时间状语从句和原因状语从句

教师寄语：功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.★请大家举例状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。

例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

★复合句之一状语从句（Adverbial Clause，在句子中起状语作用的从句）。

状语从句根据它在句子中的作用分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句。

判断下列句子的类型：1．I fell asleep when ( as , while ) he was doing his exercises . 他正作练习时我睡着了。

（时间状语从句）2．Where there is a will，there is a way . 有志者，事竟成。

（地点状语从句）3．She didn't come to school because she was ill . 她由于有病没来上学。

（原因状语从句）4．Once he says that , he will do it . 一旦他说了，他就会做。

（条件状语从句）5．No matter who she is , she'll have to wait . 无论她是谁，也得等。

（让步状语从句）6．It also shows you the caller's telephone numberin order that you can recognize who it is .它能向你显示打电话人的号码以便能够认出是谁。

（目的状语从句）7．He was so excited that he could not say a word . 他如此激动以至于说不出话来。

（结果状语从句）8．You must do as I told you . 你必须按我告诉你的去做。

（方式状语从句）找出本单元中的状语从句，判断其类型，并发现句子位置的规律。

从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语从句三要素：引导词，时态，语序。

需注意的地方：简化，即省略。

★时间状语从句的时态:一般情况下时态一致。

注意：主句是表将来的时候，从句谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完（这是由as soon 成时”表示“将来完成时”。

例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。

as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）★时间状语从句的语序:★时间状语从句的引导词:常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until，once特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, each/every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等一、when 在...的时候，侧重点在于说明一个时间点。

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，又可以是瞬间动词。

并且when有时表示“就在那时= and then; at that moment”。

例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。

(瞬间动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水（延续性的动词）。

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

(瞬间动词)翻译下列句子：1. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。

2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。

3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？4. I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．二、while 在...期间，侧重点在于描述在某一时间段内正在发生的动作或状态。

While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应），while有时还可以表示对比，表“而”。

例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。

（对比）翻译：1. He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。

2. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。

3. While we were chatting, she was looking at the time table on the wall．三、as 在...的同时；一边...一边...。

as引导的动作可以是延续性的，也可是短暂性的，一般侧重主句和从句动作同时发生。

与while 从句不同的是，as 从句一般不用进行时，而用过去时。

1. We always sing as we walk. 我们总是一边走一边唱。

2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。

翻译：Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast．少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生或“一先一后”，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。

1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。

2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。

（强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）翻译：He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。

四、使用when, while和as的注意事项1. 如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。

a. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。

[dance 为延续性动词]b. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话时，我正在写信。

[make为延续性动词]c. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。

2. 从句动作为短暂性动词时，as, when可互换。

例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。

3. 当要表达从句的动作发生于主句动作之前或之后时，只能用when 引导，不可用as 或while。

例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。

（从先主后）When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）翻译：When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后）4. 从句表示“随着时间推移”时，只能用as，不用when 或while。

例如： 1. As the day went on, the weather got worse.随着日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

2. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。

5. when常用与以下句型中：①…was/were doing…when…（正在做…突然）②…was/were about to do…when…（刚要做…突然）③…was/were on the point of doing…when…(刚要做…突然) ④…had just done…when….(刚一…就)⑤Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…(刚一…就)习题：一、选用合适的引导词，可多选。