobile. (Alliteration, metonymy repetition)-----P118, L7.29) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique.(Antonomasia)30) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computerrevolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit. (Parody)----P120, L731) Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’smuscles and enormously expanded productivity. (Metonymy) P106 L732) His competitors envisioned the greater potential for entertainment and art, wherehe saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven. (Synecdoche)33) Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway?(Metaphor)34) Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among them a tour of theSmithsonian, in which the viewer selects which corridor to enter by clicking on the screen. (Antonomasia)35) She says consumers would be a little like information “ cowboys, ” rounding updata from computer based archives and information services.(Simile)36) Metaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise througheternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe SynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerce。
高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
Unit 1*Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...*Simile:a vast somber cavern of a room*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法，象声词creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing*Personification:The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingThe camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately*Hyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesUnit 2*Metaphor：I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.e.g.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He took to the bottle.Metonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industry课文中的例句：...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg:He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven---deadto go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。
Lesson9高英修辞手法第一篇：Lesson9高英修辞手法Lesson9Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise througheternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.—metaphor ,hyperbole, parallelismI found another Twain as well—one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profoundpersonal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who was clearly ahead a black wall of night.—metaphorThe cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.—alliteration, metaphorHe went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region.simileFor eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent,and was rebuffed.—extended metaphor―It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome..—alliterationThe grave world smiles as usual, and says…--personification..one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night‖ Casually he debunkedrevered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.—antithesis exaggerationT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for BeckyThatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.–elliptical sentenceBitterness fed on the man who had made the worldlauth.—personificationLesson10The Trial That Rocked the World—hyperboleSeated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors andscientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.—periodic sentence 3 ―Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks,‖ Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.—transferred epithetAfter a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.—ironyOne shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE.—punDudley Field Malone called my conviction a ―victorious defeat.‖—oxymoronThe oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little coutin Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative of fices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.—extended metaphor―Why don’t you take one or two of the others?‖ I asked.rhetorical question)Metaphor:Mark Twain---Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M.T.as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:..cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters...-a cosmos.Parallelism: Most Americans remember...the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis: ...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:..men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and daring...a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:..his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceUnit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of AmericaV.Rhetorical devices1.Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g.1)Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic,and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.(Para.1)2)Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection forBecky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.(Para.15)2.Metaphore.g.1)…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.(Para.1)2)…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.(Para.3)3.Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is todisparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.It is most often restricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility and contempt.e.g.1)…I knew more abo ut retreating than the man that invented retreating.(Para.6)2)…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.(Para.13)4.Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g.It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring anda recklessness of cost or consequences‖5.Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g.1)…of the differencebetween what people claim to be and what they really are.(Para.5)2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.6.euphemisme.g.1)He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas whodiligently avoided contact with the enemy.2)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthlystruggles7.metonymye.g.…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World VII: Rhetorical devices1.Metaphor:No one,...that may case would snowball into......our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2.Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3.Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above....below.4.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.5.Ridicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.7.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.8.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he musthave come from below.9.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10.Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11.synecdoche1)the case had erupted round my head12.oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?IV.Rhetorical devices1.Personification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times,...felt itThe Journal...saw...2.Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on Life3.Sarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light o n Lincoln but a great deal on Life....“so simple” a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.4.Assonance: The difference between the much-touted...and the much clouted...5.Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is...(metonymy)What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...6.MetonymyThe Washington Post,...“keep Your Old Webster's”in short,...written in the language that the 3rd International describes......very little light on Lincoln...on Life7.Zeugma:a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses(e.g.John and his driving licence expired last week)or to two others of which it semantically suits only one(e.g.with weeping eyes and hearts).Compare with syllepsis.(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts 中）。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。
例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。
例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
- 110-校园英语 / 基础教育研究《高级英语》教材中的修辞格赏析河北省承德市翠桥中学/孔敏【摘要】英语修辞越来越多的为人们所应用于报纸，广播，杂志，文学作品以及日常生活中。
本文拟从《高级英语》教材中的一些修辞手法入手，从英语意象方面进行分析、赏欣，使读者认识到英语修辞在语言表达中的重要作用。
【关键词】修辞 修辞格 赏析修辞(rhetoric)就是在应用语言的时候，根据特定的目的，精心的选择语言的过程。
运用各种语言文字材料，各种表现手法，来恰当地表达思想和感情，力求把话说得更正确、明白，使文章更加的生动、精彩。
修辞格(figures of speech)是在修饰语言的过程中，形成的具有独特的表达效果的比较固定的格式，也称修辞手段，修辞方式等。
恰当的使用修辞格，可以使语言生动形象，意蕴优美，更具说服力和感染力。
现从英语意象方面就《高级英语》教材中的修辞格进行发掘和赏欣。
1.明喻 (simile)。
(1) I see also the dull， drilled， docile， brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)(2) The wind (Hurricane Camile) sounded like the roar ofa train passing a few yards away. (Face to Face with Hurricane Camile)句(1)摘自于英国首相丘吉尔《关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话》。
这位强悍的英国首相把德国凶残，野蛮的士兵比作成群结队，且对农作物可以造成灭顶之灾的蝗虫。
因为两者有着共同的特点——制造毁灭，深刻的揭露并批判了德国法西斯的凶残。
句(2)中作者把卡米尔号飓风的声响(the sound of the wind)比作在身边呼啸而过的列车发出的响声(the roar of a passing train)，非常的贴切、生动、形象。
Unit 1*Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...*Simile:a vast somber cavern of a room*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法，象声词creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing*Personification:The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingThe camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately*Hyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesUnit 2*Metaphor：I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.e.g.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He took to the bottle.Metonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industry课文中的例句：...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg:He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven---deadto go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。
浅析《高级英语》中的修辞》《高级英语》是一本深受英美学习者亲睐的语言学书籍，书中的修辞除具有色彩斑斓的语言外，还加入了各种常用的修辞手段。
下面，就具体说说其中一些常用的修辞手段吧。
1. 拟人：指明原言外其义，以展示文章主题，或节节渗出作者的情感。
如“He stood alone like a mountain in his duty.”（他屹立在他的责任上，孤身一人，如同一座山。
）2. 比喻：比喻是一种形象性的手段，用比喻比喻出两个不同的事物之间的联系，从而营造深刻的意境。
如“Life is like a roller coaster.”（生活如过山车一般。
）3. 排比：把同一性质的事物连在一起，表达作者的切中点锋、犀利言辞，使文章句式更加生动形象。
如“Determination, courage and perseverance are the key to success.”（决心、勇气和毅力是取得成功的关键。
）4. 夸张：用大量的超越现实的词语，使读者感受到文中的爆炸感、张力感，以激发读者的情绪。
如“It was a million-billion times worse than anything I had ever imagined.”（它远远超乎我的想象，百万亿倍之恶劣。
）5. 引语：引用他人的言论，来表达作者的思想和情感，使文章生变雅量，因而令人触动，造成强烈的感染。
如“As a famous scientist said, ‘There is no failure exceptin no longer trying.’ ”（正如一位著名科学家所说：“唯有不再尝试才是失败。
”）以上就是《高级英语》中一些常用修辞手段，用它们，不但可以使文章更加具有说服力，还可以帮助学习者更加深入地理解文章内容。
浅论《高级英语》中的几种常见的修辞方法作者：肖利华来源：《神州》2012年第36期摘要：《高级英语》是英语专业高年级学生的必修教材。
修辞是《高级英语》教学的一个重要的环节。
本文根据高级英语修辞的教学目的与要求，通过教学中出现的修辞格的分析，引导学生运用学到的修辞方法理解文章以期提高他们的英语欣赏水平和阅读理解能力。
关键词：高级英语修辞解读一、修辞在《高级英语》中的渗透修辞（ figure of speech），“修”是修饰的意思，“辞”的本来意思是辩论的言词，后引申为一切的言词。
修辞本义就是修饰言论，也就是在使用语言的过程中，利用多种语言手段以收到尽可能好的表达效果的一种语言活动。
英语中的“修辞”（rhetoric）一词源于希腊语，本意是指“精湛的演讲”或者“说话时使用更多的词”。
英语专业高年级学生的学习目标是：具备较高水平的英语运用能力，听、说、读、写、译达到英语专业等级考试八级以上水平；口、笔译能力能担常规双语互译任务；具备较高的文学鉴赏能力；能从文体修辞、历史文化等专业角度对英美文学原著进行分析归纳、评论欣赏；掌握语言学基本原理，能以历时和共时的视角对所接触的语料进行分析比较。
因此，我们可以尝试从修辞学的角度入手，通过对修辞的深入探究，使学生运用所学的修辞方法理解文章的脉络、语言句法，解读原汁原味作品的深层涵义。
二、解读《高级英语》中的修辞（一）比喻类修辞1. 比喻（ parable）：即打比方。
著名文学理论家乔纳森·卡勒为比喻下的定义：比喻是认知的一种基本方式，通过把一种事物看成另一种事物而认识了它。
也就是说找到甲事物和乙事物的共同点，发现甲事物暗含在乙事物身上不为人所熟知的特征，而对甲事物有一个不同于往常的重新的认识。
比喻类修辞的共同特点是使事物的形象更加生动、逼真。
比喻类修辞通常包括：明喻（ Simile）暗喻（ Metaphor）等。
（ 1）明喻（ Simile）：是常用 as 或 like 等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
Lesson91Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.—metaphor ,hyperbole, parallelism2I found another Twain as well—one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who was clearly ahead a black wall of night.—metaphor3The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.—alliteration, metaphor4He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region. simile5For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.—extended metaphor6―It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home..—alliteration7The grave world smiles as usual, and says…--personification8..one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night‖ Casually he debunkedrevered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.—antithesis exaggeration9Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. –elliptical sentence10Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world lauth.—personificationLesson101The Trial That Rocked the World—hyperbole2Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.—periodic sentence3―Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks,‖Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.—t ransferred epithet4After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.—irony5One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE.—pun6Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a ―victorious defeat.‖—oxymoron7The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little cout in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative of fices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.—extended metaphor―Why don’t you take one or two of the others?‖ I asked. rhetorical question)Metaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:..cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:..men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and daring...a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:..his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceUnit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of AmericaV. Rhetorical devices1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic,and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1)2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection forBecky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is theDeclaration of Independence. (Para. 15)2. Metaphore.g. 1) …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (Para. 1)2) …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (Para. 3)3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is todisparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is most oftenrestricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility andcontempt.e.g. 1)…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. (Para. 6)2) …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night. (Para. 13)4. Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring anda recklessness of cost or consequences‖5. Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g. 1)…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para. 5)2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.6. euphemisme.g. 1) He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas whodiligently avoided contact with the enemy.2) he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthlystruggles7. metonymye.g. …but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the WorldVII: Rhetorical devices1. Metaphor:No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2. Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3. Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.4. Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.5. Ridicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6. Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.7. Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.8. AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.9. Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10. Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11. synecdoche1) the case had erupted round my head12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法)Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?IV. Rhetorical devices1. Personification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times, ...felt itThe Journal ...saw...2. Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on Life3. Sarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life...."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.4. Assonance:The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...5. Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...(metonymy)What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...6. MetonymyThe Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes......very little light on Lincoln...on Life7. Zeugma:a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g. John and his driving licence expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g. with weeping eyes and hearts). Compare with syllepsis.(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts中）。
