温州大学910中西音乐史(或中国舞蹈史)A2016年考研真题考研专业课真题

2016年硕士研究生招生考试试题（A卷）（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）一、判断题（用√或×判断各小题说法的正误，10×2=20分）1、“舞蹈纹彩陶盆”属于马家窑型彩陶。

（）2、《左传》记载“各位不同，礼亦异数”，商周时期，使用青铜礼器旨在使贵贱有等、上下有别，这就是所谓的“藏礼于器”。

（）3、长信宫灯是秦代的工艺品。

（）4、《茶经》说邢窑白瓷“类银”“类雪”。

（）5、景德镇早在唐朝，就已经成为我国瓷器生产的基地。

（）6、混凝土拱券技术是罗马建筑最大的特色，使罗马无比宏伟的建筑成为可能。

（）7、19世纪英国作家约翰•拉斯金是一位激进主义者，要求设计与工业、机器结合。

（）8、沙利文是芝加哥学派的代表，他提出“形式追随功能”的口号。

（）9、德意志制造联盟的代表人物有穆特休斯、凡•威尔德、贝伦斯。

（）10、阿尔托是美国工业设计的重要奠基人，其设计的产品从可口可乐的瓶子到“空中实验室”，从香烟盒到“协和式”飞机的内舱，代表了第一代美国设计师无所不为的特点。

（）二、名词解释（5×6=30分）1、考工记；2、缂丝；3、样式雷；4、多利克柱式；5、德意志制造联盟三、简答题（4×15=60分）1、请综述宋代瓷器设计的成就。

2、清代的设计总体来说有什么样的特点？3、说说工艺美术运动的领袖莫里斯的设计主张。

4、新现代主义设计有什么特点？四、论述题（2×20=40分）1、试论述“国际风格”的产生、特点以及在20世纪70年代遭受的批判。

2、你最崇拜哪位设计师？请结合其作品和设计理念，谈谈你崇拜的理由、你个人的设计理想。

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中西音乐史考研题库及答案中西音乐史是音乐学专业学生必须掌握的基础知识，它涵盖了从古代到现代的中西方音乐发展脉络。

以下是一些中西音乐史的考研题目及答案，供参考：# 题目一：简述中国古代音乐的发展历程。

答案：中国古代音乐的发展可以分为几个阶段：原始时期、夏商周时期、秦汉时期、魏晋南北朝时期、隋唐五代时期、宋元明清时期。

原始时期，音乐主要体现在劳动号子和祭祀活动中。

夏商周时期，音乐开始形成体系，出现了《诗经》等经典文献。

秦汉时期，音乐与政治、宗教紧密结合，出现了宫廷音乐。

魏晋南北朝时期，音乐风格多样化，出现了许多著名的音乐家和作品。

隋唐五代时期，音乐艺术达到了高峰，出现了《霓裳羽衣曲》等经典作品。

宋元明清时期，音乐更加注重情感表达，出现了许多民间音乐和戏曲音乐。

# 题目二：西方古典音乐的三个主要时期是什么？答案：西方古典音乐的三个主要时期是巴洛克时期、古典时期和浪漫时期。

巴洛克时期（约1600-1750年）以复杂的对位和丰富的装饰音为特点。

古典时期（约1750-1820年）强调清晰、平衡和简洁，代表人物有海顿、莫扎特和贝多芬。

浪漫时期（约1820-1900年）则更加注重个人情感的表达，音乐作品更加富有想象力和表现力。

# 题目三：请列举几位中国近现代音乐家及其代表作品。

答案：中国近现代音乐家及其代表作品包括：聂耳的《义勇军进行曲》，冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，黄自的《平湖秋月》，贺绿汀的《牧童短笛》等。

这些音乐家的作品不仅在艺术上具有重要地位，而且在推动中国音乐现代化和民族音乐发展方面起到了关键作用。

# 题目四：简述西方音乐史上的“音乐之父”巴赫的贡献。

答案：约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫被誉为西方音乐史上的“音乐之父”，他的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面：1) 巴赫的作品在形式上具有极高的创新性，如《平均律键盘曲集》；2) 他的作品在技术上要求极高，对后来的音乐家产生了深远影响；3) 巴赫的音乐具有深刻的宗教性和哲学性，反映了当时社会的精神面貌；4) 他的音乐作品在结构上严谨，对西方音乐的和声学和对位法发展有着重要贡献。

温州大学考研专业课真题目专业综合A卷2011年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题 (A)科目代码及名称: 815专业综合适用专业：050201英语语言文学（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）A 卷第一大部分英语语言学(共50分)I. Define the following terms. (10%)1. arbitrariness;2. duality;3. macrolinguistics;4. diachronic linguisticsII. Judge whether each of the following statements is true(T) or false(F). (10%)1.Applied linguistics is the branch of the study on the application of concepts andfindings of linguistics to language acquisition.2.The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are definitely allophonesof the same phoneme.3. A stem is any morpheme or combinations of morphemes to which an inflectional affixcan be added.4.Variable words refer to those which do not have inflective changes.5.The word “editor” derives from the word “edit” plus the suffix “-or”.6.Contrastive analysis of errors is a major strand of psycholinguistic research.7.Every speaker of a langauge is, in a strict sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect.8.After comparing “slowly the artist brought out a piece of paper and a brush” with“The artist brought out a piece of paper and brush slowly”, you may find somedifference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocativemeaning.9.“Tulip”, “rose”and “violet”are all included in the notion of “flower”. Therefore,they are superordinates of “flower”.10.For Leonard Bloomfied, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of thepositivistic brand of psychology known as behaviorism.III. Discriminate the following pairs of term. (10%)1. langue vs. parole;2. pragmatics vs. semanticsIV. Do the analysis according to the requirements. (10%)1. Analyze the meanings of the following words into semantic components. (4%)(1) give; (2) father; (3) woman2. Do the immediate constituent analysis of the following grammatical constructions usingtree diagrams. (6%)第1页，共6页(1) He glanced at her in a suspicious manner.(2) Jane showed her baby pictures.V. Answer one of the following two questions. (10%)1. How do you comment on Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?2. What do you think of the relationship between psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics?第二部分英语文学（共50分）VI. Identify the following works and quotations with their authors, write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10% )1. Troilus and Cressie2. Much Ado about Nothing3. School for Scandal4. Pamela5. “She walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that's best of dark and brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellow'd to that tender lightWhich heaven to gaudy day denies.”6. The Joy Luck Club7. Dubliners8. “Lo, in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand,Ah! Psyche, from the regions whichA re Holy Land!”9. The Catcher in the Rye10. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's StoneVII. Explain TWO of the following literary terms in about 50 wards for each (10%)Dramatic Monologue PuritanismStream of consciousness Iceberg theoryReader-Response Criticism Feminism3VIII. Choose TWO from the following topics and then do according to the requirement in about 100 words for each (10%)1. What’s the difference between Old English literature and Middle English literature?2. To some extent, we can say, Samson is John Milton, Why?3. What are the features of the American literature in the Romantic Period?4. What are Henry David Thoreau's views on nature and individualism and how they are第2共页6页expressed in Thoreau's Walden?5. Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works: Thomas Hardy, Henry James, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, F. Scott Fitzgerald.VIV. Comment on ONE of the following selected texts in about 100 words. 10%1. My next care was for some ammunition and arms. There were two very good fowling-pieces in the great cabin, and two pistols. These I secured first, with some powder-horns and a small bag of shot, and two old rusty swords. I knew there were three barrels of powder in the ship, but knew not where our gunner had stowed them; but with much search I found them, two of them dry and good, the third had taken water. Those two I got to my raft with the arms. And now I thought myself pretty well freighted, and began to think how I should get to shore with them, having neither sail, oar, nor rudder; and the least capful of wind would have overset all my navigation.2. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the4unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens, then perverts the simpler human perceptions.X. Choose ONE poem from the list below, and make a comment on the theme of it in about 100 words (Use at least three of the following elements develop and reinforce your analysis: diction, tone, image, figure of speech, symbols, irony, syntax, rhythm and meter, rhyme). 10%1A little black thing among the snow:Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe!Where are thy father & mother! say!They are both gone up to the church to pray.第3页共6页Because I was happy upon the heath,And smil'd among the winters snow:They clothed me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.And because I am happy, & dance & sing,They think they have done me no injury:And are gone to praise God & his Priest & KingWho make up a heaven of our misery.2Traveling through the dark I found a deerdead on the edge of the Wilson River road.5It is usually best to roll them into the canyon:that road is narrow; to swerve might make more dead.By glow of the tail-light I stumbled back of the carand stood by the heap, a doe, a recent killing;she had stiffened already, almost cold.I dragged her off; she was large in the belly.My fingers touching her side brought me the reason—her side was warm; her fawn lay there waiting,alive, still, never to be born.Beside that mountain road I hesitated.The car aimed ahead its lowered parking lights;under the hood purred the steady engine.I stood in the glare of the warm exhaust turning red;around our group I could hear the wilderness listen.I thought hard for us all--my only swerving--,then pushed her over the edge into the river.第4页，共6页第三部分英美文化 (共50分)XI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10%)1. The Constitution of the United States was framed in Philadelphia in _________.A. 1776B. 1783C. 1787D. 16202. In the United States, the Department of ______ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. StateC. CommerceD. Labor3. Representatives in the Unites States are elected _________.6A. annuallyB. every two yearsC. every three yearsD. every four years4. The New Deal was started by ________.A. Franklin D. RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson5. Which of the following has the power to make federal laws and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president6. ________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. The NormansC. The Danish VikingsD. The Romans7. In Britain, a “vote of no confidence” is decided by _________.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the two major partiesD. the Prime Minister8. Through the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _____.A. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools9. Which of the following is not involved in making the foreign policy in Britain?A. The QueenB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the CabinetD. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury10. All of the following was invented in Britain except ________.A. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricketXII. Define TWO of the following terms. (10%)1. Bill of Rights in the United States2. Judicial review3. The House of Lords4. Constitutional monarchy in Britain第5 页共6页XIII. Answer THREE of the following questions briefly. (15%)1. What are the four basic requirements for secondary school students who want to apply for a respected university in the United States?2. Describe briefly the three-tiered national court system of the U.S.3. It is said that British history has been a history of invasions. What are the major invasions?4. What were the major ideas in the Declaration of Independence?75. What factors play an important role in the contemporary foreign policy of UK?XIV. Make a comment on ONE of the following topics. (15%)1. Is American President directly elected by the people? Why or why not? And what are the major procedures in U.S. presidential election?2. Discuss the factors which have contributed to the special relationship between Britain and the United States.第6页，共6 页8。

中西方音乐史考研真题音乐是人类文化的重要组成部分，不同地区的音乐发展受到了各自独特的文化和历史背景的影响。

中西方音乐史考研真题提供了一个广阔的视角，让我们可以深入研究和了解中西方音乐的发展历程。

一、中西方音乐史的起源与发展1.中西方音乐的起源中西方音乐的起源可以追溯到古代。

在中东地区，古埃及和古巴比伦等文明都有独特的音乐表达形式。

而在西方，古希腊和古罗马时期的音乐也有着独特的发展。

2.中西方音乐的发展（1）中国古代音乐的发展中国古代音乐有着悠久的历史，尤其是古代的宫廷乐和雅乐，受到了皇室和贵族的青睐。

随着时代的变迁，中国音乐逐渐丰富多样，形成了独特的民族音乐风格。

（2）西方古典音乐的发展西方古典音乐的发展可以追溯到中世纪和文艺复兴时期。

数百年来，西方古典音乐经历了巴洛克、古典主义、浪漫主义等时期的演变，涌现出众多杰出的作曲家和作品。

二、中西方音乐在不同历史时期的风格特点比较1.中西方音乐在古代的风格特点比较（1）中国古代音乐的风格特点中国古代音乐注重和谐、典雅，以及对自然和宇宙的敬畏。

古代音乐以独特的五声音阶和六律音律为基础，形成了中国古典音乐的特色。

（2）西方古典音乐的风格特点西方古典音乐注重对称、对位和和声的处理，强调艺术的表现力和个人情感的表达。

古典音乐中常用的音阶包括全音阶、大调和小调，形成了西方古典音乐的特色。

2.中西方音乐在现代的风格特点比较（1）中国音乐在现代的发展中国音乐在现代注重与国际音乐接轨和创新。

不仅保留了传统音乐的特色，还吸收了西方音乐的元素，形成了独特的民族音乐风格。

（2）西方音乐在现代的发展西方音乐在现代不断融合了各种音乐风格，包括摇滚、流行和爵士等。

现代西方音乐强调音乐的实验性和个性化，以及对社会和文化问题的关注。

三、中西方音乐史的影响与意义1.文化交流与融合中西方音乐史的研究为中西方文化交流和融合提供了重要的参考。

通过比较中西方音乐的发展，我们可以更好地理解两种不同文化中人们对音乐的表达方式和审美观念的差异。

2017年浙江温州大学中西音乐(或舞蹈)史考研真题及答案音乐考生试题一、填空题（每空2.5分，共20分）1、“十二平均律”最早由我国明代律学家（朱载堉）发明，他称之为（新法密率）。

2、孔子提倡“礼乐治国”，他提出“移风易俗，（莫善于乐）”的主张；孔子“乐则韶武”，认为评价音乐的标准是（尽善尽美）。

3、1934年王光祈（《中国古典歌剧》）一文获得音乐博士学位。

他最早将西方的（比较音乐学/ethnomusicology）引进东方。

4、中国近现代第一部清唱剧是（《长恨歌》），曲作者是黄自。

5、《哈利路亚》是亨德尔创作的清唱剧（《弥赛亚》）中最著名的一首合唱曲。

二、名词解释（每题8分，共32分）1、大司乐“大司乐”是西周音乐机构的最高官职。

周官大司乐，即大乐正，掌大学，为乐官之长；乐师即小乐正，掌小学，为乐官之副，均称为乐正。

据《周礼》记载，当时大司乐的工作人员确切可考的是1463人，但表演民间乐舞的“旄人”还未记算在内，这些人员中除了少数低级贵族（中大夫、下大夫、上士、中士、下士）外，有1277人是属于胥、徒、上瞽、中瞽、下瞽，眂（视）僚、舞者之类的奴隶阶级。

到了西周，音乐教育机构相当庞大，直接归大司乐领导。

周代的音乐机构分行政、教学、表演三个部分。

受教育的对象，主要是贵族子弟，即世子和国子。

课程传授的内容是音乐思想、演唱和舞蹈，即《周礼•春宫》所载乐德、乐语和乐舞三个方面。

学习的年限是从十三岁一直到二十岁，如《礼记•内则》所载：“十有三年，学乐、诵诗、舞《勺》；成童（十五岁）舞《象》，学射御；二十而冠，始学礼，可以衣裘帛，舞《大夏》。

学习是有严格进度程序的。

2、三分损益法三分损益法最早见于《管子•地员篇》（约公元前四世纪）：“凡将起五音，先主一而三之，四开以和九九，以是生黄钟小素之首，以成宫；三分而益之一，为百有八，为徵；不无三分而去其乘，适足以是生商；有三分而复于其所，以是生羽；有三分而去其乘，以是生角。