英语中修辞方法
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英语修辞法18种1. 明喻 (Simile)明喻是指为了鲜明地刻画某一事,将具有某种共同特征的两种事物加以对比。
它由本体、喻体和比喻词组成。
常用的比喻词有as、like、as if、as though、as... as、similar to、to bear a resemblance to等等。
明喻能使深奥的哲理变得浅显易懂。
1.A man without religion is like a horse without a bridle. 人无信仰,犹如马无缰绳。
e a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采蜜。
3.Beauty without virtue is like a rose without scent.美而无德犹如花无香味。
2. 暗喻 (Metaphor)暗喻亦称为“隐喻”,它同明喻一样,也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比喻,区别在于:明喻把本体和喻体说成是相似的,而暗喻则把两者说成是一致的;明喻中有比喻词,而暗喻中不用比喻词。
1.A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 好书如相伴终生的挚友。
2.A dwarf on a giant’s shoulders sees the farther of the two.侏儒站在巨人的肩上,会看得更远。
3.A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime.一日为师,终身为父。
3.类比 (Analogy)类比是一种阐述事理的修辞格,即用人们熟悉的事例说明较深的道理,或通过具体形象阐明抽象的概念。
它主要是把两种本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较。
1.Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. 明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用,就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。
18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
)2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。
暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
英语中常见的修辞手法英语中常见的修辞手法包括以下几种:1. 比喻:用一个事物来代替另一个事物,以便突出某种特点或形象描绘。
例如:"He is a shining star."2. 暗喻:通过隐晦的方式来暗示某种含义或形象。
例如:"The classroom wasa zoo."3. 拟人:将非人类的事物赋予人类特征,使其更形象生动。
例如:"The wind howled."4. 反问:提出一个问题,但并不期望得到回答,用于强调某种观点或引起读者的思考。
例如:"Isn't it a lovely day?"5. 夸张:夸大事物的特点或程度,以便产生强烈的感觉或效果。
例如:"I've told you a million times."6. 对比:将两个相对的事物或观点进行对比,突出它们的差异或相似之处。
例如:"Love is patient, love is kind."7. 排比:重复使用相同的结构,以便加强表达的力度或效果。
例如:"I came, Isaw, I conquered."8. 修饰语:使用形容词、副词等修饰词语,以增强其描述能力或表达感情色彩。
例如:"The sun was shining brightly."9. 双关语:使用具有多重意义的词语或短语,以产生幽默效果或引起读者的注意。
例如:"Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana."10. 反复:重复使用相同的词语或短语,以强调某种观点或产生连贯的效果。
例如:"Never, never, never give up."这些修辞手法在语言表达中起到了丰富和强调的作用,并可以提升语言的美感和表达的效果。
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如:●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。
)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
例如:●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:His friend has become a thorn in his side.他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺You are your mother’s glass.你是你母亲的翻版由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
)(2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make an initial comparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s idea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。
45种英语修辞(1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同.When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better(2)metaphor(隐喻):利用某些单词进行含蓄的比喻,此时这些单词已经不再是字面上的意思了,Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down. (草莓充斥市场,价格下跌)。
(3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.(4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句子中重复多遍.We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.(5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.(6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语,比如例句中的without warning。
英语中有二十几种种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻/暗喻、Metonymy借喻/借代、Synecdoche提喻、Synaesthesia 通感、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比/平行、Euphemism 委婉、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question修辞疑问/反问、Antithesis对照/对比/对偶、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、alliteration头韵法、transferred epithet移就、Allusion引用典故、Climax渐进法/层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。
1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,借代借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。
20种英语修辞手法整理英语修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧,通过巧妙地运用修辞手法,可以增加文章的表现力和吸引力,使读者更加有兴趣阅读。
本文将整理介绍20种常见的英语修辞手法。
一、比喻(Metaphor)比喻是一种常见的修辞手法,用于通过将两个不相干的事物进行比较,以增强表达的效果。
例如:“他是一只勇敢的狮子。
”二、暗喻(Implicit Metaphor)暗喻是一种通过隐晦的方式进行比喻的修辞手法,不直接明示被比较的事物。
例如:“他是个夜猫子。
”三、拟人(Personification)拟人是将非人事物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。
例如:“大地张开了它温暖的怀抱。
”四、夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是一种通过夸大事物的说法来产生强烈效果的修辞手法。
例如:“我等了一万年。
”五、对比(Contrast)对比是一种通过将两个不同或相反的事物进行相互对比,以突出差异或强调某一方面的修辞手法。
例如:“他的言行恰恰相反。
”六、排比(Parallelism)排比是一种通过对句子或短语进行平行结构的修辞手法,以强调重点或增加语句的节奏感。
例如:“奋斗,拼搏,追求,努力。
”七、倒装(Inversion)倒装是一种颠倒语序的修辞手法,常常用于疑问句或为了强调某一部分。
例如:“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”八、反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是一种用疑问句的形式表达肯定或否定的修辞手法,常用于强调某一观点或引起读者思考。
例如:“难道你不想成功吗?”九、比较(Comparison)比较是通过将两个事物进行对比,以凸显共同点或差异的修辞手法。
例如:“学习就像是爬山,充满了艰辛和挑战。
”十、设问(Hypophora)设问是一种在文章中提出问题,并在下文中进行回答的修辞手法,常用于引起读者的关注和思考。
例如:“你知道成功的秘诀是什么吗?答案很简单——努力。
英语中主要的修辞手法1) Simile:(明喻)明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as the ocean. 2) Metaphor (暗喻)隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
For example, the world is a stage.Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
注意:英语中的许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻例如:(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
3) Personification: (拟人)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。
)house本来是没有感情的,作者通过拟人的手法,表现房子里人的冷漠无情。
4) Hyperbole/overstatement : (夸张)夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
I'm so hungry that I can eat a horse.(我饿到可以吞下一匹马了)5) Understatement: (含蓄陈述)淡化是与夸张相对的一种修辞手法。
它是指说话时不把情意全部表达出来或委婉的表达、保守(不充分)的陈述,这种表达方式通常有含蓄、耐人寻味之意。
英语22种修辞手法以及例句归纳总结常见英语修辞手法总共有22种,分别为明喻、转喻、提喻、隐喻、拟人、拟声、夸张、双关、讽刺、联觉、头韵、委婉、修辞反问、隽语、对照、渐进法、渐降法、引用、叠言、仿拟、排比、寓言。
一、明喻(Simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though,seem,similar to, such as等,Eg:1. This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看起来好像刚从我的童话书中走出来,像一个幽灵一样从我身边走过。
3. It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻(Metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
Eg:1、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
2. He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
(比喻:他是一个像猪一般的人,指肮脏,贪吃的人。
)3. She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
(比喻:这个女人冷酷无情。
)4.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克•吐温是美国的一面镜子。
By figures of speech we refer to those rhetorical devices termed tropes in classical rhetoric. Tropes have to do with the way words are made to mean other than what they would normally imply, and therefore involve deviation from the ordinary and literal meaning of words. They are ways of making our language figurative.1.Simile(明喻)Simile develops out of the Latin word "similis" meaning "like". A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The comparison is purely imaginative. To make the comparison, words like as, as...so, and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.[ Simile(明喻)一词源于拉丁语,意思是:象、如…一样。
明喻直接比较两个或两个以上不同的人或事物,英语中常用的喻词是like和as。
明喻比较的不同的人和事物之间必须至少有一个共同点,而所进行的比较纯属想象。
]1. I was interrupted in my meditations by a noise like the Scotch express going under a bridge. It was Honoria Glossop laughing. ---by P.G. Wodehouse 一阵犹如直快火车在桥下隆隆驶过的响声打断了我的思路。
原来是格洛思蒲在笑。
2. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. --- by George Eliot 这个人就像一只骄傲自负的公鸡,以为太阳升起是为了听它啼鸣。
3. One blinks before the dirty houses as one blinks before a man with his face shot away. --- H.L.Mencken 人们看到这所肮脏的房子,就像看到一个脸被子弹崩掉的人一样,惊愕不已。
4. Mary and her mother are as like as two peas. 玛丽和她母亲长得酷似。
2.Metaphor(隐喻)A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. A metaphor is in a sense a condensed simile, differing from the latter only in form and artistry. Let's compare:[ Metaphor(隐喻)和明喻一样,也是两个不同事物之间的比较,但它有别于明喻,这种比较是隐含的,非陈述的。
隐喻是一种浓缩的明喻,只是形式和表现手法不一样。
]Let's compare:Jim was as cunning as a fox. ( simile )Jim was a fox. ( metaphor )The world is like a stage. ( simile )The world is a stage. ( metaphor )Let's look at more examples:1. They wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up. 它们要在这场战争结束之前也过一下打仗的瘾。
[analysis] For description, a dead fish which would be belly up implies the end of the thing. In translation, the implied rhetorical meaning is given instead of the literary meaning of the original.2.Malone accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion....Then the court broke into a storm of applause that passed that for Bryan. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have.------John Scopes马隆呼吁学术自由,指责布赖恩挑起科学与宗教之间的殊死斗争。
......听众们似乎觉得他们的雄辨家布赖恩并没有能象往日那样以其三寸不料之舌击败马隆那些异教徒们。
[analysis] The write uses the words "duel" and "storm" and "scorched" to mean metaphorically "the dead struggle between science and religion", the idealistic support of the mass and the unreasonable resentment of them against reasonable ideas. "决斗","暴风雨"和"烧焦"3. His eyes came out of his head like a prawn's, and once more his moustache foamed up against his breakwater of a nose.-----by Mr. Woodhouse 他那两只对虾眼在头上凸出来,鼻孔中喷出的热气把胡须吹得飘来飘去。
4. Of all the arts, tragedy is the proudest, the most triumphant; for it builds its shining citadel in the very center of the enemy's country, on the very summit of his highest mountain; from its impregnable watch-towers, his camps and arsenals, his columns and forts are all revealed.------Bertrand Russell 悲剧是艺术之巅,是艺术的骄傲,因为悲剧把自己辉煌的城堡建造在敌人心脏地区的峰项上,在坚不可摧的敌人的防区扎起营房、设下火药库、排好队列并且造起炮楼。
5. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent.-----by G. N. M. Tyrell 语言一旦成为人们交流思想的工具,知识就开始增加,随后就是知识的系统化积累。
点点滴滴的知识汇成潺潺涓流,涓涓溪流又汇成汪洋大海,取之不尽、用之不绝。
6.The hall way was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight.---Kurt V onnegut Jr. 月光射进回廊,在黑暗中投下条条光影。
3.Metonymy(换喻)Originating from Greek, metonymy means "a change of name", that is, the use of one thing for another related to it, as "the Bench" for the magistrates or judges sitting in court, "a silk " for a Queen's Counsel, "the bottle" for alcoholic liquor.[ Metonymy(换喻)一词来源于希腊语,意思是:名称的变换。
换喻就是用一个事物的名称替换与它有连带关系的另一事物的名称,例如,用法官坐的"板凳"替换"法庭的法官";用法官穿的"丝服"表示"英国王室的法律顾问";用盛酒的"瓶子"替换"酒"。
]The glories of our blood and state,Are shadows, not substantial things;There is no armor against fate;Death lays his icy hand on kings;Scepter and CrownMust tumble downAnd in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked Scythe and Spade.(Shirley, The Glories of Our Blood) Metonymy can be derived from various sources-----from names of persons, from animals, professions, locations, or names of places:A. Names of persons1. John Bull: England, or the English people2. Uncle Sam: The United States of AmericaB. Animals1. British Lion: England or the English government2. the bear: The former Soviet union or the Soviet governmentC. Parts of the body1. heart: feelings or emotions2. gray hair: old ageD. Professions1 the bar: the legal profession;.2. the bench: position (office) of judge or magistrate;3. the veil: vocation of a nun;4. the press: newspapers; newspaper reporters;E. Locations of government, of business or industrial enterprises1. Downing Street: the British government or cabinet2. The White House: the President or Executive branch of the U. S. government.3. Capitol Hill: the Legislative branch of the U.S. government.4. the Pentagon: the U.S. military establishment5. Kremlin: the government of the former Soviet Union6. Fleet Street: the British press7. Wall Street: U.S. financial circles8. Madison Avenue: American advertising industry9. Hollywood: American film-making industry10. Foggy Botton: U.S. State DepartmentLet's look at some examples:1 Lands belong to the crown.普天之下皆王土。