动词的ing形式讲解
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一、动词的ing形式可以充当的成分判断练习:Seeing is believing.I suggested asking his brother for some money.China is a developing country.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money.Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.二、动词ing形式成分1.动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.Collecting stamps is interesting.注意:为了保持句子平衡,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。
注意动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.It's a waste of time arguing about it.2.动词的-ing形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义:1.表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.2.表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.比较:一般说来,动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性或抽象性的动作,时间概念不强。
而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。
They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. (泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening.(具体)[考例]1. The speech was very ______, and we were ______ to tears.A. moved; movedB. moving; movingC. moving; movedD. moved; moving[考例]2. Her job is _____ all the children .A. look afterB. looking afterC. to look afterD. having look after3.动词的-ing形式作宾语:动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
1.作动词的宾语①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。
eg:I suggest doing it in a different way.注意:只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 耽搁enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅feel like 意欲finish 完成forgive 原谅give up 放弃cannot help 情不自禁imagine 设想keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意miss 逃过put off 推迟practice 练习risk 冒险②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:a. 有些动词,如continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending /to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.I intend to buy /buying an English-Chinese dictionary.b、跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可,但意义相差很大的动词这类动词常用的有:① try:try to do sth. 尽力做难做的事;try doing sth. 试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事。
He tried to stand up but failed.Let’s try telling him about the sad news.② regret:regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾;regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔。
I really regret missing/having missed his lecture.I regret to tell you that I cannot come.③ can’t help:can’t help doing sth.禁不住;can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干…I couldn’t help shaking with so few clothes on.I can’t help to clean the place up.④ mean:mean to do sth. 想做;mean doing sth. 意味着。
如:Wasting time means killing life.Revolution means liberating the productive forces.⑤ forget:forget doing sth. 忘了已做过的事;forget to do sth. 忘记将要做的事。
如:I forgot telling him about the news.Don’t forget to wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning.⑥ go on:go on doing sth. 继续干未干完的事(强调动作的持续);go on to do sth. 继续干另一件事(强调事情的转接)The old man went on doing his work after a short rest.The old man went on to play another song.⑦ remember:remember doing sth. 指记着做过的事;remember to do sth.记着要做事。
如:Please remember to come on time.I still remember being taken to the Science Museum for the first time.⑧ stop:stop to do sth. 停下正在做的动作去做另一动作;stop doing sth. 停止做动名词所表示的动作。
如:We stopped (in order /so as) to have a rest.Don’t stop trying once again.c. need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting /to be corrected.His coat wants cleaning /to be cleaned.The old woman requires looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.[考例]1. The man insisted _____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding[考例]2 . ---- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----- Well, now I regret _____ that .. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done4.动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1.动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语.We heard the children shouting upstairs.2.动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. (She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. (She got on the car and drove off.)3.动词的-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。
They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.[考例]1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting[考例]2. Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run5.动词的-ing形式作定语1.单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般有两种含义。