高中英语省略句
莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。
一、省略的目的
省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：
A．避免重复，减少累赘。
省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。
-- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)
— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么？
— An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然）
B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。
省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）
In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在
帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密）
省略：
回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that 勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。
C．强调重点，突出信息。
省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud）
— Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗？
— Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet )
二、可省略的成分
省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。
A．功能词的省略
功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。
1．冠词的省略
They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or (the) television. 他不明白为什么从屋子里一点响声也没传出来，甚至连收音机和电视机的声音也没有。
提示：
在英语新闻标题、告示中，经常省略冠词。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级作用（新闻标题= The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class）
People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园（新闻标题= The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood）
DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请勿和司机讲话。（告示= Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion）
2．代词的省略
I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场，买了点有用的东西，一小时之内就回来了。
They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它，可是什么话也没说。
(It) Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。
(You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得开心，是吧？
I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜欢你的两只小瓶子，但我不喜欢最小的那一只。
3．连词的省略
We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来，我们很高兴。
I believe (that) you will succeed．我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。
4．关系词的省略
I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他进来的。
It happened on the day (when) we first met. 这发生在我们初次见面的那一天。
There is a man (who) wants to see you. 有个人想要见你。
5．助动词的省略
(Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗？
Who (do) you think you are 你以为你是谁？（在特殊疑问句中，当主语是第二人称时，助动词do可省略）
I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。
6．不定式符号的省略
I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。（当几个不定式并列时，一般只需在第一个不定式前用to）
What we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to）
We did not dare (to) speak. 我们不敢说话。（dare作行为动词用时，否定式可省略to）There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。（介词but 前如有do，but后可省略to）
注意：
当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略to。
To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。（莎士比亚）
It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。
7．介词的省略
He went (in) that way. 他往那边去了。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。
I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意这对不对。
You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4点到5点之间随时都可以来见我。
She must have stayed here (for) a long time. 她在这里一定呆了很久了。
必背：
在下列结构中，介词in常常省略。
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
waste energy (in) doing sth. 浪费精力做某事
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have a good time (in) doing sth. 某事做得非常愉快
have a hard time (in) doing sth. 某事做得很艰难
take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用
It is no good (in) doing sth. 做某事无益
There is no hurry (in) doing sth. 不必着急做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义
There is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用
8．引导词there的省略
(There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有些咖啡的。
(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。
B．句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容显要注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1．省略主语
Hope so. 希望如此。（= I hope so.）
Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。（= I beg your pardon.）
Take care! 当心！（= You take care.）
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。（= It looks as if it will rain.）
Serves you right. 你活该！（= It serves you right.）
注意：
祈使句主语通常省略（如Take care! 当心！）。但有时为了明确对方，可加上主语。
You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鸟，好吗？
Somebody answer the phone, please. 请来个人接一下电话。
2．省略谓语
Anything the matter？要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter）
Who next 该谁了？（= Who comes next）
Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。（= Just wait a moment, please.）
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）We'll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（= We'll do the best we can do.）
What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎要比我们已经得到的要好。（= What we can't get seems better than what we have got.）
3．省略表语
Are you ready Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am后面省略了表语ready）
He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（was 后面省略了表语a lover of sports）
China has been, and still is, the most populous country in the world. 中国过去是，而且现在还是世界上人口最多的国家。（= China has been the most populous country in the world and still is the most populous country in the world.）
4．省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题解决问题。（analyze后省略了宾语problems）
I struck match after match, but could not light. 我划了一根又一根火柴，但一根也没划着。（light后省略了宾语a match）
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes）
5．省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
6．省略状语
(Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不能无所不知。
Mary spoke (rudely), and John answered rudely. 玛丽说得粗鲁，约翰答得也粗鲁。
He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！
三、省略在句子中的运用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
A．简单句中的省略
1．依赖上下文的省略，在对话中最为常用。
Like more beer 再要点啤酒吗？（= Would you like more beer）
— Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话，你介意吗？
— Not at all. 一点也不。（= I do not mind at all.）
— Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗？
— Probably. 大概会的。（= He will probably pass the examination.）
提示：
被省略的部分一般可以根据上下文在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而显得累赘或不合乎习惯。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。（在two后补上hours 显得罗嗦。）
It is now ten to seven. 现在七点十分。（如说It is now ten minutes to seven o'clock. 显得累赘）No parking. 禁止停车。（= No parking is allowed here. 告示用语，补上不合乎习惯。）2．不依赖于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 请上船。（=All go aboard. 省略谓语）
What exciting news! 多么令人激动的消息啊！(= What exciting news it is! 省略主语+谓语) Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。(= It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语) Everybody appears well prepared. 看起来大家都准备好了。（=Everybody appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式to be）
B．并列句中的省略
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分。
1．省略出现在后一分句。
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。（省略主语）
Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。（省略谓语）
I have been to Beijing and (I have) seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京，见到了万里长城。（省略主语+助动词）
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。（省略作宾语的不定式）
注意：
为了避免重复，不定式可以省去与句子前面重复的动词原形，但不定式符号to必须保留（详见第5章）。
—Will you join in the game 你愿意参加这项活动吗？
—I'd be glad to (join in the game). 我很乐意参加。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to (go there). 我不想去那里，但没办法。
2．省略出现在前一分句。
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）
I wished (to find him), yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他，又怕找到他。
3．前后两个分句都出现省略。
They can (pay the full fee) and (they) should pay the full fee. 他们能够也应该支付全部费用。
I'll fly to (Guangzhou), but (I'll) drive back from Guangzhou. 我将飞往广州，但开车回来。C．复合句中的省略
在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的。
1．省略主句的句首部分。
(I'm) Sorry I couldn't go. 很抱歉，我不能去。
(Is there) Nothing more you want to say 你没什么要补充吗？
2．省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。
(It is a ) Pity he's failed. 很遗憾，他失败了。
If he says he'll come, he will (come). 如果他说来，他就一定会来。
What (will happen) if it's raining 如果天下雨怎么办？
— Where is it 那东西在哪里？
—(It is) Where you left it. 就在你放的地方。
— How are you getting on with your English 你的英语学得怎么样？
— (I'm) Not (getting on) so well as I expected.没有我预计的那样好。
— Will you go abroad soon 你很快要出国吗？
— (I'll) Not (go abroad) until I graduate from the college next summer. 要到明年夏天大学毕业后才走。
3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。
①以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。
Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间，你应多讲英语。（省略的主语it并不和主句的主语一致）
Please come as soon as (it is) possible. 请尽快来。
注意：
由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。
The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。
【误】The old machine must be checked before used. （动词的-ed形式不可做介词的宾语）【正】The old machine must be checked before being used.
He told me the truth after he was asked three times. 问了他三遍他才告诉我真相。
【误】He told me the truth after asked three times.
【正】He told me the truth after being asked three times.
②以as if, as though等连词引导的方式状语从句
She lay there, as if (she was) dead. 她躺在那儿，好像死了。（省略的主语和主句的主语一致）He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。
③以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句
We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient. 如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发。
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if (there are) any. 如果下面句子中有错，请加以改正。
English words are easily forgotten unless (they are) constantly repeated. 英语单词不经常重复是很容易忘记的。
④以even if, even though, though, although, whether等连词引导的让步状语从句
Frost is possible, though (it is) not probable, even at the end of May. 甚至在五月底下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性不太大。
Whether (it is) difficult or not, we will try our best to complete the task. 不管任务是否艰巨，我们都要尽力去完成。
Whatever the cause (may be), the result is certain. 不论原因是什么，结果是确定的。
Though (he is) young, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻但懂得很多。
提示：
在这类从句中，如果be是助动词，后面跟着现在分词或过去分词，只要主语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉。
He hurt his leg while (he was) riding a horse. 他在骑马时伤了腿。
When (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦看见，就永远不会忘记。
If (it is) burnt, rubber can give off a poisonous gas. 橡胶如果燃烧起来，会发出有毒气体。4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。
①省略谓语的全部
James enjoys the theatre more than Susan. 詹姆斯比苏姆更喜欢戏剧。（Susan后省略了enjoys the theatre）
Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。（Jack后省略了has many books）②省略主语和谓语的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. 布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as后省略了he speaks）
She was more angry than frightened. 与其说她害怕，倒不如说她生气。（than后省略了She was）③省略表语部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks. 怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks后省略了young）
The situation is much more delicate than it seems. 情况要比表面上看起来微妙得多。（seems 后省略了delicate）
④省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语
He is working harder than before. 他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than后省略了he worked hard）
There are as many students in our school as in their school. 我们学校的学生和他们学校的学生一样多。（as后省略了there are many students）
⑤省略主语
He drank a little more than was good for him. 他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than后省略了it）
⑥省略宾语
You spent more money than I had expected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。（expected后省略了that you should spend）
I was able to borrow as many books as (what) I asked for. 我想要的许多书如数借到。
⑦省略从句的全部
You are getting slimmer. 你越来越苗条了。（slimmer后省略了than you were before）
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly. 不仅仅只是瞎子才犯如此愚蠢的错误。有时候，眼睛看得见的人也做出同样的蠢事。（foolishly后省略了as blind men act）
注意：
在这类句子中，被省略的部分大多数是不表示出来的。如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）
5．主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better (it will be). 越快越好。
(If you take) No pains, (you will make) no gains. （谚）不劳则无获。
C．使用替代词的省略
我们在省略句子某些成分时，有时还必须加上适当的替代词，如do, so, one等，以保持句子意思的完整。
1．do
do用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。
I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。（he does等于he knows you）
--- Have you finished your work
--- Yes, I did yesterday. （did替代finished my work）
2．so
so在expect, think, imagine, hope, suppose, believe等词后面，代替单词、词组或句子。
She became a loyal friend to me and remains so. 她成了我的一个忠诚的朋友，而且一直如此。（so替代a loyal friend）
--- Has she ever been to London 她曾到过伦敦吗
--- I don't think so. 我想她没去过。（= I don't think she has been to
London.)
提示：
也可使用do so, do that来代替动词加宾语。
He said he would make the bed for me but he didn't do so. 他说他帮我整理床铺的，但是他没有这样做。（do so代替make the bed for me）
They played cards after supper and I watched them do that. 他们晚饭后打牌，我在一旁观看。（do that代替play cards）
3．not
not代替否定的句子，用法和so相似。
--- Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗
--- I hope not. 我希望不会。（= I hope it won't rain tomorrow.）
--- Can you come next week 你下星期能来吗
--- I'm afraid not. 恐怕我不能来。(= I'm afraid that I can not come.)
4．the same
the same可代替词组或从句。
The mother swept the floor and her child did the same. 母亲扫地, 孩子也跟着干。（the same 代替swept the floor）
Kate ordered two fried eggs. I ordered the same. 凯特点了两个煎鸡蛋，我也点了同样的菜。（the same代替two fried eggs）
These oranges are just as sour as the last ones we had. They taste the same. 这些桔子和我们上次吃的一样酸。他们味道一样。（the same代替as sour as the last ones we had）
5．one
one是不定代词，常用来代替可数名词。其复数形式是ones。
I haven't got any books; can you lend me one 我没有书，你能借我一本吗
The white dresses go with the hat better than the blue ones. 白色套装比蓝色套装更配这顶帽子。
必背：
口语中常用的省略句。
Up to you！你说了算！
Believe me. 相信我。
Give me a hand. 帮我一下。
Doesn't matter. 没关系。
Me too. 我也一样。
Not yet. 还没有。
Too bad! 太糟糕啦！
Mind you！当心！
Where to 要去哪儿？
Sure, no problem. 当然，没问题。
That much 太贵了吧？
Get lost! 滚开！
So that explains it. 原来如此
Too strange to be true! 太奇怪了，不真实。
See what I mean 了解我的意思吗？
练习
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. Introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, _______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ______he's done for you.
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way.
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ .
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German?
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高考英语完成句子练习及答案 专题训练（1） 1. They sat together around the table, with __________(门关着). (shut) 2. I haven’t the slightest idea __________(他正在说什么). (talk) 3. The fact __________(他失败了数次) makes him very upset. (he, fail) 4. Last night, John was answering the letters that __________(寄给他的) during the past two weeks. (arrive) 5. He believes that children __________(应允许……学习) at their own pace. (allow) 6. She has an excellent __________(对名字的记忆力), which helps her quite a lot in her work. (memory) 7. __________(他是否出过国) do esn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) 8. The factory’s output of cars this year is __________(大约是去年的三倍). (as, great) 9. Not only __________(要帮助) the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. (give) 10. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones; he __________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand) 专题训练（２） 1. Until next 5th, this train _____________________________________ (将已运行) for 1000 days without accidents.(run) 2. The news_________________________ (我们队赢得比赛) the match was very exciting.(win) 3. _____________________________________ (有很多家务事要做), she hurried home. (with) 4. When you travel by train, you _________________________________ (按说应当) buy a ticket, but not many people do. (suppose) 5. I told him that I _______________________________ (已经感到厌倦) the present life. (tire) 6. _______________________ (学生学好英语) well will help them in learning French. (know) 7. A Dream of the Red Chamber _____________________(据说已经翻译成) dozens of foreign languages in the last decade. (translate) 8. My suggestion is that someone ____________ (派人到上海去工作) work in Shanghai. (send) 9. We _____________________________ (本不需要乘出租车) to the station; it’s only a five-minute walk from here. (need) 10. “The old building __________________________ (将会拆毁) and a new one will be built in its place,” the mayor declared. (tear) 专题训练（3） 1. It’s strange that I can’t find my car keys. I (记得把车钥匙放在) on the chair because the phone rang as I was coming in.(remember) 2. The film was a big success and since then I (扮演了) a policeman in more than 8 films. (part) 3. Although the causes of cancer (在逐步弄清楚)，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (uncover) 4. When (比较不同的文化)，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (compare) 5. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, ______________________ (老是讲着) the same thing.(say) 6. He got up and (穿好衣服), and hurried out. (get) 7. (太调皮了) the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work. (so) 8. Police are now searching for a woman (据报导已经失踪了) the flood hit the area last Friday. (report, missing) 9. We (或许还没有证明是) great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (may) 10. (不管你怎样努力), you can hardly achieve your goal. (however) 专题训练 (4) 1.The island (与……连接) the mainland by a bridge．（join） 2.I have no ____________________________ (结婚的打算) before building my career. (intention) 3.He became tense when _____________ (当询问他的时候) by the police about the fire. (question) 4.The driver ________________ (告知我们) the accident quitted his job a week later. (inform) 5. (不管下不下雨), I’m giving a party tomorrow. (whether) 6. Only by discovering what we do best _________________________ (我们才能才能希望) reach
高二英语省略句 【本讲主要内容】 省略句 【知识总结归纳】 1. 简单句中的省略： 在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。 （1）Looks like rain. （2）Hope to hear from you soon. （3）Sounds like a good idea. （4）Beg your pardon. （5）Feeling better today ? （6）This way, please. （7）—What does he want to eat ? —Some rice and vegetables. （8）Anything I can do for you ? （9）Sorry to hear that. （10）Doesn’t matter. （11）Terrible weather! （12）Pity you couldn’t come. 2. 并列句中的省略： 在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略： （1）They learn French and we English. （2）My father planned and built all these houses. （3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second. （4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life. 3. 复合句中的省略： 定语从句： （1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference. （2）I don’t like the way he talks. 状语从句： （1）If heated, water will boil. （2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. （3）We’ll go to help you if necessary. （4）Had I time, I would come. （5）I’ll go, should it be necessary. （6）The captain can find a boat quicker than we can. 宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。 （1）We will do what we can（do）to help you. （2）—Is Mr. King in his office?
省略句练习题 1. ____ time, he’ll make a first –class tennis player. A. Having given B.To give C. Giving D. Given 2.—Susan,go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard. ---Why____? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 3.Generally speaking, ____according to the direction, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 4. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 5.—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -- _______. A. I guess not so. B. I don’tguess
C. I don’tguess so D. I guess not. 6.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 7.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 8. The director gave me a better offer than _____. A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D.those of Dick 9. ---Does your brother intend to study German? ---Yes, he intends_____. A. / B. to C. so D. that 10.--Alice, why didn’tyou come yesterday? ---I ____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
中考完成句子专项练习 1．你为什么不把它写下来呢？ Why don’t you ________it_________? 2．我认为每个人都应该有一个笔友并且互相发送电子邮件。 I think everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to ________ _________. 3．祝你玩得愉快。 Just __________ _________ 4．从北京机场起飞在伦敦降落。 ________ ________ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London . 5．他的父母亲生病了，他不得不照顾他们。 His parents have been ill and he has to _______ _______them.. 6．大多数的中国人都听说过希望工程并且都捐资。 Most people in China have ________ ________ project hope and have given money. 7．那究竟是什么？ What _______ ________is that？ 8．突然，我房子中的所有灯都熄灭了。 Suddenly, all the lights in my house ________ ________. 9．美国人接触不多，但他们第一次见面时互相握手。 Americans don’t touch people a lot, but they _______ ________ with each other when they first meet. 10．让我们找出我们能做什么来保存它们。 Let’s _______ ________ what we can do to save them. 11．他们以竹子为主食并且每只熊猫每天需要吃很多。 They mainly_____ _____ bamboo, and each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day . 12．例如，熊猫主要吃竹子。 _______ _________, the panda mainly eats bamboo . 13．故事发生在老北京的一个茶馆里，并且将给我们关于王力发和他顾客的故事。 It _____ _____in a teahouse in old Beijing and it tells us the story of Wang Lifa and his customers. 14．他必须饭前洗干净手。 He must _______ _______ his hands before lunch . 15．我将整理好桌椅。 I’ll ______ ______the table and chairs. 16．你认为那种爱好占据最少的空间。 Which hobby do you think _______ _______the least space ? 17．除了往常的，例如：航海，攀岩，山地车运动等活动外，还有一个职业作家陪伴的写作讨论会。As well as the usual activities , _______ _______sailing ,climbing and mountain biking, there was a writing workshop with a professional writer. 18．大卫在高中写了一本关于青年生活的故事，它在2003年以书的形式出版。 In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it ______ ______ as a book in 2003 . 19．对不起，他此刻不在这儿。 Sorry，he isn’t here _______ _______. 20．事实上我正在学习汉语。 _______ _______, I’m studying Chinese. 21．你觉得怎么样？ What does it _______ _______ ? 22．那是在我初中刚刚入学的初秋，我原来的学校很远。 It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was_______ _______. 23．我很孤寂并且害怕和他人交朋友。 I was very lonely, and afraid to _______ _______ with anyone. 24．我不想让我的父母为我担心 I didn’t want my parents to _______ _______ me. 25．起初我有点孤单，但这里的人们都很友好。 I was a bit lonely ________ ________ but people here are friendly. 26．现在，我想回答你的问题，但注意红灯。 Now, I want to answer your questions，but remember to_______ _______ for the red light . 27．在WXBN的播音室导演低头看看我。 The radio studio manager at WXBN _______ _______at me. 28．在我九岁的时候，我到小的广播站申请工作。 At the age of nine, I________ _______ jobs in small radio stations . 29．如果你想打开录音机，按下蓝色按钮。 If you want to ________ ________ the recorder, press the blue button.
详解高中英语中省略句的问题 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么 —An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗 — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。 1．冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
Book1 Unit1 一、根据括号里所给单词、单词首字母或汉语提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 1.It is a little difficult to c_______ someone down when he or she is excited. 2.I would be g_________ if you could give me some help 3.For him, this will be an __________(entire) new job, so he isn’t sure of it. 4.True friends always s_____________ their sadness and happiness with each other. 5.By now, he has formed the h_____________ of doing some reading before going to bed. 6.Parents are always c______________ much about their children. 7.I had moved several times before I decided to s___________ in China. 8.I tried to tell her but she __________ (不理睬）me. 9.He is ___________(患有）from sadness. 10.He has a lot of _________ (权力）over the people in his team. 11.Children like to play ____________ (在户外） 12.Today, _________(青少年）and their pa rents often don’t agree on many thing. 13.Tom was very ___________(心烦的）because he failed the exam. 14.Mike had a heavy cold, but has completely __________ （痊愈）after several days’ rest. 15.My trousers are a bit ________ (松的）for me. 16.If you _______(agree），you should speak your own idea. 17.The bottle of wine was ___________(hide）behind a pile of books. 18.We are asked to learn about some ____________(communicate）skills in this unit. 19.The ________ (upset) news made her rather upset. 20.Her _________ (ignore) upset me. 21.Look. Your desk is ________(dust). Why not clean it right now? 二、根据所给汉语意思，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 这所学校的学生数量增加到1000人 The number of the students in this school _______ ________ _________ 1000 now. 2.布莱克先生年轻的时候在伦敦经历了一段艰难的时期。 Mr. Black _______ ________ a hard time in London when he was young. 3. 让我们马上打包并准备出发. Let’s _________ _________ and get ready to start at once. 4. 我从未面对面见过她，我们只通过电话。 I’ve never met her _______ _______ _______. We’ve only talked on the phone. 5. 为了提高英语，珍妮买了很多磁带 ______ _______ ________ improve her English, Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself. 6. 那个穿着漂亮连衣裙的女孩因为我们让她参加这个游戏而对我们心怀感激。The little girl with a beautiful dress felt grateful to us for our letting her _______ _______ the game. 7.比尔已经完全从心脏病中恢复过来。他现在非常开心。 Bill has ________ _________ his heart disease. He is very happy now.