托福阅读事实信息题详解

托福阅读备考:事实信息题讲解回顾托福阅读的所有题型，其中有2种题型占据的比例----“词汇题”和“事实信息题”，今天给大家带来了托福阅读备考之事实信息题讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读备考之事实信息题讲解1. 提问方式：Accordingto paragraph… which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?例：According toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (TPO 28 EarlySaharan Pastoralists) Accordingto paragraph… why / how / what….?例：According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (TPO 30 Role of Playin Development)分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。

2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。

2. 解题步骤：Step 1: 读题干，找出定位词注意：如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。

如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词，并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越。

托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。

托福阅读事实信息题
TOEFL阅读部分常出现的题型之一是事实信息题（Factual Information Questions）。

这类题目要求考生根据所阅读的文章内容，找出对应的事实细节。

下面是一些解题技巧：
1. 从关键词入手：阅读题干时，注意关键词，即与题目相关的人名、地名、时间、数字等。

例如，题目中出现"According to the passage"、"In the third paragraph"等引导词，都提醒了你需要在特定的句子或段落中寻找答案。

2. 借助同义词或近义词：有时题干与文章中原文的措辞可能不完全一致，可能使用了同义词或近义词。

通过理解关键词的核心意思，仔细寻找与之相关的表达。

3. 注意特殊标志词：一些文章中会使用特殊的标志词来引出某个具体的事实。

例如："For example"、"In addition"、"Firstly"等，这些标志词通常表示作者要提及具体的事实细节。

4. 把握段落大意：阅读文章时要把握每个段落的大意。

如果题目中没有指明具体的句子，可能需要根据整个段落的内容进行判断。

5. 学会排除选项：当遇到一个复杂的题目时，先排除掉明显错误的答案选项。

这样可以减少选项的数量，提高正确答案的概率。

总之，事实信息题需要考生在阅读文段时注意细节，掌握文章
的核心内容和特定事实细节。

通过多做练习和实践，提高对语言和文章的理解能力，有助于提高在托福阅读中的得分。

【实例解析】托福阅读十大题型之事实信息题例题详解（七）托福阅读题型中事实信息题是根据文中明确出现的事实细节等，选择选项中与之相近的同义改写选项。

在之前的很多文章中，我们都曾经提到过关于这一类型文章的解答方法。

那么，下面我们现在就为大家带来托福阅读事实信息题的实例题目，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

例题7：Paragraph 7: By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in theBritish Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engineproduction until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and rolliron; early in the new century it also multiplied ten times over the amount ofpaper that a single worker could produce in a day. At the same time, operatorsof the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possibleto produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promisedto eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats andturnpikes.Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not cross hillyterrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand upunder great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and theingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily ladenwagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; andthe stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine.Another generation passed; before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.According to paragraph 7, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?They were used for the production of paper but not for printingBy 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of BritainThey were used in factories before they were used to power trainsThey were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes托福阅读事实信息题练习题答案：3。

托福阅读事实信息题托福阅读事实信息题是托福阅读部分的一个题型，要求考生根据所给的文章，准确地找出相关的事实信息。

本文将介绍托福阅读事实信息题的特点、解题技巧以及一些常见的事实信息题类型。

一、托福阅读事实信息题的特点托福阅读事实信息题是考察考生对文章细节的理解能力。

这类题目通常会要求考生根据所给的问题，在文章中找到与之相关的具体细节。

正确回答这类题目需要考生对文章的整体内容有一个全面的理解，并能准确地定位到相关信息。

二、解题技巧1. 预读题目：在阅读文章之前，先花一些时间预读题目。

这样可以帮助考生更快地定位到相关信息，并在阅读过程中有一个明确的目标。

2. 理解问题：在阅读题目时，要确保自己对问题的理解是准确的。

有时候题目会采用否定、排除等方式，需要仔细阅读并理解题目的意思。

3. 定位关键词：在阅读文章时，要注意关键词的定位。

关键词通常是与问题直接相关的词语或短语，通过定位关键词可以更快地找到相关信息。

4. 细致阅读：在定位到关键词之后，要细致地阅读相关部分的内容。

需要注意的是，有时候信息可能会分散在不同的段落中，所以要仔细阅读全文。

三、常见的事实信息题类型1. 事实细节题：要求考生根据所给的问题，在文章中找到与之相关的具体细节。

2. 事实信息题：要求考生根据所给的问题，在文章中找到与之相关的具体信息。

3. 基本事实题：要求考生根据所给的问题，在文章中找到与之相关的基本事实。

4. 事实推断题：要求考生根据所给的问题和文章中的信息，推断出一些事实。

四、总结托福阅读事实信息题是考察考生对文章细节的理解能力。

解答这类题目需要考生具备良好的阅读理解能力和准确的定位能力。

在备考过程中，考生应多做相关练习，熟悉题目的解题思路和技巧，提高解题效率和准确性。

同时，也要注重积累词汇和阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和理解能力。

通过不断地练习和积累，相信考生一定能够在托福阅读事实信息题上取得好成绩。

托福阅读事实信息题托福阅读事实信息题：握住细节别放手!首先当然是关注题干中的关键词，话说这个说法可能很多人都听过，但什么样的词能做关键词呢?想想，找关键词无非为了回原文能尽快找到相应的信息，所以关键词应该具备两个特征，一是比较容易找到，就是长的比较特别，这样才能在一众单词中迅速被看见;二是不容易被其他词替换，一旦换掉了回原文找不到原词定位就失败了不是么?所以符合这两个特征的无外乎长难词，专有名词，时间和数字等等，如果这些都没有怎么办呢?把本不明显的词凑成词组，这样不就容易找到了么，毕竟目标大了啊!第二步当然就是回原文定位了，需要注意的是，很多学生在定位的过程中不自觉的开始读全文，那你这定位有啥用呢?所以看文章的时候不要看意思，单纯找到要的那个词就好了。

找到以后当然要精读找到的那句话。

至于上下句要不要看，其实取决于只看找到的那句能不能帮你选出正确答案，如果只看那句不行，自然要看上下句了。

但无论怎样，你需要读的句子一般不会超过两句话，官方还是说话算话的!很多学生的问题出在根本不敢用这一套，总觉得读的太少肯定做不出题，再加上现在很多题目确实比较tricky，让大家更觉得无所适从，但请相信，既然官方说了只看一两句能选出答案，绝大多数情况下就一定可以。

考生们的问题更多在于找不到或者好容易找到却看不懂，看不懂的孩子请好好背单词，毕竟巧妇难为无米之炊，没有一定的单词量再多的技巧也没用!至于找不到的同学，并不是这个方法本身出了问题，而是关键词很多时候不那么明显了。

那么问题又来了，找不到关键词应该怎么办?很多童鞋可能知道，托福考试中题目出现的顺序和文章行文的顺序是一致的，直接点儿说，就是一段的第一题极有可能出现在这段的最前面，以此类推。

知道了这个，就意味着即使没有关键词，你也可以根据这题是这段的第几题来大致确定到底要读段落的前半部分。

中间，还是后半部分;还可以根据上一题的大概位置往下找这一题的答案，这样会使读文章的压力大幅减轻。

托福阅读直接信息题实例解析托福阅读直接信息题又叫事实信息题，顾名思义考察的是考生对阅读文章中直接给出的事实信息的理解能力，不同于推断题考察考生对文章未明说的信息推理能力，也不同于否定事实信息题考察考生对与文章信息不符的内容的筛选能力，直接信息题考察的就是学生对文章内容的真实把握。

一般能来说，托福阅读直接信息题的解题需要遵循三步：1.从题干中找到定位关键词 2.通过定位关键词找到对应原文，得出原文答案3.将四个选项跟原文答案进行对照，看哪个选项是对原文答案的同义改写。

这个过程中最重要的主要有两种能力：关键词定位与同义改写。

首先我们来看看“定位关键词”。

，按照“识别度高低”排序可以有如下这些帮助我们回到原文定位的关键词：(1) 数字、大写、符号(引号、破折号、连字符、斜体...)(2) 名词(以具体名词为主、抽象名词为辅，因为前者更不容易被改写)(3) 比较级、最高级(4) 动词、形容词、副词在关键词定位的过程中我们要对题干中诸如when、where 、how 、why等特殊疑问词敏感，这些单词可以帮我们更好地判断题目的考查方向，让我们知道最终要找到什么。

另外文章标题词不可作为定位关键词，因为高频词没有定位价值。

关于Step 2“原文答案”，这是指的是如果题目没有四个选项、只有题干的话，这道题就类似一道简答题，那么这个“原文答案”就是该简答题的答案。

最后关于Step 3“同义改写”，这也是托福考试最广泛考察的能力之一了，指同义词或近义词的替换。

接下来我们运用这个三步走的策略来解答下面两道题：例题1Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption-that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound新通教育recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer. Which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films?(A) Linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle than weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings.(B) Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.(C) Technical inadequacies occurred less frequently in early sound films than critics suggested.(D) Critics assumed that it would be impossible to overcome the technical difficulties experienced with earlier sound films.解析：Step1题干：找出题干的定位关键词，是technical problems of early sound films。

详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤, 手把手教你搞定重点题型，今天给大家带来了详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤做,希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤手把手教你搞定重点题型托福阅读事实信息题提问方式汇总1. According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2. According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3. Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型有以下几个特点：a. 该题型属于细节类题型，并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词──X。

b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support 可知)，这一点与否定事实信息题相反。

c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词：which / how / what / why… 引导，可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体“特性、原因、方式等”进行发问。

托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤介绍第一步：读题干，划出定位词。

定位词特点：a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。

b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂，一般是寻找该句中的名词部分，多数充当句中的主语或宾语。

c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。

例题1：According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (托福官方真题12 Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。

例题2：According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(托福官方真题13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。

【实例解析】托福阅读中事实信息题的快速应对方法在托福阅读的备考中，简化题是我们经常遇到的一种事实信息题型。

这种题型虽然学生们做起来不陌生，但是一不小心就会掉入ETS的小“陷阱”。

由于事实信息题和词汇题都在考试中占有很大比重，而且要求在短时间内迅速做对，拿到分数，所以对学生们各种答题能力都有要求。

下面来重点讲解一下事实信息题。

事实信息题Factual Information Questions的题型一般是According to the passage,what…?/According to the passage, where…?/According to the passage, how…?/According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?/In paragraph 2, what does the author say about ….? 所以事实信息题其实是考察文章中的细节问题。

这种题型我们的做法是第一步，定位原文(keys words)，第二步，同义替换(paraphrase)。

我们做一个例题解析一下。

下面一题是出自Timberline Vegetations on Mountains。

Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?○In an area that has little water○In an area that has little sunlight○Above a transition area○On a mountain that has on upper timberline.托福阅读界面右边是文章原文，左边是题目。

浅析托福阅读分类题型—事实信息题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2智课网TOEFL备考资料浅析托福阅读分类题型—事实信息题出国英语考试有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准托福阅读评分标准雅思和托福的区别在之前的托福分类题型中，我们已经介绍了句子简化题(Sentence Simplification Questions)的做法，即写出句子结构，再根据写出的结构对选项进行分析。

正确答案的标准有两个，一是逻辑关系与原句一致，二是基本信息与原文一致。

这种做题方法对学生们的语法知识、语法结构，也就是长难句的分析能力有很高的要求。

学生们需要多练习，才能够在短时间内做对这道题。

那么，本篇文章是关于在托福阅读每篇12-14题中出题频率会达到3-6题的题型—事实信息题Factual Information Questions。

这种题型虽然学生们做起来不陌生，但是一不小心就会掉入ETS的小“陷阱”。

由于事实信息题和词汇题都在考试中占有很大比重，而且要求在短时间内迅速做对，拿到分数，所以对学生们各种答题能力都有要求。

下面来重点讲解一下事实信息题。

事实信息题Factual Information Questions的题型一般是According to the passage, what…?/According to the passage, where…?/According to the passage, how…?/According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?/In paragraph 2, what does the author sayabout ….? 所以事实信息题其实是考察文章中的细节问题。

这种题型我们的做法是第一步，定位原文(keys words)，第二步，同义替换(paraphrase)。

托福阅读事实信息题解析托福阅读事实信息题解析在整个托福阅读的过程中，每篇文章的阅读时间规定为是20分钟。

当然，除了文章外还有答题，对于很多人来说，这个时间还是非常紧张的。

以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于托福阅读事实信息题解析，供大家备考。

1、提问方式Accordingto paragraph… which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?例：According toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (TPO 28 Early Saharan Pastoralists) Accordingto paragraph… why / how / what….?例：According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (TPO30 Role of Play in Development)分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。

2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。

2、解题步骤Step 1: 读题干，找出定位词注意：如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。

如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词，并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越精确。

托福阅读事实信息题提问方式和解题步骤汇总介绍托福阅读事实信息题提问方式和解题步骤汇总介绍托福阅读事实信息题提问方式介绍1.According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about _?2.According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3.Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following st atementsabout_?带有提问方式的题型有以下几个特点:a. 该题型属于细节类题型,并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词───_.b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support可知),这一点与否定事实信息题相反.c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词:which / how / what / why…引导,可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体〝特性.原因.方式等〞进行发问.托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤讲解第一步:读题干,划出定位词.定位词特点:a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是_所代表的部分.b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂,一般是寻找该句中的名词部分,多数充当句中的主语或宾语.c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词.例题1: According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsaboutaquifers in deserts is true? (TPO _Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1.例题2: According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(TPO_ Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2.例题3:Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements aboutpainting inEurope? (TPO 4 Cave Art in Europe)本题干的定位词即是painting in Europe, 符合提问方式3.第二步:根据定位词回原文进行定位.1.若定位词非原文原词,在定位过程中要对其在原文中的同义替换词敏感.2.若定位词在原文中出现若干次,要关注所有出现过的地方.托福阅读素材之做最好的自己托福阅读材料:Be passionate. Be courageous. Be your best.0:_Pat Mitchell: That day, January 8, _, began like all others. You wereboth doing the work that you love. You were meeting with constituents, which issomething that you loved doing as a congresswoman, and Mark, you were happilypreparing for your ne_t space shuttle. And suddenly, everything that you hadplanned or e_pected in your lives was irrevocably changed forever.0:41Mark Kelly: Yeah, it s amazing, it s amazing how everything can change forany of us in an instant.People don t realize that. I certainly didn t. GabbyGiffords: Yes. MK: And on that Saturday morning, I got this horrible phone callfrom Gabby s chief of staff. She didn t have much other information. She justsaid, Gabby was shot. A few minutes later, I called her back and I actuallythought for a second, well, maybe I just imagined getting this phone call.Icalled her back, and that s when she told me that Gabby had been shot in thehead. And from that point on, I knew that our lives were going to be a lotdifferent.1:_PM: And when you arrived at the hospital, what was the prognosis that theygave you about Gabby s condition and what recovery, if any, you coulde_pect?1:26MK: Well, for a gunshot wound to the head and a traumatic brain injury,they typically can t tell you much. Every injury is different. It s notpredictable like often a stroke might be predictable, which is another TBI kindof injury. So they didn t know how long Gabby would be in a coma, didn t knowwhen that would change and what the prognosis would be.1:48PM: Gabby, has your recovery been an effort to create a new Gabby Giffordsor reclaim the old Gabby Giffords?2:00GG: The new one -- better, stronger, tougher. (Applause)2:_MK: That to say, when you look at the picture behind us, to come back fromthat kind of injury and come back strong and stronger than ever is a reallytough thing to do. I don t know anybody that s as tough as my wonderful wiferight here. (Applause)2:28PM: And what were the first signs that recovery was not only going to bepossible but you were going to have some semblance of the life that you andGabby had planned?2:39MK: Well, the first thing, for me, was Gabby was still kind of almostunconscious, but she did something when she was in the ICU hospital bed that sheused to do when we might be out to dinner at a restaurant, in that she pulled myring off and she flipped it from one finger to the ne_t, and at that point Iknew that she was still in there. PM: And there were certain words, too. Didn tshe surprise you with words in the beginning?3:_MK: Well, it was tough in the beginning. GG: What? What? Chicken.Chicken.Chicken.3:_MK: Yeah, that was it. For the first month, that was the e_tent of Gabby svocabulary. For some reason, she has aphasia, which is difficulty withcommunication. She latched on to the word chicken, which isn t the best butcertainly is not the worst. (Laughter) And we were actually worried it couldhave been a lot worse than that. PM: Gabby, what s been the toughest challengefor you during this recovery?3:42GG: Talking. Really hard. Really.3:47MK: Yeah, with aphasia, Gabby knows what she wants to say, she just can tget it out. She understands everything, but the communication is just verydifficult because when you look at the picture, the part of your brain wherethose communication centers are are on the left side of your head, which iswhere the bullet passed through.4:_PM: So you have to do a very dangerous thing: speak for your wife.4:10MK: I do. It might be some of the most dangerous things I ve ever done. 4:_PM: Gabby, are you optimistic about your continuing recovery -- walking,talking, being able to move your arm and leg?4:25GG: I m optimistic. It will be a long, hard haul, but I m optimistic. 4:33PM: That seems to be the number one characteristic of Gabby Giffords,wouldn t you say? (Applause)4:37MK: Gabby s always been really optimistic. She works incredibly hard everyday.4:41GG: On the treadmill, walked on my treadmill, Spanish lessons, Frenchhorn.4:48MK: It s only my wife who could be -- and if you knew her before she wasinjured, you would kind of understand this -- somebody who could be injured andhave such a hard time communicating and meets with a speech therapist, and thenabout a month ago, she says, I want to learn Spanish again.5:_PM: Well, let s take a little closer look at the wife, and this was evenbefore you met Gabby Giffords.And she s on a motor scooter there, but it s myunderstanding that s a very tame image of what Gabby Giffords was like growingup.5:_MK: Yeah, Gabby, she used to race motorcycles. So that s a scooter, but shehad -- well, she still has a BMW motorcycle.5:29PM: Does she ride it? MK: Well, that s a challenge with not being able tomove her right arm, but I think with something I know about, Velcro, we might beable to get her back on the bike, Velcro her right hand up onto thehandlebar.5:46PM: I have a feeling we might see that picture ne_t, Gabby. But you meet,you re already decided that you re going to dedicate your life to service.You re going into the military and eventually to become an astronaut. So youmeet. What attracts you to Gabby?6:_MK: Well, when we met, oddly enough, it was the last time we were inVancouver, about 10 years ago. We met in Vancouver, at the airport, on a tripthat we were both taking to China, that I would actually, from my background, Iwould call it a boondoggle. Gabby would — GG: Fact-finding mission.6:26MK: She would call it an important fact-finding mission. She was a statesenator at the time, and we met here, at the airport, before a trip toChina.6:37PM: Would you describe it as a whirlwind romance?6:39GG: No, no, no. (Laughter) A good friend.6:46MK: Yeah, we were friends for a long time.6:48GG: Yes. (Laughter)6:53MK: And then she invited me on, about a year or so later, she invited me ona date. Where d we go, Gabby?7:_GG: Death row.7:_MK: Yes. Our first date was to death row at the Florence state prison inArizona, which was just outside Gabby s state senate district. They were workingon some legislation that had to do with crime and punishment and capitalpunishment in the state of Arizona. So she couldn t get anybody else to go withher, and I m like, Of course I want to go to death row. So that was our firstdate. We ve been together ever since. GG: Yes.7:36PM: Well, that might have contributed to the reason that Gabby decided tomarry you. You were willing to go to death row, after all.7:43MK: I guess.7:44PM: Gabby, what did make you want to marry Mark?7:48GG: Um, good friends. Best friends. Best friends.7:54MK: I thought we always had a very special relationship. We ve gone throughsome tough times and it s only made it stronger. GG: Stronger.8:_PM: After you got married, however, you continued very independent lives.Actually, you didn t even live together.8:_MK: We had one of those commuter marriages. In our case, it was Washington,D.C., Houston, Tucson.Sometimes we d go clockwise, sometimes counterclockwise,to all those different places, and we didn t really live together until thatSaturday morning. Within an hour of Gabby being shot, I was on an airplane toTucson, and that was the moment where that had changed things.8:39PM: And also, Gabby, you had run for Congress after being a state senatorand served in Congress for si_ years. What did you like best about being inCongress?8:51GG: Fast pace. Fast pace.8:55PM: Well it was the way you did it. GG: Yes, yes. Fast pace.8:57PM: I m not sure people would describe it entirely that way. (Laughter) 9:_MK: Yeah, you know, legislation is often at a colossally slow pace, but mywife, and I have to admit, a lot of other members of Congress that I know, workincredibly hard. I mean, Gabby would run around like a crazy person, never takea day off, maybe a half a day off a month, and whenever she was awake she wasworking, and she really, really thrived on that, and still does today. GG: Yes.Yes.9:25PM: Installing solar panels on the top of her house, I have to say. Soafter the tragic incident, Mark, you decided to resign your position as anastronaut, even though you were supposed to take the ne_t space mission.Everybody, including Gabby, talked you into going back, and you did end uptaking.9:44MK: Kind of. The day after Gabby was injured, I called my boss, the chiefastronaut, Dr. Peggy Whitson, and I said, Peggy, I know I m launching in spacein three months from now. Gabby s in a coma. I m in Tucson. You ve got to find areplacement for me. So I didn t actually resign from being an astronaut,but Igave up my job and they found a replacement. Months later, maybe about twomonths later, I started about getting my job back, which is something, when youbecome this primary caregiver person, which some people in the audience herehave certainly been in that position, it s a challenging role but at some pointyou ve got to figure out when you re going to get your life back, and at thetime, I couldn t ask Gabby if she wanted me to go fly in the space shuttleagain. But I knew she was— GG: Yes. Yes. Yes.10:31MK: She was the biggest supporter of my career, and I knew it was the rightthing to do.10:35PM: And yet I m trying to imagine, Mark, what that was like, going off ontoa mission, one presumes safely, but it s never a guarantee, and knowing thatGabby is —10:47MK: Well not only was she still in the hospital, on the third day of thatflight, literally while I wasrendezvousing with the space station, and you vegot two vehicles moving at _,500 miles an hour, I m actually flying it, lookingout the window, a bunch of computers, Gabby was in brain surgery, literally atthat time having the final surgery to replace the piece of skull that theytookout on the day she was injured with a prosthetic, yeah, which is the whole sideof her head. Now if any of you guys would ever come to our house in Tucson forthe first time, Gabby would usually go up to the freezer and pull out the pieceof Tupperware that has the real skull. (Laughter)_:30GG: The real skull. MK: Which freaks people out, sometimes._:33PM: Is that for appetizer or dessert, Mark?_:36MK: Well, it just gets the conversation going._:41PM: But there was a lot of conversation about something you did, Gabby,after Mark s flight. You had to make another step of courage too, because herewas Congress deadlocked again, and you got out of the rehabilitation center, gotyourself to Washington so that you could walk on the floor of the House-- I canbarely talk about this without getting emotional — and cast a vote which couldhave been the deciding vote._:_GG: The debt ceiling. The debt ceiling._:_MK: Yeah, we had that vote, I guess about five months after Gabby wasinjured, and she made this bold decision to go back. A very controversial vote,but she wanted to be there to have her voice heard one more time._:28PM: And after that, resigned and began what has been a very slow andchallenging recovery. What s life like, day to day?_:39MK: Well, that s Gabby s service dog Nelson._:42GG: Nelson._:43MK: New member of our family. GG: Yes, yes._:46MK: And we got him from a—_:49GG: Prison. Murder. MK: We have a lot of connections with prisons,apparently. (Laughter) Nelson came from a prison, raised by a murderer in Massachusetts. But she did a great job with this dog. He s a fabulous servicedog._:_PM: So Gabby, what have you learned from your e_periences the past fewyears?_:_MK: Yeah, what have you learned? GG: Deeper. Deeper._:_PM: Your relationship is deeper. It has to be. You re together all the timenow._:24MK: I imagine being grateful, too, right?_:27GG: Grateful._:28PM: This is a picture of family and friends gathering, but I love thesepictures because they show the Gabby and Mark relationship now. And you describeit, Gabby, over and over, as deeper on so many levels. Yes?_:46MK: I think when something tragic happens in a family, it can pull peopletogether. Here s us watching the space shuttle fly over Tucson, the SpaceShuttle Endeavour, the one that I was the commander on its last flight, on itsfinal flight on top of an airplane on a 747 on its way to L.A., NASA was kindenough to have it fly over Tucson._:10PM: And of course, the two of you go through these challenges of a slow anddifficult recovery, and yet, Gabby, how do you maintain your optimism andpositive outlook?_:23GG: I want to make the world a better place. (Applause)_:34PM: And you re doing that even though your recovery has to remain front andcenter for both of you.You are people who have done service to your country andyou are continuing to do that with a new initiative, a new purpose. And Gabby,what s on the agenda now?_:52GG: Americans for Responsible Solutions._:56MK: That s our political action committee, where we are trying to getmembers of Congress to take a more serious look at gun violence in this country,and to try to pass some reasonable legislation._:10GG: Yes. Yes. (Applause)_:_MK: You know, this affected us very personally, but it wasn t what happenedto Gabby that got us involved. It was really the 20 murdered first graders andkindergartners in Newtown, Connecticut, and the response that we saw afterwardswhere -- well, look what s happened so far. So far the national response hasbeen pretty much to do nothing. We re trying to change that._:41PM: There have been _ mass shootings since Newtown, a school a week in thefirst two months of last year. What are you doing that s different than otherefforts to balance rights for gun ownership and responsibilities?_:53MK: We re gun owners, we support gun rights. At the same time, we ve got todo everything we can to keep guns out of the hands of criminals and thedangerously mentally ill. It s not too difficult to do that.This issue, likemany others, has become very polarizing and political, and we re trying to bringsome balance to the debate in Washington._:_PM: Thank you both for that effort. And not surprisingly for this woman ofcourage and of a sense of adventure, you just keep challenging yourself,and thesky seems to be the limit. I have to share this video of your most recentadventure. Take a look at Gabby._:33MK: This is a couple months ago._:40(Video) MK: You okay? You did great. GG: Yes, it s gorgeous. Thank you. Good stuff. Gorgeous. Oh, thank you. Mountains. Gorgeous mountains.(Applause)_:00MK: Let me just say one of the guys that Gabby jumped with that day was aNavy SEAL who she met in Afghanistan who was injured in combat, had a reallyrough time. Gabby visited him when he was at Bethesda and went through a reallytough period. He started doing better. Months later, Gabby was shot in the head,and then he supported her while she was in the hospital in Houston. So they havea very, very nice connection._:27GG: Yes._:28PM: What a wonderful moment. Because this is the TED stage, Gabby, I knowyou worked very hard to think of the ideas that you wanted to leave with thisaudience._:39GG: Thank you. Hello, everyone. Thank you for inviting us here today. It sbeen a long, hard haul, but I m getting better. I m working hard, lots oftherapy -- speech therapy, physical therapy, and yoga too.But my spirit isstrong as ever. I m still fighting to make the world a better place, and you cantoo. Get involved with your community. Be a leader. Set an e_ample. Bepassionate. Be courageous. Be your best. Thank you very much._:29(Applause)_:32MK: Thank you. GG: Thank you._:36(Applause) MK: Thank you everybody. GG: Bye bye. (Applause) 托福阅读事实信息题提问方式和解题步骤汇总介绍。