附录

附录一：Geological characteristics and metallogenic prognosisof main gold deposit in Altai gold ore belt ,Xinjiang SHEN Yuan-chao，SHEN Ping，ZHENG Qing-dong，LIU Tie-bing，LI Guang-ming(Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029, China)Abstrac t; Altai polymetallic mineralization belt is famous copper-polymetallic mineralization belt in the world.There are a lot of gold deposits in the Altai ore belt in Xinjiang,China.These gold deposits belong to two genetic types:volcanogene late-stage hydrothermal type and fractured altered rock type.The authors discuss mainly the geological and mineralized features of fractured altered rock type of gold deposits in Altai gold ore belt.Base on this study,the metallogenic law is summarized and the deep metallogenic prognosis has been done in Duolanasayi and Tuokuzibayi gold deposits,and some mineralized anomalys have been discovered.Key words; Altai gold ore belt; mineralization law; metallogenic prognosis; EH-4 measurement of continuous electrical conductivity; mineralized anomaly; gold depositAltai polymetallic mineralization belt,located mainly in Hasakesitan, stretched to Altai area in the north of Xingjiang, China,is a famous copper- poly-metallic mineralization belt in the world. The ore belt is 900krn long, containing about 1200 gold deposits. In early 1990's,Shen Y.C. leaded the China-Russian expeditionary team to investigate the mining area Altai in Russia. After then the authors considered the Haba -he-Fuyun district of Xinjiang as the mining area Altai within China, but both of them is different in same degree. The Altar gold ore belt is mainly gold deposits,while copper deposits are secondary,such as the Ashele copper deposit.So the authors named it as Altai gold ore belt.Since 1985, many gold deposits have been found out in the Altai gold ore belt（Fig. l).These gold deposits are classified as two genetic types: valcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal type and fractured altered rock type. The farmer includes Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits, located in Sawuer mountain of the south of Altai; the latter includes Duolanasayi and Tuokuzibayi gold deposits, located in the west of Altai.1Regional geology and the background of tectonics of Altai gold mineralization belt The Altai gold ore belt is located in the belt of transition between Siberia Plate and Kazakhstan-Zhungeer Plate(Fig. 1). During Hercynian age, Zhungeer Plate subducted under Siberia Plate, which caused the formation of the trench (Wulungu)-arc (Kalatongke)-basin (Kelan)system. Thevolcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal type of gold deposits locates in intermediate volcanic rock of Carboniferous in Kalatongke island arc. The fractured altered rock type of gold deposits locates in clastic rock of Lower Devonian in Kelan back-arc basin. Magma is active frequently in the Alrtai gold belt in which there are several types of the intrusive rock, such as the Habahe rock mass and Duolanasayi rock mass ( Fig. 2 ).2 Geological feature of the typical gold depositsThe geological features of fractured altered rock type of gold deposits are showed in the Table 1. Based on the observation and study in the field work, the mainl features of them are: both the fault and late-stage intrusion rock mass control the formation and distribution of gold deposits ( Fig. 2 ).Fig. 1 Geological sketch of the Alrtaimineralization belt(modified by document)Fault:① Wulungu, ②the south of Eerqisi,③Habahe,④Eerqisi,⑤ Hongshanzui, ⑥Saerbulake,⑦Maerkakuli; I Wulungu trench,II Kalatongke arc,Ⅲ Kelan basin, Ⅳ magmatic arc of Keketuohai,V Fault basin of Nuoerte；Gold deposit: l-Kuoerzhenkuola;2-Buerkesidai;3-Duolanasayi; 4-Tuokuzibayi;5-Saerbulake;6-KekesayiFig. 2 Geological sketch of the Duolanasayi-Tuokuzibayi gold deposits(modified by document)Fault: ①Maerkakuli; ②Duolanasayi secondary fault of Maerkakuli3 Metallogenic lawThe tectonic and magma act strongly in the Altai gold belt particularly in the west part, where the scale of the tectonic activity is larger than that in the east;the volcanic eruption and magmatic intrusion act frequently. so that the space of structure as passageway and host for ore fluid is wide, which reduces the deep fluid to migrate up. On the other hand, the rock mass can provide the heat that the mineralization needs. Therefore, in the west of the Altai gold belt, geological condition for forming large gold deposits is favorable.But in the east of the Altai gold belt,the tectonic andmagma act weakly,and geological condition for forming gold deposits is unfavorable.In short,metallo-tectonics of the Altai gold belt have the feature of divergence in the west and convergence in the east; correspondingly, the scales of the ore deposits have the regulation of swell in the west and shrinkage in the east. Some large gold deposits occur in the west, such as the Duolanasayi,Tuokuzibayi and Saerbulake gold deposits.The type of mineralization in the Altai gold belt has horizontal zoning.h the west of the Altai gold belt, the copper deposits locate in the west (e, g. the Ashele copper deposit) and the gold deposits locate in the east, e. g. the gold deposits of Tuokuzibayi in the southeast of the Ashel for 24 km (Fig. 2 ).There are some copper ore spots exist between the copper deposits of Ashele and the gold deposits of Tuokuzibayi.Generally, the type of mineralization has also vertical zoning that the gold deposits locate in the upper and copper deposits in the lower.Therefore,the copper deposit should occur in the deep of Tuokuzibayi gold deposit.The measurement of deep geophysics has confirmed it.As mentioned above, the metallo-tectonic feature of the Altai gold belt is of divergence in the west and convergence in the east; the scales of the ore deposits have the law of swell in the west and shrinkage in the east. But all of the structure zone in the west has no the gold mineralization in existence.The gold mineralization just exist in the special structural places where the magmatic rock body developes. Thefunction of these rock bodies for gold mineralization is as follows:①the wall-rocks are crashed in the process of the rock body intrusion, so that the fault is.around the rock body complexs, and forms favorable structure as passageway and host for ore-forming fluid;②the rock body can provide energy and ore-forming fluid and ore-forming materials for formation of the gold deposit.Table 1 Main geological features of the typical deposits in Altai gold mineralization beltName of deposits Duolanasayi TuokuzibayiGeographical position Tectonic position Host stratumGeological featureof the body North-west 52 km of HabahecountySecond fault of the west inMalakakuli fault-Duolanasayifaultelastic rock-carbonate in theTuokesalei group of middleDevonian;the direct hostrockis the contact zone betweenlimestone and phyllite near tothe phyllite.The ore belt，4 000 m long by200-500m wide, is made up ofseveral ore veins. Each vein isirregular,branched and comp-ounded,the relationship of thevein and wall-rock is transiti-onal. The occurence of vein is280°~290°<60°-800°.East 181km of Habahe CountySecond fault of the east inMalakakuli fault tuokuzibayifaultweak metamorphic clastic rockin the Tuokesalei and Alrtaigroup of middle Devonian;the direct host rock is thephyllite.The ore belt is 6 000m long by10--100m wide,is made up offour ore blocks.Each vein istabular and vein,therelationship of the vein andwall-rock is transitional. Theoccurence of vein is 240°~250°<75°~84°.Deformation of ore Strongly deformation, the orebody locates deformation stronglyof fault zone.Type of mineralization The altered rock type of ore body is main, the quartz vein type ofore body is very small. Ore is quartz-sulfide type of ore.Alteration of wall-rock The wall-rock is altered strongly, such as silication,pyritization,sericitization, chloritizationFor example, the metallo-tectonic in the Duolanasayi gold deposit is Duolanasayi fault. The fault shows north-west extension in the early stage of tectonic activity, and then，the Duolanasayi quartz diorite intruded into the Earth's surface, the trend of the fault changes and shows nearly north-south trend. The metalto-tectonic in the Tuokuzibayi gold deposit is Tuokuzvibayi fault which is ductile shear fracture in the early of tectonic activity，after that, the Habahe plagiograniite intruded into tl'ie ductile shear fracture zone, the quality of the fracture changed into brittle-ductile. The brittle-ductile fracture controls the formation of the Tuolmzibayi gold deposit. Based on this study, we consider that the formation of the fractured altered rock type of gold deposits is controlled by the rock mass and the fault near by the rock mass; the orebody occurs in the partial swelling places of fault..4Metallogenic prognosisThe synthetical study shows that there are favorable conditions of mineralization forming large-scale deposits in Habahe district of the west in the Altai gold ore belt.The scale of mineralization of these known gold deposits are large, and the alteration of wall-rock is strong. But the study and exploration for gold deposits are weak.The known controlling depth of the orebodiies is about above 200一300 m,and the oxidized ore in the Earth’s surface had been exhausted,but there is favorable prospect.Therefore,the metallogenic prognosis for the deep orebody must be carried out.Using deep geophysical method,such as EH-4 measurement of continuous electrical conductivity,we have studied the shape and occurrence of orebody in the depth.The EH-4 measuring system is produced by both GEOMETRICS Company and EMI Company. It is a unique magnetitelluric system used for measuring the electrical resistivity of the earth over depth ranges of a few meters to greater than one kilometer.It consists of two basic components:a receiver and a transmuter.This system uses both natural and man-made electromagnetic signals to obtain a continuous electrical soundiing of the earth beneath the measurement site.The EH-4 measuring system is used to measure the electrical impedance at the earth's surface,with a series of simultaneous measurements of local electrical and magnetic field fluctuations.These field measuremenu are made for over several minutes. Because this battery-powered system is compact and portable, it is productive even on rough terrain and also may be operated successfully in fairly hostile environments.The speed and portability of the EH-4 system allow for a flexible survey design. In short, the EH-4 system is a advanced explosive mean of electromagnetism in the world.There are controlled three gold ore blocks (I,II,III) in Duolanasayi gold deposit. Among them, the scale of II ore block is the largest. But the depth of ore body in the exploration line ranging from 48 to 60 is not controlled. So we selected the exploration line 60 in the II ore block and carried out the measurement of EH-4 continuous electrical conductivity. There are the continuous mineralized anomaly under the known orebody of Duolanasayi gold deposit. This anomaly extends beneath the known orebody 380 m (Fig. 3).Four gold ore blocks (I~ Ⅳ)in Tuokuzibayi gold deposit have been controlled. Among them, the scales of ore the blocks II and III are larger.But the depth of ore body is not controlled. Based on the analyzing to geological condition of mineralization,we consider that the denudation of orebody in Tuokuzibayi gold deposit is sallow, and there is favorable mineralization prospect, probably is copper mineralization.So we selected the exploration line 95 in the ore block III and carried out the measurement of EH-4 continuous electrical conductivity ( Fig. 4 ).In The tuokuzibayi gold deposit exists the continuous mineralized anomaly under the known orebody extending to 420m.There is richore section in 160~420m, and wide middle-lowerelectrical conductivity anomaly in 420~900m.Therefore,we consider the mineralization and ore type change probably in deep maybe the vein-let-dis- seminated copper mineralization existed. At present, this prognosis is confirmed by drilling. The gold orebody has been discovered in 160~180 m.The thickness of orebody is 8~10 m.The grade of ore is analyzed.In sum,in the two gold deposits,there are the mineraliized anomaly beneath 200m of knownorebodies.The anomaly outlined by the geophysical method are mineralized anomaly.This proves that the EH-4 measurenrient of continuous electrical conductivity method selected is correct;the orebodies extend to the deep, the mineralization and ore type change probably into the vc;inlet-disseminated copper mineralization.Fig.3 The EH-4 measurement of continuous eletrical conductiveity (left) andgeological explanation(right) in line 60 of Duolanasayi gold depositFig.4 The EH-4 measurement of continuous eletrical conductiveity (left) andgeological explanation(right) in line 95 of Duolanasayi gold depositReferences[1]Cooke D R, McPhail D C, Bloom M S. 1996. 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Problems in the study of structure-fluid--Ore-forming Processes. Earth ScienceFrontiers, 3(3/4 ):230-236.[14]Zhai Y S.1999.On the Metallogenic System. Earth Science Frontiers, 6(1):13-28.附录二：新疆阿尔泰金矿带主要金矿床地质特征及成矿预测沈远超; 申萍; 曾庆栋; 刘铁兵; 李光明;（地质与地球物理研究所，中国科学院，北京100029）摘要：阿尔泰多金属成矿带是世界上著名的铜多金属成矿带。