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汉语拼音第四单元an、en、in、un、vn 教学设计教材分析：本课有四部分内容。

第一部分是五个前鼻韵母ɑn、en、in、un、ün和三个整体认读音节yuɑn、yin、yun，配有图画。

第一幅图是天安门，用“安”提示ɑn的音。

第二幅图是圆圈，用“圆”提示yuɑn的音。

第三幅图是一个人在摁门铃，用“摁”提示en的音。

第四幅图是小兔在树阴下乘凉，用“阴”提示in和yin的音。

第五幅图是蚊子，用“蚊”提示un的音。

第六幅图是白云，用“云”提示ün和yun的音。

第二部分是拼音练习。

包括两项内容：（1）声母与ɑn、en、in、un、ün的拼音，巩固新学的韵母，复习j、q、x跟ü组成音节省写ü上两点的规则。

（2）看图读音节词语，培养学生认识事物、准确拼音的能力。

第三部分是看图借助汉语拼音认字读韵文。

配有一幅山区田园图，图画表现了韵文的意思。

韵文中有许多含前鼻韵母的音节，还有要认的五个生字。

第四部分是儿歌，配有图画。

儿歌中有多个含前鼻韵母的音节。

随儿歌学习“半、云、她”三个字。

教学目的：1．学会前鼻韵母an、en 2个复韵母，读准字音，认清形，能在四线三格中正确书写。

2．学习声母与an、en组成的音节，准确拼读音节，读准三拼音节，复习ü上两点省写规则。

3．学习整体认读音节yuan。

教学重点：1．学会韵母an、en 2个复韵母，读准音，认清形，能正确书写。

2．学会声母与an、en组成的音节和整体认读音节。

教学难点：学会介母是ü的三拼音节，读准音节juan、quan、xuan。

课前准备：拼音卡片教学过程：第一课时一、谈话导入我们到目前为止学习了哪些复韵母？能按顺序说说吗？（ai、ei、ui、ao、ou、iu、ie、üe、er）。

今天我们一起来学习第13课，再认识几个韵母朋友，请同学们打开书看看。

这课书的内容比较多，有信心学好吗？下面我们先来学习前2个韵母及音节。

削xi āo 削xi āo 皮p í 削xi āo 笔b ǐ刀d āo喂w èi 喂w èi 养y ǎn ɡ 投t óu 喂w èi哨sh ào 哨sh ào 子z ǐ 放f àn ɡ哨sh ào挺t ǐn ɡ 挺t ǐn ɡ直zh í 挺t ǐn ɡ身sh ēn 而ér 出ch ū斯s ī 斯s ī文w én 斯s ī文w én 扫s ǎo 地d ì甩shu ǎi 甩shu ǎi 开k āi 甩shu ǎi 手sh ǒu踢t ī 踢t ī球qi ú 踢t ī开k āi枪qi ān ɡ 手sh ǒu 枪qi ān ɡ 机j ī枪qi ān ɡ防f án ɡ 防f án ɡ止zh ǐ 预y ù防f án ɡ鬼ɡu ǐ 鬼ɡu ǐ祟su ì 讨t ǎo 厌y àn 鬼ɡu ǐ汉h àn 汉h àn 族z ú 汉h àn 字z ì滚ɡǔn 滚ɡǔn 开k āi 滚ɡǔn 烫t àn ɡ毁hu ǐ 毁hu ǐ灭mi è 烧sh āo 毁hu ǐ惯ɡu àn 习x í惯ɡu àn 惯ɡu àn 例l ì沉ch én 寂j ì 盘p án 问w èn 口k ǒu 哨sh ào 埋m ái 伏f ú 凝n ín ɡ神sh én 烧sh āo 毁hu ǐ 维w éi 护h ù 壮zhu àn ɡ烈li è 不b ù慌hu ān ɡ不b ù忙m án ɡ 杂z á草c ǎo 丛c ón ɡ生sh ēn ɡ 聚j ù精j īn ɡ会hu ì神sh én 模m ó模mo 糊h ū糊h ū 以y ǐ防f án ɡ万w àn 一y ì 断du àn 断du àn 续x ù续x ù牺x ī 牺x ī牲sh ēn ɡ牲sh ēn ɡ 牲sh ēn ɡ口k ǒu 牲sh ēn ɡ畜ch ù凯k ǎi 凯k ǎi 旋xu án 凯k ǎi 歌ɡē征zh ēn ɡ 征zh ēn ɡ文w én 长ch án ɡ征zh ēn ɡ 出ch ū征zh ēn ɡ阿ā 阿ā姨y í姨y í 姨y í妈m ā济j ì 救ji ù济j ì 接ji ē济j ì 济j ì世sh ì贡ɡòn ɡ 贡ɡòn ɡ品p ǐn 贡ɡòn ɡ献xi àn 进j ìn 贡ɡòn ɡ圣sh èn ɡ 神sh én 圣sh èn ɡ 圣sh èn ɡ洁ji é驻zh ù 入r ù驻zh ù 驻zh ù守sh ǒu 驻zh ù地d ì罪zu ì 犯f àn 罪zu ì 受sh òu 罪zu ì恶è 罪zu ì恶è 凶xi ōn ɡ恶è健ji àn 健ji àn 康k ān ɡ 健ji àn 身sh ēn康k ān ɡ 安ān 康k ān ɡ 康k ān ɡ复f ù牺x ī牲sh ēn ɡ 谢xi è意y ì 沉ch én 浸j ìn 深sh ēn 情q ín ɡ 凯k ǎi 旋xu án 征zh ēn ɡ衣y ī 凝n ín ɡ固ɡù 阿ā姨y í 精j īn ɡ通t ōn ɡ 经j īn ɡ济j ì 贡ɡòn ɡ献xi àn 圣sh èn ɡ坛t án罪zu ì恶è 呼h ū吁y ù 健ji àn 康k ān ɡ 永y ǒn ɡ驻zh ù人r én 间ji ān。

英语语音基础知识二——音节的划分音节的划分：(1) 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：(2) 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音（长元音和双元音）则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音（短元音），则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如：观察下列单词音节的划分方式注：island Tuesday Thursday 三个词中的s起连结作用，划分到前一个音节中去。

和字母一样，字组也具有不可分割性。

不管是元字组还是辅字组都具有不可分割性，所以在给一个单词划分音节时，不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去。

例如：但有的词在遇到类似情况时还要考虑到词的来源。

例如：wardroom是复合词，dr被划分到不同的音节里，是因为ward和room本来就是两个词，按照构词法将原词划分开。

类似的词还有shep-herd等。

观察下列单词音节划分的方式重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。

重读符号为’，标注在重读音节前左上方，如：也可以直接在单词里标注，如：to`morrow 。

次重读符号,，标注在重读音节前左下方。

单音节词单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

例如：双音节词双音节词通常在第一个音节重读。

例如：注：teacher一词中的ch 划分到前一个音节中，主要是为了保留主干词teach 的完整性。

多音节词多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节上重读。

在多音节单词中有时还要使用次重读符号, ，用来说明其中的元字组要按重读音节中的读音规则发音。

例如：双音节词和多音节词重音位置的变化①含有a- be- com- con- de- dis- em- en- es- ex- for- im- in- mis- per- pre- pro- re- trans- 等前缀的词通常在第二个音节上重读。

加前缀或后缀通常不会改变原词的重音位置。

②含有元音重出的词有一些词的拼写中有ia ie io 等两个元音字母连在一起，这叫做元音重出。

语文第四章知识要点
语文第四章知识要点
《大自然的语言》
一、重点字词
1.给下列加点字注音。

孕yùn育萌méng发销声匿nì迹连翘qiáo
点拨：注意多音字“翘”字的读音。

《奇妙的.克隆》
一、多音字：mú???一模一样
二、易错字：生殖????繁衍????马铃薯????细菌????平衡《阿西莫夫短文两篇》
一、重点字词
1.给下列加点字注音。

臀tún骨骼gé铱yī潮汐xī
尘埃āi硅guī追溯sù
点拨：“臀”不要误读成dian
《生物入侵者》
一、重点字词
1.给下列加点字注音。

归咎jiù藩fān篱扼è制
第20课《落日的幻觉》
1、第2段主要运用描写的表达方式，这样写的好处是。

生动、形象，使文章文学性、可读性更强。

2、第3段在全文结构上属于过渡句，在内容上起着承上启下的作用。

小学汉语拼音第四单元教课设计教课目标：1．学会前鼻韵母 an、en 2个复韵母，读准字音，认清形，能在四线三格中正确书写。

2．学习声母与 an、en 构成的音节，正确拼读音节，读准三拼音节，复习ü上两点省写规则。

3．学习整体认读音节yuan。

教课要点：1．学会韵母 an、en 2 个复韵母，读准音，认清形，能正确书写。

2．学会声母与 an、en 构成的音节和整体认读音节。

教课难点：学会介母是ü的三拼音节，读准音节 juan、quan、xuan。

教课过程：一、讲话导入我们到当前为止学习了哪些复韵母？能按次序谈谈吗？（ ai、 ei、 ui、ao、ou、iu 、ie、üe、 er）。

今天我们一同来学习第13 课，再认识几个韵母朋友，请同学们翻开书看看。

这课书的内容比许多，有信心学好吗？下边我们先来学习前 2 个韵母及音节。

板书： 13 an en二、看图学习韵母an、 en1．学习韵母 an（1）出示 an 图，问：图上画的是什么？（2）自己试着发 an（安）（3）教师指导发音：把嘴张大，摆好 a 的口形，让气流以前鼻腔里出来，也就是 n 的尾音。

（4）学生练习读，领会前鼻韵母的发音方法。

（5）同桌同学互读，纠正发音。

（6）指名读，开火车读。

2．学习韵母 en（1）出示 en 图，问：你们看这个人在干什么？（2）借助摁的第四声交成第一声学生练习发 en 的音。

（3）en 是由哪两个字母构成的？（ e 和 n）发音时，先发 e，嘴半闭，舌尖抬起抵住上牙床迅速读，鼻子出气，一口气读出 en 的音。

三、书写韵母 an 和 en1．察看 an、en 2 个韵母，谈谈占格地点。

2．教师范写，重申两个字母要写紧凑。

学生观察。

3．学生书写。

教师巡视，个别指导，同时纠正学生的写姿和执笔方法。

4．在实物投影上展现学生书写状况，进行评改。

四、学习声母与an、en 构成的音节1．学习 b p m f 与 en 构成的音节（1）出示让学生自己练习拼读。

湖南师范大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题考试大纲考试科目代码：[713] 考试科目名称：语言综合一、考试形式与试卷结构1)试卷成绩及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

2)答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

3)试卷内容结构各部分内容所占分值为：语言学概论约50分古代汉语约50分现代汉语约50分4)题型结构名词解释题：6小题，每小题5分，共30分简答题：5小题，每小题10分，共50分分析题：2小题，每小题15分，共30分论述题：2小题，每小题20分，共40分二、考试内容与考试要求语言学概论考试目标：要求学生能全面地掌握语言学概论中的基本理论和知识，能较好地运用这些理论和知识解释语言现象和纠正语言运用中的错误。

考试内容：导论第一章语言的社会功能1.语言是人类最重要的交际工具语言和说话；语言是人类社会的交际工具；语言是人类最重要的交际工具2.语言是思维的工具思维离不开语言；儿童学习语言的过程；思维不能离开语言的实验根据；关于聋哑人的思维；思维能力是全人类共同的，语言是各民族不同的；人类思维在机器中的再现第二章语言是符号系统1.语言符号的性质和特点符号以及用符号来交际；符号应该具备的条件；语言符号的任意性合乎线条性；2.语言符号的系统性语言的层级体系；组合关系和聚合关系3.语言系统是人类特有的语言能力；语言是其他动物和人类之间无法逾越的鸿沟；人类语言和所谓动物“语言“的根本区别第三章语音1.语音研究的诸方面语音的最小单位；音标；从哪些方面去研究语音2.音响语音四要素；音质的音响分析；研究音响的仪器3.发音发音器官；两类音素：元音和辅音；元音；辅音4.音位对立和互补；音位和音位变体；音质音位和非音质音位5.音位的聚合区别特征；聚合群6.音位的组合音节；语流音变第四章语法1.语法和语法单位说话要符合规则；语法规则；语法单位2.组合规则语素组合成词的规则；词的组合的五种基本类型；语法结构的意义和形式组合的层次性；组合的递归性3.聚合规则词类；形态；语法范畴4.变换变换和句型；变换和句法同义；变换和句法多义5.语言的结构类型和普遍特征语言的语法结构类型；语法结构不能分优劣；语言的普遍特征第五章词义1.词汇和词义词和词汇；词的词汇意义；词义的概括性2.词义的聚合单义和多义；同义词；反义词3.词义的组合词语的搭配；词义和环境；“言内意外”第六章文字和书面语1.文字和语言文字的作用；文字是记录语言的书写符号系统；汉字和汉语2.文字的起源、发展和改革文字的起源；文字的发展；文字的改进和改革3.书面语口语和书面语；书面语的保守性和书面语的改革第七章语言随着社会的发展而发展1.语言发展的原因和特点社会的发展是语言发展的基本条件；语言中各种因素的相互影响和语言的发展；语言发展的特点2.语言的分化语言随着社会的分化而分化；社会方言；地域方言；亲属语言和语言的谱系分类3.语言的统一语言随着社会的统一而统一；共同语；共同语的规范第八章语言的接触1.语言成分的借用和吸收借词；结构规则的借用2.语言的融合语言系统的排挤和皆代；融合的原因；自愿融合和被迫融合；融合的过程3.语言接触的一些特征形式“洋泾浜”；混合语、国际辅助语第九章语言系统的发展1.语音的发展何以知道语音的发展；语音演变的规律性；语音对应关系和历史比较法2.语法的发展组合规则的发展；聚合规则的发展；语法发展中的类推作用3.词汇和词义的发展新词的产生和旧词的消亡；词语的替换；词义的演变现代汉语考试目标：要求学生能全面地掌握现代汉民族共同语的语音、文字、词汇、语法、修辞等方面的基本理论和知识，能较好地运用这些理论和知识解释语言现象和纠正语言运用中的错误。